[Excessive alcohol intake and dissatisfaction with body image among adolescents and young adults in a municipality in Bahia State, Brazil]

Weight misperception and substance use: Brazilian Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA)

BACKGROUND

Adolescence is a crucial period for body image formation. Weight misperception is the discrepancy between individuals' body weight perception and their actual nutritional status. Both weight concerns and substance use are common among adolescents, and there is evidence of an associations between these two variables. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the association between weight misperception and substance use (smoking and alcohol) in a national sample of normal weight Brazilian adolescents.

METHODS

Data were obtained from the Brazilian Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA), a cross-sectional, multicenter, national, school-based survey, carried out in 124 municipalities with more than 100,000 inhabitants from Brazil. The sample included adolescents aged 12-17 years, classified as normal weight by nutritional status evaluation. The following measures were collected: weight underestimation and overestimation (exposure); having tried cigarette smoking, current smoking, current alcohol consumption, binge drinking and current smoking and alcohol consumption(outcomes); macro-region, sex, type of school, and excessive screen time (confounders). The frequency of variables was calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Poisson regression models were used to estimate prevalence ratios (PR).

RESULTS

In total, data from 53,447 adolescents were analyzed. Weight misperception was present in a third of the adolescents, with similar prevalence of weight underestimation and overestimation. In adolescents aged 12-14 years, weight underestimation and overestimation were associated with having tried cigarette smoking (PR: 1.18 and 1.43, respectively), current alcohol consumption (PR: 1.33 for both weight misperception categories), and binge drinking (PR: 1.96 and 2.01, respectively). Weight underestimation was associated with both having tried cigarette smoking and current alcohol consumption in boys (PR: 1.14 and 1.16, respectively) and girls (PR: 1.32 and 1.15, respectively). In girls, weight overestimation was associated with all substance use variables (PR between 1.19 and 1.41).

CONCLUSIONS

Our results showed an association between weight misperception and having tried cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and binge drinking in younger adolescents. In addition, weight overestimation was associated with all substance use indicators in girls. Based on our findings, interventions aimed to improve weight perception in normal weight adolescents may contribute to the reduction of substance use in this population.

Body dissatisfaction, drug use, and associated factors among adolescents in three Brazilian cities

OBJECTIVE

analyze the association between drug use and body dissatisfaction among adolescents in three Brazilian cities.

METHOD

cross-sectional study, using a nested randomized controlled trial to evaluate the drug use prevention program #TamoJunto2.0 of the Ministry of Health in Brazilian schools. The sample consisted of 5,213 students from 73 schools in three Brazilian cities. The outcome body satisfaction was analyzed using the Stunkard scale and the explanatory variables were drug use and sociodemographic data.

RESULTS

the adolescents were between 12 and 14 years old; about 69.9% of them reported body dissatisfaction, and 35.67% used alcohol in the previous year. Dissatisfaction due to overweight was higher among girls (41.5%) and dissatisfaction due to underweight was higher among boys (33.1%). Adolescents who used marijuana were 39% (OR=1.39) more likely to feel dissatisfied due to underweight and being a girl increased the chances of feeling dissatisfied due to overweight by 24% (OR=1.24).

CONCLUSION

the levels of body dissatisfaction deserve attention in hebiatric nursing care and reinforce the importance of educational strategies addressing body image and drug use, relating them to the various subjective attributes that can affect the health of adolescents, whether in the community or at school.

(1) High prevalence of body dissatisfaction related to overweight. (2) Girls presented 24% more chances of feeling body dissatisfaction due to overweight. (3) Marijuana use in adolescence can increase by 39% body dissatisfaction due to underweight. (4) Last year, about 35.7% of adolescents had already consumed alcohol. (5) Health promotion and stimulation of positive perceptions of self-image.

Characterization of adolescent sexual practices

OBJECTIVE

to characterize adolescents' sexual practices and their association with sociodemographic variables, sources of information and behavioral habits.

METHOD

a descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study conducted with 85 adolescents from public elementary and high schools in a city in the state of São Paulo. Data were collected through a structured, self-administered and anonymous questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using the χ2 test and Fisher's test.

RESULTS

21.2% had started their sexual life through oral sex, with a predominance of females (94.4%), self-reported brown color (55.0%). The practice of vaginal sex was reported in 31.8%, with a mean age of initiation at 14.5 years. The female sex was predominant (77.0%), with a self-reported brown color (40.0%). The practice of anal sex was detected in 7.1%, with a mean age of 14.4 years, prevalent in females (83.3%), with a self-reported black color (50.0%). There was an association of alcohol, drugs and tobacco use with sexual practices (p<0.05).

CONCLUSION

a diversity of sexual practices associated with substance use was detected, emphasizing the importance of the nurse's role in planning and carrying out health education interventions with adolescents and families.

(1) Analysis of the sequence and time of initiation of sexual practices, demonstrating the diversity of sexual activities performed by adolescents. (2) Family context and low openness to dialogue and its correlation with the initiation of adolescent sexual practices. (3) Behavioral habits: association of alcohol, tobacco and drug consumption by adolescents with sexual activities.

Characterization of adolescent sexual practices

OBJECTIVE

to characterize adolescents' sexual practices and their association with sociodemographic variables, sources of information and behavioral habits.

METHOD

a descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study conducted with 85 adolescents from public elementary and high schools in a city in the state of São Paulo. Data were collected through a structured, self-administered and anonymous questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using the χ2 test and Fisher's test.

RESULTS

21.2% had started their sexual life through oral sex, with a predominance of females (94.4%), self-reported brown color (55.0%). The practice of vaginal sex was reported in 31.8%, with a mean age of initiation at 14.5 years. The female sex was predominant (77.0%), with a self-reported brown color (40.0%). The practice of anal sex was detected in 7.1%, with a mean age of 14.4 years, prevalent in females (83.3%), with a self-reported black color (50.0%). There was an association of alcohol, drugs and tobacco use with sexual practices (p<0.05).

CONCLUSION

a diversity of sexual practices associated with substance use was detected, emphasizing the importance of the nurse's role in planning and carrying out health education interventions with adolescents and families.

(1) Analysis of the sequence and time of initiation of sexual practices, demonstrating the diversity of sexual activities performed by adolescents. (2) Family context and low openness to dialogue and its correlation with the initiation of adolescent sexual practices. (3) Behavioral habits: association of alcohol, tobacco and drug consumption by adolescents with sexual activities.

Intervenciones de prevención sobre el consumo de alcohol en jóvenes universitarios

Introducción: La ingesta de alcohol está condicionada por aspectos individuales y culturales. Objetivo: Identificar el efecto de intervenciones realizadas en el contexto latinoamericano sobre pautas de consumo o factores de riesgo asociados al consumo de alcohol en jóvenes universitarios. Materiales y Métodos: Revisión sistemática a partir de la pregunta PICO, Se realizó búsqueda desde abril a agosto del 2020 en las bases de PubMed, CUIDEN, BVS, Scielo, Google Scholar y Repositorios Gubernamentales. Se utilizaron descriptores DeCS y MeSH, en español, inglés y portugués con los operadores AND y OR. Criterios de elegibilidad: estudios experimentales y cuasi experimentales publicados entre 2014 y 2020. Se obtuvieron 49 artículos, la lectura crítica permitió seleccionar 8 a los cuales se les aplicaron las escalas AMSTAR2, TREND y CONSORT quedando 6 artículos para análisis. Según la Resolución 008430/93, Artículo10, se consideró como investigación sin riesgo. Resultados: Intervenciones unicomponente reportaron efectos sobre creencias conductuales, actitudes, conocimiento de la sustancia, rendimiento académico, menor frecuencia de consumo y no conducir bajo efectos del alcohol. Las intervenciones multicomponente disminuyen en 3.03% el riesgo de consumo y reportan percepción positiva respecto a la utilidad de las actividades desarrolladas, satisfacción de expectativas, satisfacción general, calidad de materiales empleados, asistencia y puntualidad. Discusión: Los estudios sugieren implementar nuevas intervenciones, estrategias y políticas en salud primaria para promover una transformación social, educativa y sanitaria que generen un impacto favorable para mitigar la problemática actual de consumo de alcohol en jóvenes universitarios. Conclusiones: Esta revisión sistemática permitió sintetizar y valorar la evidencia disponible frente a intervenciones unicomponente y multicomponente realizadas en el contexto latinoamericano y del caribe que modifican positivamente factores de riesgo y pautas de consumo en jóvenes universitarios.

Cross-cultural adaptation of body image assessment instruments for university students: a systematic review

The theoretical-methodological process of cross-cultural adaptation of scales is fundamental for the expansion of research possibilities related to a given area and population, as instrument adequacy allows for the consistent assessment of the construct being studied. This article aims to highlight the different theoretical-methodological processes of cross-cultural adaptations of scales for assessing body image among young university students. The articles were selected in February 2020, with the following search descriptors: ("body image") and (young or "college students" or graduating or graduat *) and ("cross-cultural validation" or "cross-cultural adaptation"), in three databases-Scopus, PsycINFO, and Web of Science, without any time restrictions. Altogether, 304 studies were surveyed on the different bases mentioned above, and 14 studies published between 2010 and 2019 were evaluated. This study highlighted the methodological procedures used in the process of cross-cultural adaptation, as well as the population, the types of validity and reliability, and also the main limitations, strengths, and results reported in each study included in this review. The information presented in this review will allow new researchers to make more appropriate choices about instruments for assessing body image in young university students, in addition to presenting the methodological evolution on this theme.