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Treatment Gap of Mental Disorders in São Paulo Metropolitan Area, Brazil: Failure and Delay in Initiating Treatment Contact After First Onset of Mental and Substance Use Disorders. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-022-00814-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Zamorano González B, Peña Cárdenas F, Pinto-Cortez C, Narváez YV, Martínez JIV, Ramos LAR. Unemployment and mental health in a community population from a border city in Mexico. Work 2021; 69:957-967. [PMID: 34219690 PMCID: PMC8385510 DOI: 10.3233/wor-213527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The constant changes in the global economy generate instability in the markets, favoring the closing of companies, dismissals of personnel, job losses. Unemployment has been associated with adverse psychological effects, serving as a predictor of poor mental health. OBJECTIVE The main goal was to analyze the relation between work status and mental health. METHODS A cross-sectional, quantitative study was carried out with a sample of community population, inhabitants of the urban area of a Mexican city. The sample consisted of 1351 participants, being 577 men (43%) and 774 women (57%) with an average age of 41.46 (SD = 17.00). The participants were selected by a quota sampling, in 13 representative points of Matamoros' city urban area. Home surveys were applied; the Spanish version of the Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) was used for mental health assessment. RESULTS The model explaining the relation between work status and mental health (GFI) was significant (p < 0.01). Unemployment was related to higher scores in all sub-scales of psychopathologies evaluated by the SCL-90, in comparison with the rest of work status categories. CONCLUSIONS The unemployed, followed by housewives, presented indicators of poorer mental health, while the retired and those in strikes or lockouts showed the best mental health indexes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Luc A Ruíz Ramos
- Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, Mexico
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Salgado M, Madureira J, Mendes AS, Torres A, Teixeira JP, Oliveira MD. Environmental determinants of population health in urban settings. A systematic review. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:853. [PMID: 32493328 PMCID: PMC7271472 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08905-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Population health is influenced by interactions between environmental determinants, which are captured by dimensions and indicators. This study aims to systematically review key environmental determinants and respective dimensions and indicators, relevant to evaluate population health in urban settings, and to understand their potential implications into policies. Methods A search of literature published between 2008 and 2018 was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and SciELO Portugal databases, on studies with evidence on association between an environmental determinant and a health outcome in urban contexts. Health determinants, dimensions and indicators researched in the selected studies were synthetized, and associations analyzed. An independent assessment of quality of the studies was performed. Key conclusions and policy recommendations were extracted to build a framework to analyze environment related population health and policies in urban settings. Results Ninety four studies of varied methodological approaches and quality met the inclusion criteria. The review identified positive associations between all environmental determinants -socioeconomic, built environment, natural environment, healthcare, behaviors, and health outcomes - overall mortality and morbidity, in urban settings. Improvements in income, education, air quality, occupation status, mobility and smoking habits indicators have positive impact in overall mortality and chronic diseases morbidity indicators. Initiatives to improve population health in which policymakers can be more evidence-informed include socioeconomic, natural environment and built environment determinants. Conclusions There is scope and need to further explore which environmental determinants and dimensions most contribute to population health to create a series of robust evidence-based measures to better inform urban planning policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Salgado
- Institute of Environmental Health (ISAMB), Faculty of Medicine of the University of Lisbon (FMUL), Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Joana Madureira
- Environmental Health Department, National Institute of Health, R. de Alexandre Herculano 321, 4000-055, Porto, Portugal.,EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, 135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Sofia Mendes
- Environmental Health Department, National Institute of Health, R. de Alexandre Herculano 321, 4000-055, Porto, Portugal.,EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, 135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Anália Torres
- VALORSUL, Estação Mercadorias Bobadela, Plataforma Ribeirinha CP, 2696-801, Lisbon, São João da Talha, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Teixeira
- Environmental Health Department, National Institute of Health, R. de Alexandre Herculano 321, 4000-055, Porto, Portugal.,EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, 135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mónica Duarte Oliveira
- CEG-IST, Centro de Estudos de Gestão do Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
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Castelpietra G, Balestrieri M, Bovenzi M. Occupational status and hospitalisation for mental disorders: findings from Friuli Venezia Giulia region, Italy, 2008-2017. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2019; 23:265-272. [PMID: 31094244 DOI: 10.1080/13651501.2019.1611864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate to which extent occupational status, and job titles, were associated with types of hospitalisations and psychiatric diagnoses among inpatients of Friuli Venezia Giulia Region, Italy.Methods: Cross-sectional study based on 10 years register data (2008-2017) on 2929 subjects hospitalised in General Hospital Psychiatric Units. Odds ratios (OR) of hospitalisations and psychiatric diagnoses for occupational status and job titles were calculated by logistic regression analysis.Results: Employed were at lower risk of urgent and involuntary hospitalisation. The risk of urgent hospitalisation was higher for affective, organic or other disorders, while all psychiatric diagnoses were at lower risk of involuntary hospitalisation than psychosis. Using white collars as reference category, army showed a higher risk for urgent hospitalisation (OR = 2.3) and affective disorders (OR = 1.9). A higher risk for affective disorders was found in managers (OR = 2.0). Blue collars were at higher risk for alcohol and substance abuse (OR = 1.7).Conclusions: Employment was protective for urgent and involuntary hospitalisations and severe diagnoses. Hospitalisation for affective disorders was more likely in managers, army, and for substances abuse in blue collars. More research is needed to assess the association between specific occupational groups and involuntary hospitalisation.KeypointsEmployment was shown to be a protective factor for both urgent and involuntary hospitalisations and diagnosis of severe mental disorder.Managers, police and military forces were at higher risk of being hospitalised for affective disorders, while blue collars were at higher risk of hospitalisation for alcohol and substances abuse.Future research would benefit from a better analysis on the association between more specific occupational groups and hospitalisation for psychiatric disorders, with a particular focus on involuntary treatment.Further research is needed to compare the risk of hospitalisation for mental disorders in temporary or permanent position, according to recent international changes in labour market and its impact on mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Castelpietra
- Primary Care Services Area, Central Health Directorate, Friuli Venezia Giulia Region, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Bovenzi
- Clinical Unit of Occupational Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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Castro CMSD, Lima-Costa MF, César CC, Neves JAB, Andrade FBD, Souza Junior PRBD, Sampaio RF. Life course and work ability among older adults: ELSI-Brazil. Rev Saude Publica 2018; 52Suppl 2:11s. [PMID: 30379292 PMCID: PMC6255111 DOI: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2018052000648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine factors associated with perception of work ability in a nationally representative sample of Brazilians aged 50 years and over. METHODS We used data from 8,903 participants of the baseline survey of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil). The dependent variable was self-rated work ability (good or very good versus fair, poor, or very poor). Independent variables included factors that operate at the beginning, middle, and current stage of life. Multivariate analysis was based on prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) estimated by Poisson regression. RESULTS Good work ability was reported by 49% of \ participants (49.4% among men and 48.6% among women). Results of the multivariate analysis showed that, for both men and women, good work ability showed positive and statistically significant associations (p < 0.05) with good health up to 15 years of age (PR = 1.22 and 1.18 , respectively), educational level ≥ 8 years (PR = 1.19 and 1.21, respectively), and current good self-rated health (PR = 1.88 and 1.94, respectively). Negative associations were observed for current age (PR = 0.99 for each increase of one year among men and women), medical diagnosis of depression (PR = 0.70 for men and PR = 0.87 for women), and having one or more at least chronic diseases (PR = 0.88 for men and 0.91 for women). Only for men, positive associations for the age at which they started working (PR = 1.14 and 1.12 for 11–17 and ≥ 18 years, respectively) and living with a spouse (PR = 1.09) were found. CONCLUSIONS Work ability in older ages is built over the life course, particularly by the health conditions in childhood and adolescence, age at which men begin working, educational level, and health conditions in older ages. Policies aimed at increasing longevity in the labor market must take these factors into account.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Fernanda Lima-Costa
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto René Rachou. Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.,Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto René Rachou. Núcleo de Estudos em Saúde Pública e Envelhecimento. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Cibele Comini César
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Faculdade de Ciências Econômicas. Centro de Desenvolvimento e Planejamento Regional. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.,Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto René Rachou. Núcleo de Estudos em Saúde Pública e Envelhecimento. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Jorge Alexandre Barbosa Neves
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Faculdade de Ciências Econômicas. Departamento de Sociologia. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Fabíola Bof de Andrade
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto René Rachou. Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.,Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto René Rachou. Núcleo de Estudos em Saúde Pública e Envelhecimento. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | | | - Rosana Ferreira Sampaio
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional. Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Reabilitação. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
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