Factors associated with undernourishment among people 20 years old or over with HIV/AIDS, attending public health services in the São Paulo municipality, Brazil

ICNP® Diagnoses of People Living with AIDS, and Empirical Indicators

OBJECTIVE

To analyze the association between the empirical indicators and ICNP® nursing diagnoses in people living with AIDS, as well as to identify the predictive indicators for the establishment of these diagnoses.

METHOD

A cross-sectional study with 120 people living with AIDS, in a hospital in Northeastern Brazil, conducted from August to September 2015, following the steps: identification and validation of Empirical Indicators; preparation and validation of the ICNP® Nursing Diagnoses; and analysis of the association between the Empirical Indicators and the Nursing Diagnoses resulting from the two previous steps. To analyze the data, we used logistic regression.

RESULTS

74 Empirical Indicators were identified, being 31 of which were validated. 55 diagnoses were elaborated and 19 were validated, of which 16 were associated with the Empirical Indicators, identifying 31 predictors.

CONCLUSION

The diagnoses presented significant associations with the Empirical Indicators. In addition, it was observed that the predictive factors of these diagnoses involved the human responses and complications related to the disease, which should be considered during the care provided by the nurse.

Undernutrition and associated factors among HIV-positive adult patients enrolled in antiretroviral therapy (ART) clinics in the Arba Minch area, southern Ethiopia

Background: Undernutrition constitutes an important threat to the success of HIV programs in sub-Saharan Africa, and failure to effectively address it may jeopardize the benefits gained so far in the fight against HIV. The aim of the study was to assess undernutrition and associated factors among HIV-positive adult patients enrolled in antiretroviral therapy (ART) clinics in Arba Minch area, south Ethiopia. Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 2017. There were 351 adult individual study participants who were enrolled in ART clinics in Arba Minch area public health facilities. Variables with P-value less than 0.25 on binary logistic regression analysis were entered into a multivariate logistic regression model to outline the independent predictors of undernutrition. CI of 95% was used to assess precision of the study. Results: Out of all the participants, 18.23% (95% CI: 14.52-22.65) were undernourished. The prevalence of undernutrition was significantly lower among those consuming food from five or more food groups per day (AOR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.16-0.71) and undergoing ART for more than a year (AOR: 0.24; 95% CI: 0.08-0.73). On the contrary, the prevalence was significantly higher among those who were currently smoking tobacco (AOR: 6.67; 95% CI: 1.45-30.76). In addition, those with WHO clinical stage 3 had a significantly higher prevalence of undernutrition compared to those with WHO clinical stage 1 (AOR: 311; 95% CI: 1.47-6.60). Conclusion: The prevalence of undernutrition was high among adults with HIV/AIDS enrolled in ART clinics in the study area. The prevalence of undernutrition was lower among those who consumed diverse food groups and had been receiving ART for longer (more than a year). On the contrary, the prevalence of undernutrition was higher among those who consumed tobacco and with higher WHO clinical stage. Therefore, efforts should be made to enhance the dietary diversity of these individuals.