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Azeredo-da-Silva AF, Zanotto BS, Martins F, Navarro N, Alencar R, Medeiros C. Health care accessibility and mobility in breast cancer: a Latin American perspective. BMC Health Serv Res 2024; 24:764. [PMID: 38918823 PMCID: PMC11197349 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-024-11222-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Latin America (LATAM) encompasses a vast region with diverse populations. Despite publicly funded health care systems providing universal coverage, significant socioeconomic and ethno-racial disparities persist in health care access across the region. Breast cancer (BC) incidence and mortality rates in Brazil are comparable to those in other LATAM countries, supporting the relevance of Brazilian data, with Brazil's health care policies and expenditures often serving as models for neighboring countries. We evaluated the impact of mobility on oncological outcomes in LATAM by analyzing studies of patients with BC reporting commuting routes or travel distances to receive treatment or diagnosis. METHODS We searched MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, LILACS, and Google Scholar databases. Studies eligible for inclusion were randomized controlled trials and observational studies of patients with BC published in English, Portuguese, or Spanish and conducted in LATAM. The primary outcome was the impact of mobility or travel distance on oncological outcomes. Secondary outcomes included factors related to mobility barriers and access to health services. For studies meeting eligibility, relevant data were extracted using standardized forms. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Quantitative and qualitative evidence synthesis focused on estimating travel distances based on available data. Heterogeneity across distance traveled or travel time was addressed by converting reported travel time to kilometers traveled and estimating distances for unspecified locations. RESULTS Of 1142 records identified, 14 were included (12 from Brazil, 1 from Mexico, and 1 from Argentina). Meta-analysis revealed an average travel distance of 77.8 km (95% CI, 49.1-106.48) to access BC-related diagnostic or therapeutic resources. Nonetheless, this average fails to precisely encapsulate the distinct characteristics of each region, where notable variations persist in travel distance, ranging from 88 km in the South to 448 km in the North. CONCLUSION The influence of mobility and travel distance on access to BC care is multifaceted and should consider the complex interplay of geographic barriers, sociodemographic factors, health system issues, and policy-related challenges. Further research is needed to comprehensively understand the variables impacting access to health services, particularly in LATAM countries, where the challenges women face during treatment remain understudied. TRIAL REGISTRATION CRD42023446936.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruna Stella Zanotto
- HTAnalyze Consultoria e Treinamento Ltda, Rua João Abbott, 109, Petrópolis, Porto Alegre, RS, 90460-150, Brazil
| | - Flavia Martins
- Produtos Roche Químicos e Farmacêuticos S/A, Rua Doutor Rubens Gomes Bueno, 691, Santo Amaro, São Paulo, SP, 04730-000, Brazil
| | - Nádia Navarro
- Produtos Roche Químicos e Farmacêuticos S/A, Rua Doutor Rubens Gomes Bueno, 691, Santo Amaro, São Paulo, SP, 04730-000, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Alencar
- Produtos Roche Químicos e Farmacêuticos S/A, Rua Doutor Rubens Gomes Bueno, 691, Santo Amaro, São Paulo, SP, 04730-000, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Medeiros
- Produtos Roche Químicos e Farmacêuticos S/A, Rua Doutor Rubens Gomes Bueno, 691, Santo Amaro, São Paulo, SP, 04730-000, Brazil.
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Luz FACD, Marinho EDC, Nascimento CP, Marques LDA, Delfino PFR, Antonioli RM, Araújo RAD, Silva MJB. The effect of delayed treatment in breast cancer patients: How much is too late? An experience of a single-center study effect of surgery delay in survival. Surg Oncol 2022; 44:101854. [PMID: 36122450 DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2022.101854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Proper treatment is critical for control and curative intent in breast cancer. Delays in receiving treatment can influence patients' prognoses. METHODS Retrospective, observational, single-center study based on data from medical records of 747 patients with non-metastatic invasive ductal breast carcinoma (I-III) in the initial analysis, comprising 554 patients undergoing adjuvant and 193 neoadjuvant treatment. Kaplan-Meier, Cox regression and time-dependent Cox regression were performed to obtain the predictive value of time to surgery and time to first treatment. Immortal time bias was managed and only 721 patients were included in the multivariable analysis. RESULTS During a median observation of 64.4 months, there were 140 death events and 177 disease progression events. Time to surgery (TTS) and time from completion of neoadjuvant chemotherapy to surgery (TNS) showed a significant impact on overall survival, associated with a 6% increased chance of death [HR: 1.06 (1.03-1.09), p < 0.001] and 4% [HR: 1.04 (1.00-1.09), p = 0.048] with a one-month increment, respectively. By multivariable analysis, continuous TTS had a different weight as a prognostic factor in stage IIIA/IIIB [adjusted HR: 1.249 (1.072-1.454), p = 0.004] compared to stage I/II [adjusted HR: 1.093 (1.048-1.141), p < 0.0005]. Likewise, TNS was significant after adjusting for other factors [adjusted HR: 1.092 (1.038-1.148), p = 0.001]. CONCLUSION Delay in receiving surgery with curative intent impairs the survival of patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Andrés Cordero da Luz
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Research, Uberlandia Cancer Hospital, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Laboratory of Tumor Biomarkers and Osteoimmunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Rogério Agenor de Araújo
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Research, Uberlandia Cancer Hospital, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Medical Faculty, Federal University of Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcelo José Barbosa Silva
- Laboratory of Tumor Biomarkers and Osteoimmunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Determinants of Lack of Access to Treatment for Women Diagnosed with Breast Cancer in Brazil. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19137635. [PMID: 35805293 PMCID: PMC9266036 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Access to timely treatment is essential for the probability of the cure and reduction of severe breast cancer cases. In Brazil, legislation states that cancer treatment must start within 60 days of diagnosis. This study analyzed the factors associated with lack of access to breast cancer treatment in women with a confirmed diagnosis inserted in the health system. We collected secondary data from Brazilian women with a diagnosis and without treatment from January to December 2019 through the Cancer Hospital Registers developed by the National Cancer Institute. Our findings indicate that most women (60.11%) are diagnosed with stage II cancer but are without treatment. Most of them are aged 18–70 years, non-white race/color, have a low educational level and are from the Southeast Brazilian region. In addition, social inequalities are determinant in women’s lack of access to breast cancer treatment.
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Campos AAL, Guerra MR, Fayer VA, Ervilha RR, Cintra JRD, Medeiros IRD, Silveira MCD, Bustamante-Teixeira MT. Time to diagnosis and treatment for breast cancer in public and private health services. Rev Gaucha Enferm 2022; 43:e20210103. [PMID: 35613242 DOI: 10.1590/1983-1447.2022.20210103.en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the time to diagnosis and treatment for breast cancer and the associated factors, according to the type of care (public vs. private). METHODOLOGY Retrospective cohort study with 477 women diagnosed with breast cancer between 2014 and 2016. Data were collected in an oncology service in a municipality in Minas Gerais, in the 2018-2019 period. Analyzes were performed using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox's proportional regression model. RESULTS The median time to diagnosis was 70 days, being shorter for women who discovered the disease through screening tests and who were diagnosed in early stages of the disease. The median time for treatment was 32 days, which was shorter for women assisted by private health service, with a high level of education and who were diagnosed in early stages. CONCLUSIONS Private care and facilitators of access to breast cancer care were associated with shorter waiting times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Atala Lombelo Campos
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva. Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Maximiliano Ribeiro Guerra
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva. Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Vívian Assis Fayer
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Núcleo de Assessoria, Treinamentos e Estudos em Saúde. Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Rafaela Russi Ervilha
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva. Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | | | - Iara Renault de Medeiros
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Faculdade de Medicina. Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | | | - Maria Teresa Bustamante-Teixeira
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva. Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brasil
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Campos AAL, Guerra MR, Fayer VA, Ervilha RR, Cintra JRD, Medeiros IRD, Silveira MCD, Bustamante-Teixeira MT. Tempo para diagnóstico e tratamento do câncer de mama na assistência pública e privada. Rev Gaucha Enferm 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1983-1447.2022.20210103.pt] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar o tempo para o diagnóstico e tratamento do câncer de mama e os fatores associados, segundo o tipo de assistência (pública vs. privada). Métodos: Coorte retrospectiva com 477 mulheres diagnosticadas com câncer de mama entre 2014-2016. Os dados foram coletados em um serviço de oncologia de um município de Minas Gerais, entre 2018-2019. As análises foram realizadas pelo método de Kaplan-Meier e pelo modelo de regressão de Cox. Resultados: O tempo mediano para diagnóstico foi de 70 dias, sendo menor para aquelas que descobriram a doença por exames de rastreamento e diagnosticadas em estádios iniciais. O tempo mediano para o tratamento foi de 32 dias, sendo menor para as mulheres assistidas pela rede privada, com alta escolaridade e diagnosticadas em estádios iniciais. Conclusões: Assistência na rede privada e facilitadores do acesso ao cuidado do câncer de mama associaram-se a menores tempos de espera.
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Nunes MI, Campo SAPBM, Santos Junio LA, Lago EC, Almeid CAPL, Ribeiro IP. Validation of a Booklet on the Use of BI-RADS® in Mammography Examination. Open Nurs J 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1874434602115010358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
The
Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System
(BI-RADS
®
) is an international classification developed to systematize breast assessment, exam interpretation, and the preparation of reports of specific breast imaging exams.
Objective:
The objective of this study was to validate with experts a booklet directed to medical and nursing professionals in the Family Health Strategy on the categorization of Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System in order to describe the reports of mammography.
Methods:
This was a technology-validation study of the methodological-development type. The evaluation was performed with 11 experts, including seven radiologists and four mastologists, four men and seven women, with a mean age of 45 years, meantime of being in the profession of 22 years, and an average 15 years of working experience of in the field.
Results:
The individual, mean, and global Content Validity Index (CVI) was calculated. The booklet was validated with a CVI of 0.89. The suggestions of the experts were analyzed, and some of them were implemented for the final version of the booklet.
Conclusion:
The booklet was validated and will contribute significantly to the daily activities of medical and nursing professionals in the Family Health Strategy in relation to the interpretation of the mammographic report and the orientation regarding the referral, agility, and qualification of the patient to the specialized service.
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