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Martinez-Castillo M, Ramírez-Rico G, Shibayama M, de la Garza M, Serrano-Luna J. Lactoferrin and Lysozyme Inhibit the Proteolytic Activity and Cytopathic Effect of Naegleria fowleri Enzymes. Pathogens 2024; 13:44. [PMID: 38251351 PMCID: PMC10819050 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Naegleria fowleri is a ubiquitous free-living amoeba that causes primary amoebic meningoencephalitis. As a part of the innate immune response at the mucosal level, the proteins lactoferrin (Lf) and lysozyme (Lz) are secreted and eliminate various microorganisms. We demonstrate that N. fowleri survives the individual and combined effects of bovine milk Lf (bLf) and chicken egg Lz (cLz). Moreover, amoebic proliferation was not altered, even at 24 h of co-incubation with each protein. Trophozoites' ultrastructure was evaluated using transmission electron microscopy, and these proteins did not significantly alter their organelles and cytoplasmic membranes. Protease analysis using gelatin-zymograms showed that secreted proteases of N. fowleri were differentially modulated by bLf and cLz at 3, 6, 12, and 24 h. The bLf and cLz combination resulted in the inhibition of N. fowleri-secreted proteases. Additionally, the use of protease inhibitors on bLf-zymograms demonstrated that secreted cysteine proteases participate in the degradation of bLf. Nevertheless, the co-incubation of trophozoites with bLf and/or cLz reduced the cytopathic effect on the MDCK cell line. Our study suggests that bLf and cLz, alone or together, inhibited secreted proteases and reduced the cytopathic effect produced by N. fowleri; however, they do not affect the viability and proliferation of the trophozoites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moises Martinez-Castillo
- Liver, Pancreas and Motility Laboratory, Unit of Research in Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Autonomous National University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 06720, Mexico;
| | - Gerardo Ramírez-Rico
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (G.R.-R.); (M.d.l.G.)
- Faculty of Professional Studies Cuautitlan, Autonomous National University of Mexico, Mexico City 54714, Mexico
| | - Mineko Shibayama
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Mireya de la Garza
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (G.R.-R.); (M.d.l.G.)
| | - Jesús Serrano-Luna
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (G.R.-R.); (M.d.l.G.)
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Naveed M, Wang Y, Yin X, Chan MWH, Aslam S, Wang F, Xu B, Ullah A. Purification, Characterization and Bactericidal Action of Lysozyme, Isolated from Bacillus subtillis BSN314: A Disintegrating Effect of Lysozyme on Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031058. [PMID: 36770725 PMCID: PMC9919333 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, lysozyme was purified by the following multi-step methodology: salt (ammonium sulfate) precipitation, dialysis, and ultrafiltration. The lysozyme potential was measured by enzymatic activity after each purification step. However, after ultrafiltration, the resulting material was considered extra purified. It was concentrated in an ultrafiltration centrifuge tube, and the resulting protein/lysozyme was used to determine its bactericidal potential against five bacterial strains, including three gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis 168, Micrococcus luteus, and Bacillus cereus) and two gram-negative (Salmonella typhimurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) strains. The results of ZOI and MIC/MBC showed that lysozyme had a higher antimicrobial activity against gram-positive than gram-negative bacterial strains. The results of the antibacterial activity of lysozyme were compared with those of ciprofloxacin (antibiotic). For this purpose, two indices were applied in the present study: antimicrobial index (AMI) and percent activity index (PAI). It was found that the purified lysozyme had a higher antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus (AMI/PAI; 1.01/101) and Bacillus subtilis 168 (AMI/PAI; 1.03/103), compared to the antibiotic (ciprofloxacin) used in this study. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to determine the bactericidal action of the lysozyme on the bacterial cell. The purified protein was further processed by gel column chromatography and the eluate was collected, its enzymatic activity was 21.93 U/mL, while the eluate was processed by native-PAGE. By this analysis, the un-denatured protein with enzymatic activity of 40.9 U/mL was obtained. This step shows that the protein (lysozyme) has an even higher enzymatic potential. To determine the specific peptides (in lysozyme) that may cause the bactericidal potential and cell lytic/enzymatic activity, the isolated protein (lysozyme) was further processed by the SDS-PAGE technique. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed different bands with sizes of 34 kDa, 24 kDa, and 10 kDa, respectively. To determine the chemical composition of the peptides, the bands (from SDS-PAGE) were cut, enzymatically digested, desalted, and analyzed by LC-MS (liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry). LC-MS analysis showed that the purified lysozyme had the following composition: the number of proteins in the sample was 56, the number of peptides was 124, and the number of PSMs (peptide spectrum matches) was 309. Among them, two peptides related to lysozyme and bactericidal activities were identified as: A0A1Q9G213 (N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase) and A0A1Q9FRD3 (D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase). The corresponding protein sequence and nucleic acid sequence were determined by comparison with the database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Naveed
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yadong Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xian Yin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Malik Wajid Hussain Chan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Campus Gulshan-e-Iqbal, Karachi 75300, Pakistan
| | - Sadar Aslam
- Department of Biological Science, University of Baltistan, Skardu 16400, Pakistan
| | - Fenghuan Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
- Correspondence: (F.W.); (B.X.)
| | - Baocai Xu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
- Correspondence: (F.W.); (B.X.)
| | - Asad Ullah
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
- Food and Marine Resources Research Center, Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Laboratories Complex, Karachi 75280, Pakistan
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Revisiting Periodontal Disease in Dogs: How to Manage This New Old Problem? Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11121729. [PMID: 36551385 PMCID: PMC9774197 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11121729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease (PD) is one of the most prevalent oral inflammatory diseases in dogs. PD onset begins with the formation of a polymicrobial biofilm (dental plaque) on the surface of the teeth, followed by a local host inflammatory response. To manage this disease, several procedures focusing on the prevention and control of dental plaque establishment, as well as on the prevention of local and systemic PD-related consequences, are essential. The removal of dental plaque and the inhibition of its formation can be achieved by a combination of dental hygiene homecare procedures including tooth brushing, the application of different oral products and the use of specific diet and chew toys, and regular professional periodontal procedures. Additionally, in some cases, periodontal surgery may be required to reduce PD progression. Associated with these measures, host modulation therapy, antimicrobial therapy, and other innovative therapeutic options may be useful in PD management. Moreover, PD high prevalence and its relation with potential local and systemic consequences reinforce the need for investment in the development of new preventive measures, treatments, and oral procedures to improve the control of this disease in dogs. Knowledge on the specific guidelines and diversity of the available products and procedures are fundamental to apply the most adequate treatment to each dog with PD.
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Ferraboschi P, Ciceri S, Grisenti P. Applications of Lysozyme, an Innate Immune Defense Factor, as an Alternative Antibiotic. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:1534. [PMID: 34943746 PMCID: PMC8698798 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10121534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysozyme is a ~14 kDa protein present in many mucosal secretions (tears, saliva, and mucus) and tissues of animals and plants, and plays an important role in the innate immunity, providing protection against bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Three main different types of lysozymes are known: the c-type (chicken or conventional type), the g-type (goose type), and the i-type (invertebrate type). It has long been the subject of several applications due to its antimicrobial properties. The problem of antibiotic resistance has stimulated the search for new molecules or new applications of known compounds. The use of lysozyme as an alternative antibiotic is the subject of this review, which covers the results published over the past two decades. This review is focused on the applications of lysozyme in medicine, (the treatment of infectious diseases, wound healing, and anti-biofilm), veterinary, feed, food preservation, and crop protection. It is available from a wide range of sources, in addition to the well-known chicken egg white, and its synergism with other compounds, endowed with antimicrobial activity, are also summarized. An overview of the modified lysozyme applications is provided in the form of tables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Ferraboschi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Via C. Saldini 50, 20133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Samuele Ciceri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy;
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ARICAN B, SAZAK ÖVEÇOĞLU H. In Vitro Comparison of the Antimicrobial Effects of Different Root Canal Medicaments on Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans. CUMHURIYET DENTAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.7126/cumudj.912285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Luo J, Feng Z, Jiang W, Jiang X, Chen Y, Lv X, Zhang L. Novel lactotransferrin-derived synthetic peptides suppress cariogenic bacteria in vitro and arrest dental caries in vivo: [Novel lactotransferrin-derived anticaries peptides]. J Oral Microbiol 2021; 13:1943999. [PMID: 34234894 PMCID: PMC8216265 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2021.1943999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of the study was to design and synthesise novel lactotransferrin-derived antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) with enhanced antibacterial activity against cariogenic bacteria. Methods: We obtained the LF-1 (WKLLRKAWKLLRKA) and LF-2 (GKLIWKLLRKAWKLLRKA) AMPs, based on the N-terminal functional sequence of lactotransferrin, and characterised their physicochemical properties and secondary structure. Their antibacterial activity against caries-associated bacteria was evaluated using bacterial susceptibility and time-killing assays, as well as transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The antibiofilm activity against Streptococcus mutans biofilms was determined using biofilm susceptibility assays and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). A rodent model of dental caries was adopted to evaluate their anticaries effectiveness in vivo. Results: Both peptides possessed an α-helical structure with excellent amphipathicity. LF-1 was effective against S. mutans and Actinomyces species, whereas LF-2 showed more potent antibacterial activity than LF-1 against a broader spectrum of tested strains. Both peptides inhibited the formation of S. mutans biofilm starting at 8 μmol/L and exerted effective eradication of S. mutans in preformed biofilms. Both peptides exhibited satisfactory biocompatibility and exerted significant anticaries effects in a rodent model. Conclusion s: Both lactotransferrin-derived peptides displayed strong antimicrobial activity against cariogenic bacteria and S. mutans biofilm in vitro and effectively inhibited dental caries in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyuan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zening Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wentao Jiang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuelian Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohui Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Linglin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Al-Mogbel MS, Menezes GA, Elabbasy MT, Alkhulaifi MM, Hossain A, Khan MA. Effect of Synergistic Action of Bovine Lactoferrin with Antibiotics on Drug Resistant Bacterial Pathogens. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57040343. [PMID: 33918198 PMCID: PMC8066137 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57040343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The multidrug resistant (MDR) bacterial pathogenic infection is one of the chief worldwide public health threat to humanity. The development of novel antibiotics against MDR Gram negative bacteria has reduced over the last half century. Research is in progress regarding the treatment strategies that could be engaged in combination with antibiotics to extend the duration of these life-saving antibacterial agents. The current study was therefore planned to assess the synergistic effects of bovine lactoferrin (bLF) in combination with different antibiotics that are conventionally used. This synergism would provide a newer therapeutic choice against MDR pathogens. LF is present in mucosal secretions, vastly in milk. LF is considered an important constituent in host defense. In previous reports, LF has been co-administered as a combination antibiotic therapy. Materials and Methods: This study included synergistic (LF + appropriate antibiotic) exposure against 147 locally encountered bacterial pathogens, which were completely characterized strains. The anti-biofilm effects and the outcome of bLF on minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of antibacterials on clinical MDR bacterial pathogens were determined by standard techniques. Results: In our study, synergism of bLF with antibacterial agents were reproducible and found to be significant. LF on its own had an important effect of inhibiting the biofilm production of some significant bacterial pathogens. Conclusion: The results of this study provides useful data on the antibacterial potential of the combination of LF with antibiotics against drug resistant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S. Al-Mogbel
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Ha’il University, Ha’il P.O. Box 2240, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Godfred A. Menezes
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, RAK College of Medical Sciences (RAKCOMS), Central Research Laboratory (CRL), RAK Medical & Health Sciences University (RAKMHSU), Ras al Khaimah P.O. Box 11172, United Arab Emirates;
- Correspondence: or
| | - Mohamed T. Elabbasy
- College of Public Health and Centre for Molecular Diagnostics and Personalized Therapeutics (CMDxPT), Ha’il University, Ha’il P.O. Box 2240, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Manal M. Alkhulaifi
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh P.O. Box 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ashfaque Hossain
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, RAK College of Medical Sciences (RAKCOMS), Central Research Laboratory (CRL), RAK Medical & Health Sciences University (RAKMHSU), Ras al Khaimah P.O. Box 11172, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Mushtaq A. Khan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates;
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Vimal A, Kumar A. Antimicrobial potency evaluation of free and immobilized l-asparaginase using chitosan nanoparticles. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Laputková G, Schwartzová V, Bánovčin J, Alexovič M, Sabo J. Salivary Protein Roles in Oral Health and as Predictors of Caries Risk. Open Life Sci 2018; 13:174-200. [PMID: 33817083 PMCID: PMC7874700 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2018-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This work describes the current state of research on the potential relationship between protein content in human saliva and dental caries, which remains among the most common oral diseases and causes irreversible damage in the oral cavity. An understanding the whole saliva proteome in the oral cavity could serve as a prerequisite to obtaining insight into the etiology of tooth decay at early stages. To date, however, there is no comprehensive evidence showing that salivary proteins could serve as potential indicators for the early diagnosis of the risk factors causing dental caries. Therefore, proteomics indicates the promising direction of future investigations of such factors, including diagnosis and thus prevention in dental therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Laputková
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of P. J. Šafárik in Košice, Trieda SNP 1, Košice, 040 11, Slovakia
| | - Vladimíra Schwartzová
- 1st Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of P. J. Šafárik in Košice, Trieda SNP 1, Košice, 040 11, Slovakia
| | - Juraj Bánovčin
- Department of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of P. J. Šafárik in Košice, Rastislavova 43, Košice, 041 90, Slovakia
| | - Michal Alexovič
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of P. J. Šafárik in Košice, Trieda SNP 1, Košice, 040 11, Slovakia
| | - Ján Sabo
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of P. J. Šafárik in Košice, Trieda SNP 1, Košice, 040 11, Slovakia
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Hemadi AS, Huang R, Zhou Y, Zou J. Salivary proteins and microbiota as biomarkers for early childhood caries risk assessment. Int J Oral Sci 2017; 9:e1. [PMID: 29125139 PMCID: PMC5775330 DOI: 10.1038/ijos.2017.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Early childhood caries (ECC) is a term used to describe dental caries in children aged 6 years or younger. Oral streptococci, such as Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sorbrinus, are considered to be the main etiological agents of tooth decay in children. Other bacteria, such as Prevotella spp. and Lactobacillus spp., and fungus, that is, Candida albicans, are related to the development and progression of ECC. Biomolecules in saliva, mainly proteins, affect the survival of oral microorganisms by multiple innate defensive mechanisms, thus modulating the oral microflora. Therefore, the protein composition of saliva can be a sensitive indicator for dental health. Resistance or susceptibility to caries may be significantly correlated with alterations in salivary protein components. Some oral microorganisms and saliva proteins may serve as useful biomarkers in predicting the risk and prognosis of caries. Current research has generated abundant information that contributes to a better understanding of the roles of microorganisms and salivary proteins in ECC occurrence and prevention. This review summarizes the microorganisms that cause caries and tooth-protective salivary proteins with their potential as functional biomarkers for ECC risk assessment. The identification of biomarkers for children at high risk of ECC is not only critical for early diagnosis but also important for preventing and treating the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah S Hemadi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruijie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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LIPS A, ANTUNES LS, ANTUNES LA, PINTOR AVB, SANTOS DABD, BACHINSKI R, KÜCHLER EC, ALVES GG. Salivary protein polymorphisms and risk of dental caries: a systematic review. Braz Oral Res 2017; 31:e41. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2017.vol31.0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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A peptide from human β thymosin as a platform for the development of new anti-biofilm agents for Staphylococcus spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 32:124. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-016-2096-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Moslemi M, Sattari M, Kooshki F, Fotuhi F, Modarresi N, Khalili Sadrabad Z, Shadkar MS. Relationship of Salivary Lactoferrin and Lysozyme Concentrations with Early Childhood Caries. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2015; 9:109-14. [PMID: 26236438 PMCID: PMC4517303 DOI: 10.15171/joddd.2015.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims. Lysozyme and lactoferrin are salivary proteins which play an important role in innate defense mechanisms against bacteria. This study investigated the association of salivary lysozyme and lactoferrin concentrations with early childhood caries (ECC). Materials and methods. This study was carried out on 42 healthy children (age range, 36 to 71 months), of whom 21 were caries free (CF) and 21 had ECC. Disposable needle-less syringes were used to collect unstimulated saliva from buccal and labial vestibules. Fifteen children who had ECC were treated completely and their saliva was collected in the same way for the second time, three months after treatment. Lysozyme and lactoferrin concentrations were measured and recorded by the ELISA method. The intergroup comparisons were carried out using chi-square, Student's t-test and Wilcoxon signed ranked test. A P-value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results. The mean concentration of lysozyme was significantly higher in CF group compared with that of ECC group (P = 0.04). Although the mean concentration of lactoferrin in ECC group was higher in comparison with ECC group, the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.06). After dental treatment, the mean concentrations of lysozyme and lactoferrin did not change in comparison with their concentrations before treatment. Conclusion. ECC may have a relationship with lower concentrations of unstimulated salivary lactoferrin and lysozyme and reduced amounts of these two salivary proteins may be a risk factor for dental caries in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Moslemi
- Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mandana Sattari
- Professor, Department of Immunology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Kooshki
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Fotuhi
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Yazd University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Khalili Sadrabad
- Post-graduate Student, Department Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Paracentrin 1, a synthetic antimicrobial peptide from the sea-urchin Paracentrotus lividus, interferes with staphylococcal and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation. AMB Express 2014; 4:78. [PMID: 25401078 PMCID: PMC4230904 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-014-0078-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The rise of antibiotic-resistance as well as the reduction of investments by pharmaceutical companies in the development of new antibiotics have stimulated the investigation for alternative strategies to conventional antibiotics. Many antimicrobial peptides show a high specificity for prokaryotes and a low toxicity for eukaryotic cells and, due to their mode of action the development of resistance is considered unlikely. We recently characterized an antimicrobial peptide that was called Paracentrin 1 from the 5-kDa peptide fraction from the coelomocyte cytosol of the Paracentrotus lividus. In this study, the chemically synthesized Paracentrin 1, was tested for its antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties against reference strains of Gram positive and Gram negative. The Paracentrin 1 was active against planktonic form of staphylococcal strains (reference and isolates) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442 at concentrations ranging from 12.5 to 6.2 mg/ml. The Paracentrin 1 was able to inhibit biofilm formation of staphylococcal and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains at concentrations ranging from 3.1 to 0.75 mg/ml. We consider the tested peptide as a good starting molecule for novel synthetic derivatives with improved pharmaceutical potential.
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