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Backhaus I, Borges C, Baer ADP, Monteiro LZ, Torre GL, Varela AR. Association between social capital indicators and depressive symptoms among Brazilian university students. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2022; 27:1119-1131. [PMID: 35293449 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232022273.01162021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the association between social capital indicators and depressive symptoms among university students from Brazil. The study drew on a sample of 579 randomly selected university students, from a greater crossnational study conducted in 2018. Students completed a self-administered questionnaire assessing depressive symptoms, indicators of social capital and lifestyle behaviors. Data were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression models. Indicators of social capital included trust, group membership and frequency of meeting friends. Four social capital indicators were significantly associated with clinically relevant depressive symptoms. Students who agreed that people are likely to take advantage of one another were more likely to report depressive clinically relevant symptoms (OR: 1.80, 95%CI: 1.00 - 3.23) as well as students who agreed that people are not willing to help in case needed (OR: 2.11, 95%CI: 1.02 - 4.36). Perceived stress, smoking and hazardous alcohol consumption were not associated with clinically relevant depressive symptoms. Social capital plays an important role in explaining depressive symptoms among Brazilian university students. The study suggests that creating trust and enhancing participation in social networks can be an important strategy for promoting mental health among university students investigated in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insa Backhaus
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome. Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome Italy.
| | - Carolina Borges
- Department of Public Health, The College of New Jersey. New Jersey EUA
| | - Alice de Paula Baer
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome. Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome Italy. .,School of Medicine of University of São Paulo. São Paulo SP Brazil
| | | | - Giuseppe La Torre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome. Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome Italy.
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Vieira FDST, Muraro AP, Rodrigues PRM, Sichieri R, Pereira RA, Ferreira MG. Lifestyle-related behaviors and depressive symptoms in college students. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2021; 37:e00202920. [PMID: 34644759 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00202920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study sought to examine the association between lifestyle-related behaviors and depressive symptoms among college students. This cross-sectional study analyzed baseline data of a dynamic-cohort study from a public university in Central-Western Brazil, in all 21 undergraduate full-time courses. Students up to 25 years old who were enrolled for the first time in a university were included in the study, except pregnant and/or nursing women. All students who met the eligibility criteria were invited to participate in the study. From a total of 1,212 eligible students, 1,038 were included (85.6%). All participants answered a self-administered questionnaire on smoking, alcohol consumption, screen time, sleep duration, and meal patterns. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Multivariate Poisson regression models stratified by sex were used to estimate the associations. Depressive symptoms was observed in 31.6% (males 23.6%; females 39.9%; p-value chi-square test = 0.01) of the students. Smoking, drinking spirits, and having irregular meal habits were directly associated with depressive symptoms in both males and females. The co-occurrence of two risk behaviors (men: aPR = 2.23, 95%CI: 1.25; 3.99; women: aPR = 1.54, 95%CI: 1.03; 2.30) and three or more risk behaviors (men: aPR = 3.42, 95%CI: 1.90; 6.16; women: aPR = 2.09, 95%CI: 1.39; 3.15) increased the occurrence of depressive symptoms among the students. Lifestyle-related unhealthy behaviors were associated with an increased occurrence of depressive symptoms among college students. These findings suggest the need of interventions encouraging changes in lifestyle to promote mental health and to improve the quality of life in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Paula Muraro
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | | | - Rosely Sichieri
- Instituto de Medicina Social, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Rosangela Alves Pereira
- Departamento de Nutrição Social e Aplicada, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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Ramos JN, Muraro AP, Nogueira PS, Ferreira MG, Rodrigues PRM. Poor sleep quality, excessive daytime sleepiness and association with mental health in college students. Ann Hum Biol 2021; 48:382-388. [PMID: 34544307 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2021.1983019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM To estimate the prevalence of poor sleep quality and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) among college students and to analyse their association with aspects of mental health. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study carried out with 1113 college students, enrolled in full-time courses at a public university in the Mid-West region of Brazil. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire with questions about demographics, socioeconomics, mental health, sleep quality, and EDS. Measurements of weight and height were taken to assess weight status using the body mass index. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to estimate the associations between perceived stress (classified as light, moderate, and high) and presence of depressive symptoms with poor sleep quality and presence of EDS. RESULTS High prevalence of poor sleep quality (65.5%) and EDS (55%) was observed. In the adjusted models, poor sleep quality was significantly associated with moderate and high perceived stress and presence of depressive symptoms. For EDS, there was also a significant association with moderate and high perceived stress and presence of depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS High prevalence of poor sleep quality and EDS was found among college students. Perceived stress and presence of depressive symptoms were significantly associated with both evaluated outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Nunes Ramos
- Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso, Brasil
| | - Ana Paula Muraro
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso, Brasil
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Abstract
This is a cross-sectional analysis of data obtained in the baseline of the Longitudinal Study on the Lifestyle and Health of University Students (n 685) carried out in a public Brazilian university. Food intake was assessed using a 24-h dietary recall. Dietary patterns (DP) for breakfast, lunch and dinner were identified using principal component analysis. Generalised linear models were used to analyse the variables associated with each DP. Three DP were extracted for each meal: breakfast: 'White bread and butter/margarine', 'Coffee and tea' and 'Sausages, whole wheat bread and cheese'; lunch: 'Traditional', 'Western' and 'Vegetarian' and dinner: 'Beans, rice and processed juice', 'White bread and butter/margarine' and 'White meat, eggs and natural juice'. Students who had meals at the campus showed greater adherence to the 'White bread and butter/margarine' (exp (βadj) = 1·15, 95 % CI 1·11, 1·19) and 'Coffee and tea' (exp (βadj) = 1·06, 95 % CI 1·02, 1·10) breakfast patterns; 'Western' lunch pattern (exp (βadj) = 1·04, 95 % CI 1·01, 1·08) and to the 'Beans, rice and processed juice' dinner pattern (exp (βadj) = 1·10, 95 % CI 1·06, 1·14). Having meals at the campus was associated with lower adherence to the 'Sausages, whole wheat bread and cheese' breakfast pattern (exp (βadj) = 0·93, 95 % CI 0·89, 0·97), 'Traditional' lunch pattern (exp (βadj) = 0·96, 95 % CI 0·93, 0·99) and to the 'White bread and butter/margarine' (exp (βadj) = 0·96, 95 % CI 0·93, 0·99) and 'White meat, eggs and natural juice' (exp (βadj) = 0·96, 95 % CI 0·93, 0·99) dinner pattern. The food environment at campus may influence students' DP. Recognising meal eating patterns is important to support healthy eating promotion strategies on campus. Adjustments in the University Canteen menu could contribute to healthier eating choices among students.
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Fonseca LB, Pereira LP, Rodrigues PRM, Muraro AP, Andrade ACDS, Pereira RA, Ferreira MG. Incidence of depressive symptoms and its association with sociodemographic factors and lifestyle-related behaviors among Brazilian university students. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2021; 27:1311-1325. [PMID: 33459044 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2021.1874432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Entering university brings on changes in lifestyle and psychological stress and has been associated with increased risk of 1988 in college students. This study aimed to investigate the incidence of depressive symptoms and associated sociodemographic and lifestyle factors among university students. A dynamic cohort of freshmen was followed up for three years, starting at their entry to university (baseline) and then annually. A structured auto administered questionnaire was applied to obtain information on age, sex, economic class, living situation, smoking and drinking, sedentary and sleep behaviors, and change in physical activity after university admission. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionaire-9. Incidence and incidence rate of depressive symptoms were calculated. Poisson Regression with robust variance was used to identify risk factors associated to these disorders. A total of 1,034 students without depressive symptoms at baseline were investigated. The overall incidence of depressive symptoms was 28.3% and the incidence rate (IR) was 2.12, being greater for females (2.75) than males (1.65). The IR decreased over time for both males (from 2.61 to 0.41) and females (from 4.25 to 0.54). A greater risk of depressive symptoms was observed for younger male students compared to those ≥20 years old (IRRadj = 1.64) and for women who reported concomitant use of alcohol and tobacco compared to those that reported no smoking and no alcohol consumption. For both males (IRRadj = 2.80) and females (IRRadj = 1.91), severe stress level was associated with greater risk of depressive symptoms when compared to mild stress level. Depressive Symptoms occurred more significantly in females, in the early years of undergraduate course, in males <20 years old, and among those with high stress level. Understanding the possible causes of depression is essential to promote mental health and well-being among college student.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Barbosa Fonseca
- Institute of Public Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil.,College of Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ana Paula Muraro
- Institute of Public Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil
| | | | - Rosângela Alves Pereira
- Department of Social and Applied Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Márcia Gonçalves Ferreira
- Institute of Public Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil.,College of Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil
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de Matos AP, Rodrigues PRM, Fonseca LB, Ferreira MG, Muraro AP. Prevalence of disordered eating behaviors and associated factors in Brazilian university students. Nutr Health 2020; 27:231-241. [PMID: 33161871 DOI: 10.1177/0260106020971136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND University students may be a vulnerable group to adopt unhealthy behaviors, including changes in eating behavior. Assessment of factors associated with the prevalence of disordered eating behaviors in this population may facilitate the early identification of their predictors, thus allowing fast interventions. AIM To analyze the prevalence of disordered eating behaviors (DEB) and associated factors in Brazilian university students. METHODS Cross-sectional study of male and female students aged 16-25 years, enrolled in full-time degree program at a public university in the mid-west of Brazil. Disordered eating behaviors in the last three months (binge eating, purging, and food restriction), through an adapted version of the instrument developed by Hay, was evaluated and the association with demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, including lifestyle, body image, perceived stress, depressive symptoms, and excess weight, was analyzed. A hierarchical analysis model was performed to determine the relative importance of factors on the prevalence of DEB. RESULTS A total of 1608 university students were evaluated (50.7% male). Prevalence of DEB was 4.4% for binge eating, 2.5% for purging and 9.1% for food restriction, all of which were higher among women (7.0%, 4.4%, and 13.5%) compared with men (1.8%, 0,6%, and 4.9%, respectively). The factors that remained significantly associated with these behaviors were female sex, smoking, consumption of alcoholic beverages, dissatisfaction with body image, excess weight, high perceived stress, and presence of self-reported depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION Factors associated with DEB signal that intervention is required to create synergy between individual and population-level interventions in lifestyle behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lorena Barbosa Fonseca
- Faculdade de Nutrição, 67826Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Brazil.,Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, 67826Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Márcia Gonçalves Ferreira
- Faculdade de Nutrição, 67826Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Brazil.,Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, 67826Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Muraro
- Faculdade de Nutrição, 67826Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Brazil.,Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, 67826Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Brazil
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Abstract
Introduction Introduction: the modernization of society has brought about a series of changes in the dietary habits and practice of physical exercise in the population, as well as a greater generation of food waste in homes. Objective: to assess food waste at home and to evaluate the eating habits and lifestyles of university students. Material and methods: data were collected through a structured, self-administered online survey in which the eating habits (frequency questionnaire) and level of physical activity (IPAQ-Short) of the participating subjects were measured, as well as the waste from main meals through a photographic record of three days according to the Comstock method, visual estimation. Results: most of the students do not comply with the frequency recommendations for consumption of whole grain, fruits, vegetables, nuts and dried fruits, although the practice of physical activity is high, specifically moderate. The total average of waste as assessed with the Comstock scale corresponds to a percentage of 14.50%, mainly avoidable waste. Meat was the most consumed food group as a source of protein, as well as the most wasteful along with vegetables. Conclusions: this study further emphasizes the need for a greater number of interventions in terms of acquisition and implementation of skills for improving healthy food behaviors, as well as for reducing food waste in university students.
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Noronha APP, Batista HHV. Relações entre Forças de Caráter e Autorregulação Emocional em Universitários Brasileiros. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE PSICOLOGÍA 2020. [DOI: 10.15446/.v29n1.72960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigar a relação entre as forças de caráter e a autorregulação emocional faz-se importante, pois os construtos podem auxiliar na diminuição de psicopatologias e contribuir para um desenvolvimento saudável. O estudo teve por objetivo analisar a predição das forças de caráter em relação à autorregulação emocional diante de eventos tristes. A amostra teve 233 universitários, com idades entre 18 e 52 anos (M= 23,20; DP= 5,588). Os participantes responderam a Escala de Forças de Caráter (EFC) e a Escala de Autorregulação Emocional-Adulto (EARE-AD). Cada fator da EARE-AD foi predito por pelo menos três forças de caráter (β entre 0,177 e 0,375). Com exceção da força espiritualidade, todas as forças se associaram significativamente com os fatores da EARE-AD (r entre 0,14 e 0,47). Os resultados parecem indicar que as forças de caráter vitalidade e autorregulação são as que mais contribuem para minimizar dificuldades emocionais. Novos estudos são sugeridos a fim de compreender alguns resultados encontrados nas forças de caráter.
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