Experiência de pacientes com acupuntura no Sistema Único de Saúde em diferentes ambientes de cuidado e (des)medicalização social

["I FEEL VERY WELL": the effects of Integrative and Complementary Practices in the care of people with obesity]

The scope of this study was to understand the effects resulting from Integrative and Complementary Practices (ICPs) in the treatment of people with obesity cared for at a state center of reference of the Brazilian Unified Health System, based on the reports of users. Qualitative exploratory-descriptive methodology was used, employing semi-structured interviews as a technique for data production. The empirical universe was composed of eight male and female members in the adult age group, with a medical diagnosis of obesity and being monitored at the ICP Outpatient Clinic. Feeling well was observed as a significant and pivotal sensation for the ongoing experience in the ICPs, resulting from the therapy, materialized in the different effects produced by the practices and bringing about a reorganization of the subject's life, the care of oneself and of others. It was possible to observe that the organic presence of the ICPs assumes a hybrid and dynamic place in the process of care, although a perspective has emerged that links the ICPs to obesity through the control of anxiety, the body, and food. Furthermore, the ICPs seem to collaborate with the displacement of the focus of body weight management to the person as a whole, also acting as mediators in the process of body acceptance.

[Complementary and alternative medicine and social medicalization: lack of definitions, risks, and potentials in primary healthcare]

Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) need to be increasingly understood in the academic and research setting, given their growing inclusion in health institutions and scientific studies. However, vague definitions or broad generalizations are common in the Brazilian scientific literature, an example of which is the relationship between CAM and social medicalization. This study aims to discuss the medicalizing and de-medicalizing potential of the use of CAM, especially in primary healthcare (PHC). This essay summarizes the underlying lack of definition concerning the medicalizing and de-medicalizing potential of various CAM, based on the selected literature, which reports theoretical and empirical convergences. The exercise of CAM in the clinical context has a medicalizing potential, due to its positive, expanded, and holistic conception of health and its etiological multidimensionality, potentially generating so-called "holistic illness", which has been reported theoretically and empirically. CAM also have de-medicalizing potential, depending on the practitioner, due to greater interpretative flexibility, contextualization, singularization, users' participation in the care, closer clinical relationship, the values and traditions of some CAM, diversity of interventions, and the potential for enrichment of self-care. The medicalizing or de-medicalizing potential of various CAM is activated by their practitioners, and the context of PHC tends to favors the de-medicalizing potential.

Implementation of Brazil's National Policy on Complementary and Integrative Practices: strengths and weaknesses

This narrative review examines the literature on complementary and integrative practices (CIPs) and their incorporation into Brazil's national health system (Sistema Único de Saúde - SUS) in an attempt to understand the strengths and weaknesses of the implementation of the National Policy on Complementary and Integrative Practices in the SUS (PNPIC, acronym in Portuguese). A search was conducted of the MEDLINE, LILACS, and SciELO databases, resulting in final sample of 25 articles. Our analysis identified five key themes in the literature related to the strengths and weaknesses of policy implementation: 1) Professional training in CIPs in the SUS; 2) structuring the provision of CIPs, access, and health promotion; 3) knowledge, access, and acceptance of service users in relation to CIPs; 4) knowledge of SUS professional staff and managers in relation to the PNPIC; and 5) scope and monitoring and evaluation of the PNPIC. In consonance with the conclusions of the PNPIC management reports, the findings provide a deeper insight into policy implementation problems and reinforce the need to empower the actors involved in this process to tackle these challenges.

Implementation, access and use of integrative and complementary practices in the unified health system: a literature review

In Brazil, the Integrative and Complementary Practices (ICP) achieved greater visibility after the establishment of the National Integrative and Complementary Practices Policy (NICPP) in 2006. However, there are still gaps in the general setting of these practices. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the implementation, access and use of ICPs in the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) after the establishment of this policy. We performed an integrative literature review, guided by the question: "What is the current setting of implementation, access and use of ICPs within the SUS?", in the Virtual Health Library (BVS), the U.S. National Library of Medicine and in the Web of Science, with descriptors "Sistema Único de Saúde" / "Unified Health System" AND "Terapias Complementares" / "Complementary Therapies". The analysis of papers gave rise to four categories for discussion: "The ICP approach in the SUS: main practices used"; "Access to ICPs: Primary Health Care as a gateway"; "Current implementation scenario of ICPs: the preparation of health services and professionals for to implement ICPs"; "Main advances in the use of ICPs and future challenges". We have observed that ICPs are bashfully offered and that data available are scarce, despite the positive impacts on users and services that have embraced their use.

Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine in primary healthcare in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil: user perception

This is a partial analysis of the outcome of a survey looking at user perception of the institutional use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) in Florianópolis healthcare centers. Structured interviews were applied to users treated with CAM in the locations offering this option most often, using data-based theory as a theoretical-methodological reference. For the most part, the use of CAM was proposed by basic health professionals (the operators of biomedical care), initially as a preferred alternative to biomedicine. Interviewees preferred CAM, associating it to fewer side-effects. Users mentioned enhanced dialog with professionals to negotiate treatment forms. The hypothesis emerged that CAM could be the initial treatment option in a large number of cases, saving conventional treatment for subsequent use if necessary, or in some cases as the single or complementary treatment. This enables drafting an expanded flow using CAMs in primary healthcare. New studies and institutional experience are required to investigate this hypothesis, expanding the use of CAM in an ecology of institutional care.

Práticas Integrativas e Complementares na Atenção Primária à Saúde brasileira

RESUMO Apresenta-se a situação das Práticas Integrativas e Complementares (PIC) na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) brasileira, seus problemas e estratégias de enfrentamento. Foram analisados bancos de dados, legislação, normas e relatórios governamentais, confrontados com pesquisas, sobretudo o primeiro inquérito nacional independente sobre PIC. Em 2017 e 2018, 29 modalidades de PIC foram institucionalizadas no Sistema Único de Sáude (SUS). Segundo dados oficiais, elas se expandiram e foram ofertadas por 20% das equipes de APS em 2016, em 56% dos municípios, mas o inquérito encontrou oferta só em 8% deles. Tal discrepância deve-se provavelmente ao registro/divulgação dos dados: um profissional, ao registrar uma vez o exercício de uma PIC, converte seu município em ofertante nas estatísticas governamentais. Quase 80% das PIC ocorrem na APS, sendo mais comuns: práticas corporais, plantas medicinais, acupuntura e homeopatia. Há pouca regulamentação nacional da formação e prática em PIC. A maioria dos praticantes é profissional convencional da APS, por iniciativa própria, desempenhando papel de destaque na (pouca) expansão. A inserção do tema no ensino é incipiente, e há pesquisas na área, porém poucas publicações. Estratégias de institucionalização das PIC na APS envolvem estímulo federal aos municípios, via profissionais competentes, matriciamento, educação permanente e ação governamental para sua inserção na formação profissional.

Tratamento com acupuntura: avaliação multidimensional da dor lombar em gestantes

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar os efeitos da acupuntura no tratamento da dor lombar em gestantes no segundo e terceiro trimestre de gravidez. Método Estudo quase-experimental, antes e depois, realizado com gestantes de idade gestacional entre 14 e 37 semanas, que apresentavam queixa de dor lombar. Foram realizadas sessões de acupuntura, com a aplicação de pontos sistêmicos e auriculares. Para avaliação da dor, utilizou-se do questionário McGill, além do instrumento de identificação do perfil sociodemográfico, clínico e obstétrico. Resultados A técnica de acupuntura realizada em até seis sessões, em 56 gestantes com dor lombar referida, proporcionou efeitos positivos favoráveis à saúde das participantes. Segundo a avaliação de mensuração da dor, houve redução estatisticamente significante na dor lombar das gestantes logo a partir da segunda sessão e diminuição gradativa com os avançar do número de sessões. Não houve eventos adversos graves relacionados à acupuntura. Conclusão A acupuntura ofereceu significativos efeitos para a redução ou o alívio da dor nas gestantes. As participantes denotaram satisfação e bem-estar ao sair de cada sessão.

[Community vegetable gardens as a health promotion activity: an experience in Primary Healthcare Units]

Urban and peri-urban agriculture (UPA) is being practiced in different settings, contributing to the improvement of health in communities and healthier environments. In order to identify the meanings and implications of the practice of UPA in Primary Healthcare Units (PHU) as an activity of health promotion (HP), and to what extent its therapeutic dimension characterizes it as an activity aligned with complementary and integrative practices (CIP), a qualitative cross-sectional study was performed in Embu das Artes, State of São Paulo. From the analysis, the following main themes arose: health concept, health outcomes, the return to traditional practices and habits and the reorientation of health services. It was possible to identify the close link between the cultivation of vegetable gardens and HP guidelines and fields of action, such as creating healthier environments, boosting community actions, developing personal skills, stimulating autonomy and empowerment and demands for the reorientation of services. The garden activities, set up in PHU areas, proved to be an implementation strategy of CIP. The conclusion reached is that vegetable gardening activities in community gardens are seen to be health promotion practices that integrate key elements of CIP.

[An integrative review of drug utilization by the elderly in primary health care]

OBJECTIVE

To identify knowledge produced about drug utilization by the elderly in the primary health care context from 2006 to 2014.

METHOD

An integrative review of the PubMed, LILACS, BDENF, and SCOPUS databases, including qualitative research papers in Portuguese, English, and Spanish. It excluded papers with insufficient information regarding the methodological description.

RESULTS

Search found 633 papers that, after being subjected to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, made up a corpusof 76 publications, mostly in English and produced in the United States, England, and Brazil. Results were pooled in eight thematic categories showing the current trend of drug use in the elderly, notably the use of psychotropics, polypharmacy, the prevention of adverse events, and adoption of technologies to facilitate drug management by the elderly. Studies point out the risks posed to the elderly as a consequence of changes in metabolism and simultaneous use of several drugs.

CONCLUSION

There is strong concern about improving communications between professionals and the elderly in order to promote an exchange of information about therapy, and in this way prevent major health complications in this population.