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Ejtahed HS, Mardi P, Hejrani B, Mahdavi FS, Ghoreshi B, Gohari K, Heidari-Beni M, Qorbani M. Association between junk food consumption and mental health problems in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:438. [PMID: 38867156 PMCID: PMC11167869 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05889-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety and depression can seriously undermine mental health and quality of life globally. The consumption of junk foods, including ultra-processed foods, fast foods, unhealthy snacks, and sugar-sweetened beverages, has been linked to mental health. The aim of this study is to use the published literature to evaluate how junk food consumption may be associated with mental health disorders in adults. METHODS A systematic search was conducted up to July 2023 across international databases including PubMed/Medline, ISI Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane, Google Scholar, and EMBASE. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed by two independent reviewers. Heterogeneity across studies was assessed using the I2 statistic and chi-square-based Q-test. A random/fixed effect meta-analysis was conducted to pool odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios (HRs). RESULTS Of the 1745 retrieved articles, 17 studies with 159,885 participants were suitable for inclusion in the systematic review and meta-analysis (seven longitudinal, nine cross-sectional and one case-control studies). Quantitative synthesis based on cross-sectional studies showed that junk food consumption increases the odds of having stress and depression (OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.06 to 1.23). Moreover, pooling results of cohort studies showed that junk food consumption is associated with a 16% increment in the odds of developing mental health problems (OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.24). CONCLUSION Meta-analysis revealed that consumption of junk foods was associated with an increased hazard of developing depression. Increased consumption of junk food has heightened the odds of depression and psychological stress being experienced in adult populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh-Sadat Ejtahed
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parham Mardi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Bahram Hejrani
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sadat Mahdavi
- Student Research Committee, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Shahid Rajaei Educational & Medical Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Behnaz Ghoreshi
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Kimia Gohari
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Motahar Heidari-Beni
- Department of Nutrition, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Mazloomi SN, Talebi S, Mehrabani S, Bagheri R, Ghavami A, Zarpoosh M, Mohammadi H, Wong A, Nordvall M, Kermani MAH, Moradi S. The association of ultra-processed food consumption with adult mental health disorders: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of 260,385 participants. Nutr Neurosci 2023; 26:913-931. [PMID: 36094005 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2022.2110188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies examining the relationship between ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption and the risk of mental health disorders. METHODS The ISI Web of Science, PubMed/MEDLINE, and Scopus databases were searched without date restriction until 28 December 2021. Data were extracted from 26 studies, including 260,385 participants from twelve countries. Risk ratios for mental health disorders were pooled by a random-effects model. RESULTS Meta-analyses suggested that UPF consumption was associated with an increased risk of depression (RR = 1.28; 95% CI: 1.19, 1.38; I2 = 61.8%; p = 0.022) but not anxiety (RR = 1.35; 95% CI: 0.86, 2.11; I2 = 77.8%; p = 0.198). However, when analyzed for the dietary assessment method, UPF consumption was significantly associated with an enhanced risk of depression among studies utilizing food frequency questionnaires (RR = 1.31; 95% CI: 1.21, 1.41; I2 = 60.0%; p < 0.001) as opposed to other forms of dietary recall approaches. Additionally, for every 10% increase in UPF consumption per daily calorie intake, 11% higher risk of depression (RR = 1.11; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.17; I2 = 88.9%; p < 0.001) was observed among adults. Dose-response analysis further emphasized a positive linear association between UPF consumption with depression risk (p-nonlinearity = 0.819, p-dose-response = p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that UPF consumption is related to an enhanced depressive mental health status risk. There may be different causes for this increased risk, and further studies are needed to investigate if there is a causal relationship between consumption of UPF and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyadeh Narges Mazloomi
- The Health of Plant and Livestock Products Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Food and Drug Administration, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Sepide Talebi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sanaz Mehrabani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Bagheri
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Abed Ghavami
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Zarpoosh
- General Practitioner, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alexei Wong
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Marymount University, Arlington, VA, United States
| | - Michael Nordvall
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Marymount University, Arlington, VA, United States
| | - Mohammad Ali Hojjati Kermani
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajjad Moradi
- Nutritional Sciences Department, School of Nutritional Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Prospective association of confectionery intake with depressive symptoms among Japanese workers: the Furukawa Nutrition and Health Study. Br J Nutr 2022; 128:139-144. [PMID: 34380580 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521003056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
High intake of sweet foods such as cakes, cookies, chocolate and ice cream has been reported to be associated with depressive symptoms. However, prospective studies are scarce and no study has been conducted in Asian populations. We prospectively investigated the association between confectionery intake and depressive symptoms in a Japanese working population. Participants were 911 workers (812 men and 99 women; aged 19-68 years) without depressive symptoms at baseline who completed a 3-year follow-up survey. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated self-administered diet history questionnaire. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale. Multiple logistic regression was used to estimate the OR of depressive symptoms according to tertile of confectionery intake with adjustment for covariates. At the time of the 3-year follow-up survey, 153 (16·8 %) workers were newly identified as having depressive symptoms (CES-D score ≥ 16). Confectionery intake was significantly associated with increased odds of developing depressive symptoms. The multivariable-adjusted OR of depressive symptoms for the highest v. lowest tertile of confectionery intake was 1·72 (95 % CI 1·03, 2·86) after adjustment for covariates including dietary factors such as folate, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, n-3 PUFA, Mg, Zn and soft drink (Pfor trend = 0·012). Our results suggest that confectionery intake is associated with a higher risk of depressive symptoms in a Japanese working population predominantly comprised of men.
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Sturmer J, Franken DL, Ternus DL, Henn RL, Dias-da-Costa JS, Olinto MTA, Paniz VMV. Dietary pattern as a predictor of multimorbidity patterns: A population-based cross-sectional study with women. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 51:452-460. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.06.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Silva DR, Collings P, Araujo RHO, Barboza LL, Szwarcwald CL, Werneck AO. Correlates of screen-based behaviors among adults from the 2019 Brazilian National Health Survey. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:2289. [PMID: 34911519 PMCID: PMC8672534 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-12340-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate correlates of TV viewing and other types of screen-based behaviors in a nationally representative sample of Brazilian adults. In the 2019 Brazilian National Health Survey (including 88,509 adults), TV viewing time and other types of screen behaviors (computer, tablet, and cellphone use) were self-reported and different geographical, sociodemographic, behavioral, and health status factors were investigated as potential correlates. Multinomial logistic regression models were used for the main analyses. Living in capital cities, urban areas, being unemployed, high consumption of soft drinks, obesity, and elevated depressive symptoms were each associated with more TV viewing and more time using other types of screens. There were differential associations between TV viewing and the use of other types of screen across age and socioeconomic variables. For instance, younger adults have a more diverse portfolio of screen time than older adults. To conclude, levels of screen-based behaviors vary by geographical, sociodemographic, behavioral, and health status characteristics. Interventions should focus on high-risk population groups and may benefit from targeting specific sedentary behaviors of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo R Silva
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe - UFS, Avenida Marechal Rondon, s/no, Rosa Elze, São Cristóvão, SE, CEP 49100-000, Brazil.
| | - Paul Collings
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Raphael H O Araujo
- Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Luciana L Barboza
- Graduation Program in Physical Education, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Brazil
| | - Célia L Szwarcwald
- Instituto de Comunicação e Informação Científica e Tecnológica em Saúde (ICICT), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - André O Werneck
- Center for Epidemiological Research in Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Werneck AO, Silva DRD, Malta DC, Souza-Júnior PRBD, Azevedo LO, Barros MBDA, Szwarcwald CL. Lifestyle behaviors changes during the COVID-19 pandemic quarantine among 6,881 Brazilian adults with depression and 35,143 without depression. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2020; 25:4151-4156. [PMID: 33027351 DOI: 10.1590/1413-812320202510.2.27862020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Our aim was to analyze the association between previously diagnosed lifetime depression and changes in physical activity (PA), TV-viewing, consumption of fruits and vegetables as well as frequency of ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption. Data of 41,923 Brazilian adults (6,881 with depression and 35,042 without depression) were used. Participants reported PA (≥ 150 min/week), TV-viewing (≥ 4 h/day), frequency of eating fruits or vegetables (≤ 4 days/week) and UPF (≥ 5 days/week). For incidence indicators, we only considered participants without the risk behavior before the quarantine. People without and with depression presented, respectively, incidence of physical inactivity [70.1% (95%CI: 67.4-72.8) vs 76.3 (70.3-81.5)], high TV-viewing [31.2 (29.6-32.8) vs 33.9 (30.5-37.4)], low frequency of fruit or vegetable consumption [28.3 (25.8-31.0) vs 31.5 (26.1-37.5)] and elevated frequency of UPF consumption [9.7 (8.9-10.7) vs 15.2 (13.0-17.7)]. Participants with depression were more likely to present elevated frequency of UPF consumption incidence [OR:1.49 (95%CI:1.21-1.83)]. Thus, participants with previous diagnosis of depression were at risk for incidence of unhealthy diet behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Oliveira Werneck
- Departamento de Nutrição, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo. Av. Dr. Arnaldo 715, Cerqueira César. 01246-904 São Paulo SP Brazil.
| | | | - Deborah Carvalho Malta
- Departamento de Enfermagem Materno-Infantil e Saúde Pública, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Otávio Azevedo
- Instituto de Comunicação e Informação Científica e Tecnológica em Saúde, Fiocruz. Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | | | - Célia Landmann Szwarcwald
- Instituto de Comunicação e Informação Científica e Tecnológica em Saúde, Fiocruz. Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
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