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Lemos VC, Barros MBDA, Lima MG. Chronic diseases and health conditions in adolescents: Sex inequalities. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2023; 26:e230009. [PMID: 36629621 PMCID: PMC9838238 DOI: 10.1590/1980-549720230009.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of chronic diseases and health conditions in adolescents from Campinas (São Paulo), investigating sex differences according to age group. METHODS This population-based study analyzed data from the ISACamp 2014/15 health survey, with a total of 1,022 adolescents interviewed. The interviewees consisted of 517 boys and 505 girls; 492 of them in the ten to 14 age group and 530 in the 15 to 19 age group. We verified the associations using the χ2 test with Rao Scott adjustment and estimated prevalence ratios (PR) with multiple Poisson regression adjusted for age. Analyses were also stratified by age group. RESULTS Respiratory diseases, such as rhinitis (25.3%), sinusitis (15.7%), and asthma (10.9%), were the most prevalent among adolescents. Health complaints were high, especially headaches (39.5%), emotional conditions (34.5%), allergies (27.5%), and back pain (21.3%). More than 22.0% of adolescents reported having three or more health conditions. Girls declared a higher number of health conditions (three or more) than boys (PR=2.27). CONCLUSION The study showed that adolescents presented a significant number of health conditions, particularly regarding complaints, indicating the need for clinical care and public policies aimed at controlling and preventing these diseases in this age group.
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Lemos VC, Barros MBDA, Lima MG. Chronic diseases and health conditions in adolescents: Sex inequalities. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/1980-549720230009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective: To estimate the prevalence of chronic diseases and health conditions in adolescents from Campinas (São Paulo), investigating sex differences according to age group. Methods: This population-based study analyzed data from the ISACamp 2014/15 health survey, with a total of 1,022 adolescents interviewed. The interviewees consisted of 517 boys and 505 girls; 492 of them in the ten to 14 age group and 530 in the 15 to 19 age group. We verified the associations using the χ2 test with Rao Scott adjustment and estimated prevalence ratios (PR) with multiple Poisson regression adjusted for age. Analyses were also stratified by age group. Results: Respiratory diseases, such as rhinitis (25.3%), sinusitis (15.7%), and asthma (10.9%), were the most prevalent among adolescents. Health complaints were high, especially headaches (39.5%), emotional conditions (34.5%), allergies (27.5%), and back pain (21.3%). More than 22.0% of adolescents reported having three or more health conditions. Girls declared a higher number of health conditions (three or more) than boys (PR=2.27). Conclusion: The study showed that adolescents presented a significant number of health conditions, particularly regarding complaints, indicating the need for clinical care and public policies aimed at controlling and preventing these diseases in this age group.
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Martins MER, Buchele F, Bolsoni CC. [A literature review on strategies for building autonomy in Brazilian healthcare services for drug users]. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2021; 37:e00358820. [PMID: 34550183 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00358820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The theoretical and practical frameworks that comprise the psychosocial paradigm in the field of drugs, featuring harm reduction and health promotion, focused attention on the suffering individual in relation to the social reality. Such frameworks value the uniqueness of users and healthcare workers for understanding the health-disease process and building effective health policies. The concept that underlies and unites these characteristics is autonomy. However, there are diverse definitions and practices pertaining to autonomy, with intrinsic plurality in the development of mental health and drug policy in Brazil. The article aims to describe the strategies for building autonomy for persons with abusive drug use. The method was an integrative review, searching the PsycInfo, PubMed, Virtual Health Library (VHL), and Web of Science databases for studies that analyzed the process of care for drug users. The review systematized actions that build autonomy and the barriers to care. Twenty-two studies were selected, of which 18 were studies in CAPS AD (Centers for Psychosocial Care for Alcohol and Drug Abuse) and 4 in primary care services. The review highlighted actions aimed at reclaiming individual social value, unique individual treatment plans, and harm reduction workshops. Barriers include the requirement of abstinence, lack of inter-sector collaboration, lack of social rehabilitation through work, and lack of participation in community and political spaces. The evidence points to a set of contradictory and diffuse practices, with some that build autonomy and others that impose control over users. Even so, the actions by CAPS AD and primary care are essential for reclaiming autonomy in the face of stigmatization and marginalization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatima Buchele
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brasil
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Silva DMRD, Costa DT, Rocha GSDA, Monteiro EMLM, Gomes BDMR, Souza CFQD, Aquino JMD. Association between family dynamics and use of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs by adolescents. Rev Bras Enferm 2021; 74:e20200829. [PMID: 34287491 DOI: 10.1590/0034-7167-2020-0829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES to analyze, in the light of systemic thinking, the association between family dynamics and the use of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs by adolescents throughout life. METHODS a cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in nine public schools in the city of Recife. Three hundred and sixty-four adolescents aged 14 to 19 years participated. We used three questionnaires: The Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test, a reduced version of the Drug Use Screening Inventory; and a sociodemographic questionnaire. RESULTS there was an association between parents/guardians ignoring what the child considers meaningful to him and the consumption of alcohol and tobacco by adolescents; we also verified an association between the occurrence of conflicting relationships and the consumption of illicit drugs by adolescents. CONCLUSIONS it confirmed that disorganization in the family system, marked by impairments in emotional connections among members, and fragility in the sense of belonging are associated with the consumption of drugs in life by adolescents.
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Sampaio ML, Bispo Júnior JP. [Network of Psychosocial Care: evaluation of the structure and process of mental healthcare linkage]. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2021; 37:e00042620. [PMID: 33852660 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00042620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the structure and process of linkage of mental healthcare, with a focus on services in the Network of Psychosocial Care (RAPS, in Portuguese) and other social and community devices. This was an evaluative study with a qualitative approach through the identification of the RAPS structure and the evaluation of the process of linking mental healthcare in Vitória da Conquista, Bahia State, Brazil. Semi-structured interviews were held with 33 participants including administrators, professionals, and patients and participant observation in RAPS services. Analytical procedures featured a matrix with three dimensions: structure and composition of RAPS; organization and linkage of RAPS; and comprehensiveness of care and inter-sector linkage. The results showed that despite the expansion of RAPS, the services proved insufficient for meeting the demand, with difficulties in access by users. The linkage between services showed the shaping of a fragmented network, with centralization of specialized services and difficulties in communication with primary care and the emergency care network. The study found a lack of established flows, which left weaknesses in the coordination of care. The development of inter-sector actions, although present, proved to be limited to some sectors. The insufficient structure and segmentation of RAPS were limiting factors for the development of comprehensive and longitudinal mental healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariá Lanzotti Sampaio
- Instituto de Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Brasil
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Almeida CSD, Abreu MNS, Andrade SN, Lana FCF. FACTORS ASSOCIATED TO ALCOHOL USE BY ADOLESCENTS. TEXTO & CONTEXTO ENFERMAGEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1980-265x-tce-2019-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective to analyze the association between alcohol use by adolescents and environmental, family and social relations factors. Method and epidemiological study, of the cross-sectional cohort type, with a sample consisting of 303 students from the Brazilian 9thgrade of elementary level of public and private schools in Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Data was collected through the replication of the “General Information” and “Use of Alcohol” modules from the National Survey of School Health - 2015. The answer variable was alcohol consumption in life, associating it with explanatory variables related to: living with parents, maternal schooling, administrative dependency of the school, alcohol use by friends, and future perspectives. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used using Pearson's chi-square tests and Poisson's model for robust variances. Results an association was found in the multivariate analysis between consumption of beverages and intending to study only until high school or technical school (p=0.007), continuing to study and work (p=0.003), not living with parents (p=0.010), and having friends who make use alcohol (p=0.009). Conclusion social relationships were the most relevant factor for alcohol consumption by adolescents, mainly influenced by friends who use it and by the interpersonal relationships established by them.
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Gomes JC, Silva APSD, Corradi-Webster CM. PORTA GIRATÓRIA NO ACOLHIMENTO DE CRIANÇAS E ADOLESCENTES USUÁRIOS DE DROGAS: DESAFIOS E MANEJOS. PSICOLOGIA & SOCIEDADE 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-0310/2021v33227932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo O estudo teve como objetivo descrever características relacionadas ao fenômeno da porta giratória em uma Unidade de Acolhimento infantojuvenil e analisar o modo como o serviço maneja este fenômeno. Foi realizado estudo de caso qualitativo com análise de: entrevistas semiestruturadas; observação participante com registro em caderno de campo; documentos e grupo focal. A partir da análise, foram construídos três temas: Vínculos rompidos: “Se a família não se cuidar a gente não consegue” (questões geracionais, vínculo familiar, adesão ao tratamento); Subfinanciamento: “Eles fazem milagre com os recursos que têm” (subfinanciamento estatal, preconceito e investimento privado); Políticas públicas: “Esse problema não é meu” (segmentação do cuidado, falta de apoio comunitário e informação/preparo das instituições). Esses pontos constituem entraves no tratamento de crianças e adolescentes usuários de drogas e remetem ao fenômeno da porta giratória.
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Almeida CSD, Lana FCF. Relations between sociocultural spaces and the consumption of psychoactive substances by adolescents. Rev Gaucha Enferm 2020; 41:e20190335. [DOI: 10.1590/1983-1447.2020.20190335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective: To understand the relation between space and psychoactive substance use by adolescents. Methods: This is a mixed method study conducted with 9th grade students from an elementary school in Divinópolis, Minas Gerais. In the quantitative phase (n=303), the modules for general information, use of beverages and illegal drugs from the National School Health Survey were applied. The qualitative phase (n=18) was dominant and followed the quantitative. Descriptive and associated factor analyses were performed for the quantitative variables. Concerning the qualitative aspects, speeches were analyzed based on social determination. Results: Not living with parents and having friends that drink were factors associated with a higher probability of drinking by adolescents. The adolescents' sociocultural spaces are related to the use of beverages and their consequences. Conclusion: The adolescents' views regarding the use of psychoactive substances are influenced by the social and geographical space in which they are inserted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Souza de Almeida
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brasil; Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil
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Silva JFD, Matsukura TS, Ferigato SH, Cid MFB. Adolescência e saúde mental: a perspectiva de profissionais da Atenção Básica em Saúde. INTERFACE - COMUNICAÇÃO, SAÚDE, EDUCAÇÃO 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/interface.180630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Considerando os apontamentos da literatura sobre a vulnerabilidade de adolescentes ao sofrimento psíquico e a escassez de achados que focalizem o cuidado a essa população, esta pesquisa visou identificar como tem ocorrido a atenção psicossocial de adolescentes em sofrimento psíquico segundo profissionais da Atenção Básica em Saúde (ABS). Trata-se de estudo qualitativo que teve a participação de 12 profissionais entrevistados por meio de um roteiro semiestruturado. Os dados, tratados pela Análise Temática de Conteúdo, apontaram fragilidades no acesso do adolescente aos serviços de ABS e, nos casos de sofrimento psíquico, a prática de encaminhamentos a serviços especializados. Observa-se o reconhecimento das profissionais sobre a pontualidade das ações em rede setorial/intersetorial. O estudo avança ao reforçar a necessidade da implementação do cuidado à saúde mental de adolescentes, que considerem a potência da ABS, sob a voz dos profissionais envolvidos.
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Rossi LM, Marcolino TQ, Speranza M, Cid MFB. Crise e saúde mental na adolescência: a história sob a ótica de quem vive. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2019; 35:e00125018. [DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00125018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo: Este estudo objetivou identificar a percepção de adolescentes que vivenciaram a crise em saúde mental sobre tal experiência, bem como sobre a trajetória percorrida em busca de cuidados. Participaram cinco adolescentes de 16 e 17 anos, usuários(as) de um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Infantojuvenil (CAPSij), que concederam entrevistas valendo-se de roteiros abertos baseados no método de história oral. As narrativas foram gravadas, transcritas, textualizadas e trabalhadas por meio de análise temática. Os resultados indicaram: (a) a vivência da crise atrelada, principalmente, a sentimentos intensos de angústia, tristeza e desvalia, ideação e tentativa de suicídio - vivenciados como um problema individual; (b) as relações entre pares e familiares desencadeadoras dos processos de crise quando permeadas por diferentes tipos de violência, e como suporte emocional e social, quando imersas em relações de confiança; (c) a trajetória predominante de acesso ao cuidado aconteceu centrada em pontos da Rede de Atenção Psicossocial e não houve relato de internação; (d) as dificuldades no cuidado assentaram-se na adesão ao tratamento, participação em espaços coletivos de cuidado e resistências à medicação. O estudo avança, apresentando a compreensão da crise em saúde mental e dos fatores envolvidos nesta experiência, pela voz dos(das) próprios(as) adolescentes que a vivenciaram, bem como identifica os caminhos trilhados em busca de tratamento e as percepções emergidas da experiência de cuidado nos serviços.
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