Participation of adolescents in the Family Health Strategy from the theoretical-methodological structure of an enabler to participation

Association between contextual factors and coverage of the Acwy meningococcal vaccine, after three years of its overdue, in the vaccination calendar of adolescents in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil: global space regressions

The objective of the study was to analyze the spatial distribution of vaccination coverage of bacterial meningitis vaccine: A, C, W and Y (menacwy) and identify the association between socioeconomic and social environment factors with menacwy vaccine coverage among adolescents in the state of Minas Gerais (MG), Brazil. This is an ecological, mixed study, conducted with secondary data from the 853 municipalities of the State of MG, Brazil, from 2020 to 2022, provided by the information system of the National Immunization Program. For spatial statistical analysis, spatial dependence and the presence of spatial clusters formed by municipalities with high and low vaccination coverage of Menacwy were evaluated. In the year 2021, MG presented the largest vaccination coverage (60.58%) since the introduction of the Menacwy vaccine by the PNI. Regarding the analysis of global regressions, it is observed that for the year 2020, as the MG Index of Social Responsibility-Health increased and MG Index of Social Responsibility-Public Security increased, increased the vaccination coverage of the municipalities of the Menacwy vaccine. Finally, compared to 2021, similar association was observed in relation to the proportion of the population served by the Family Health Strategy of the municipalities of the state of MG and per capita spending on education activities: as this indicator increased, with increased coverage of the Vaccine of the Menacwy vaccine of the state municipalities. They reinforce the importance of assessing the quality-of-care management and health surveillance system, professional training, and damage reduction to populations, especially adolescents.

[Validation of the logical model of the National Policy for Comprehensive Health Care for Adolescents in Socio-Educational Care (Pnaisari)]

This research involves a descriptive and exploratory study, using documentary analysis, application of a questionnaire and focus group activity for elaboration and validation of a logical model of the National Policy for Comprehensive Health Care for Adolescents in Socio-Educational Care (Pnaisari). The implementation of the policy aims to guarantee access to health care for this population group. Thus, the scope of this study is to describe the stages of development and the results of the process of elaboration and validation of the logical model of Pnaisari. In terms of results, the validated Logic Model exalted the inter-sectoral and inter-federative articulation as a central and fundamental element for the implementation of the policy. As a way to improve the model, the recommendation is to insert the inputs involved in the actions, highlight mental health actions, describe the actors involved in the stages and organize the products and results into tangible goals, separating the result from the impact. Despite the challenges facing its implementation, all municipalities of the country should implement Pnaisari, since it is the Unified Health System's policy for adolescents and young people deprived of liberty.

Family and community guidance in adolescence: assessment in the family health strategy

Objective:

to evaluate family and community guidance in adolescence, within the scope of Primary Health Care.

Method:

an evaluative and descriptive study with a quantitative approach, developed through the application of the Primary Care Assessment Instrument (PCATool), with 70 professionals from the Family Health Strategy and 140 adolescents from the widerange areas. Data collection took place in Basic Health Units and in the adolescents’ homes in a municipality of southern Brazil, from May to September 2019. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics using ANOVA and Tukey’s test, performed using the R Studio software.

Results:

there was divergence in the assessment of the attributes of family and community guidance between users and responsible professionals, showing weaknesses in the communication process and in the formation of the care bond in this reality, with impacts on quality of care.

Conclusion:

there was a need for continued assessment of the care practice in primary health care, as well as for permanent education with a focus on increasing qualification of care for adolescents.

A PROMOÇÃO À SAÚDE NA EXPERIÊNCIA DE JOVENS PROMOTORES DA SAÚDE

O presente artigo se baseia em uma pesquisa de mestrado profissional e tem por objetivo conhecer e analisar a experiência de jovens e adolescentes que participam de um projeto de promoção à saúde, voltado ao público jovem e adolescente. A experiência de promoção à saúde e de vivência da adolescência e da juventude pelos participantes do projeto é abordada pela técnica do grupo focal. Realiza-se análise das narrativas, indicando a maneira como os participantes enfrentam os impasses inerentes a esta etapa da vida e a função que o grupo ocupa para eles nesta empreitada. Os resultados apontam que a experiência no grupo atua como estímulo para o aumento da capacidade narrativa entre os participantes, que percebem melhora nas formas de comunicação e de relação, como fonte de construção de um laço afetivo entre os participantes, constituindo-se como importante fator de suporte social e como possibilidade de estreitamento de laço com a unidade de saúde e com os profissionais que nela atuam. Destaca-se ainda a importância de sustentação por parte dos profissionais de saúde da função da alteridade junto aos jovens e adolescentes, de modo a garantir a circulação da palavra e a manutenção de um diálogo aberto e franco com eles.

Sheltered adolescents’ background of exposure to violence and distressful experiences

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the exposure to violence and distressful experiences lived by adolescents in institutional shelters in the city of Rio de Janeiro (previous to their admittance). Methods: a cross-sectional study carried out in public institutional shelter units, with a sample of 72 adolescents aged between 12 and 18 years. Data on sociodemographic aspects, family relationships and distressful experiences were obtained by means of the Parcours Amoureux des Jeunes instrument, validated for use in Brazil. Statistical analysis included estimates of prevalence and 95% confidence intervals. Results: high magnitudes of distressful experiences and overlapping abuses lived by adolescents were observed, especially violent events (72.2%), social exclusion (59.1%), and sexual harassment (48.6%). Conclusions: the study shows that adolescents under institutional sheltering come from a background of severe and frequent distressful experiences. These took place in multiple environments: family (prior to their institutional reception), community, and group.

Percepção de barreiras e facilitadores dos usuários para participação em programas de promoção da atividade física

Resumo: No Brasil, a atividade física é eixo prioritário das ações de promoção da saúde no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). O presente estudo tem como objetivo descrever o perfil dos usuários, as barreiras e os facilitadores para participação em programas para promoção de atividades físicas na atenção básica à saúde. Trata-se de um estudo transversal com abrangência estadual realizado nos municípios de Pernambuco. Foram entrevistados de 2 a 21 indivíduos, por município, por meio de instrumento previamente testado e validado nas dimensões: sociodemográfica; estado de saúde; participação; informações sobre o programa; motivos de participação; facilitadores para a prática; barreiras para a prática e preferência de atividades. Foram realizadas análises descritivas e inferenciais (qui-quadrado). A amostra foi de 1.153 usuários, sendo 35,9% com idade entre 41-59 anos; 90,1% residentes em áreas urbanas; 58,2% dos usuários participavam das atividades há, pelo menos, um ano. A frequência semanal de 3-4 dias foi de 44,9%, e 71,1% praticavam atividades de uma hora ou mais. Observou-se que 40% das barreiras para a participação nos programas de atividade física e 77,5% dos facilitadores relatados foram de domínio intrapessoal. A barreira mais prevalente foi “condição atual de saúde”, e o facilitador foi “ter uma condição melhor de saúde”. As mulheres percebem mais barreiras do que os homens. Conclui-se que as barreiras e os facilitadores de domínio intrapessoal, relacionados com a saúde, são os fatores envolvidos na manutenção e no engajamento dos usuários dos programas e intervenções para promoção da atividade física desenvolvidos pela atenção básica à saúde do Estado de Pernambuco.

Saúde sexual e reprodutiva dosadolescentes: percepções dos profissionais emenfermagem

Objetivo: conhecer como é percebida e abordada a saúde sexual e reprodutiva dos adolescentes pelos enfermeiros na atenção primária à saúde.Materiais e métodos: estudo qualitativo do tipo descritivo, realizado no primeiro semestre de 2018. Participaram nove enfermeiros vinculados às Estratégias Saúde da Família de um município do sul do Brasil. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas e os dados foram estudados segundo a análise de conteúdo temática. Resultados: evidenciou-se que persiste uma visão reducionista sobre a saúde sexual e reprodutiva na atenção primária à saúde. As estratégias para abordar tal tema abarcam a compreensão das experiências dos adolescentes acerca da sexualidade por meio do estímulo à autonomia, do acolhimento da demanda espontânea, das consultas de enfermagem, dos grupos educativos e da abordagem no contexto escolar.Conclusão: os profissionais necessitam atuar na promoção da saúde sexual e reprodutiva e identificar os problemas dessa população, conferindo-lhe visibilidade no serviço de saúde. É importante repensar as práticas junto ao adolescente, sendo necessário criar espaços apropriados e relacionar a família e a escola.

Perspectiva de jovens com diabetes sobre intervenção educativa na rede social Facebook®

Resumo Objetivo Apreender a perspectiva de jovens com diabetes mellitus sobre a participação em um grupo de estimulo ao autocuidado na rede social Facebook®. Métodos Estudo descritivo e exploratório, junto a 35 jovens com diabetes mellitus tipo 1 que participaram de um grupo no Facebook®. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista semi-esturuada e após submetidos à análise de conteúdo, modalidade temática. Resultados Foram identificadas três categorias: assistência convencional oferecida aos jovens com diabetes mellitus; vantagens da utilização do Facebook® para inovação da assistência à saúde, e espírito de comunidade e fortalecimento a partir do Facebook®, as quais mostram que, na perspectiva de jovens com diabetes, a participação no grupo favoreceu o desenvolvimento do espírito de comunidade e o fortalecimento de vínculo entre os pares, além de auxiliar no processo de aceitação da doença e na formação de uma rede de suporte. Além disso, observou-se avaliação positiva sobre a participação, uma vez que os jovens manifestaram o desejo de que outros grupos com características semelhantes fossem implementados. Conclusão Ações educativas na rede social Facebook® são bem aceitas por jovens e pode constituir uma estratégia importante para aproximá-los dos serviços de saúde e auxiliá-los nas ações de autocuidado.

Assessment of the attribute "Community Orientation" from the perspective of primary care adult users

OBJECTIVE

To assess the presence and extension of the attribute "Community Orientation" of Primary Health Care from the perspective of health services adult users from the Municipality of Juazeiro do Norte-CE.

METHODS

Quantitative, cross-sectional and evaluative study, carried out in 14 Basic Health Units, from October 2016 to June 2017, using the Primary Care Assessment Tool.

RESULTS

The attribute assessment was negative, reaching expressive negative responses in the seven districts, with a mean score of 3.8 (±3.8). The Raw Score (RS) reached a mean of 6.6 and the Derived Score (DS) was assigned a score of 6.4, below the cut-off point ≥ 6.60.

CONCLUSION

The low value of the DS represents that units are not providers of PHC, suggesting fragility in the integration of services with the community and the need to promote greater discussion among agents, when designing measures of intervention and improvement of scores.

National Policy for Comprehensive Health Care for Adolescents Deprived of Liberty: an analysis of its implementation

The realization of the right to health of adolescents and young people deprived of their liberty in Brazil is a complex task that places us before health inequities and interventions on their social determinants of health. Therefore, this study sought to contribute to a discussion about the right to health of this population, based on the analysis of the implementation of the Comprehensive Healthcare Policy for Adolescent Offenders (PNAISARI). This is an analytical approach, using documentary analysis of legal frameworks and policy monitoring and evaluation data. In short, the results suggest that the policy strengthens the realization of the right to health of this population. However, its implementation must be promoted and qualified so that access to health care is, in fact, a reality in all states and municipalities.

ATTENTION ON CONTRACEPTION BY FAMILY HEALTH TEAMS: CONVERGENCE OF EDUCATIONAL AND INVESTIGATIONAL PRACTICES

ABSTRACT Objective: to build health actions in conjunction with Family Health teams to improve contraceptive care. Method: a qualitative research, in the convergent care modality, with theoretical and methodological support from the Paideia Support. Data collection was performed through semi-structured interviews and convergence groups. The research participants belonged to five Health Centers in the city of Florianópolis, Brazil. The empirical material was organized and coded through the webQDA software. Data analysis followed the four generic processes: apprehension, synthesis, theorization and transference. Results: the analysis of the semi-structured interviews allowed the elaboration of proposals to improve contraceptive care and the convergence groups provided opportunities for education and awareness on the theme of contraceptive care. The first strategy used in the convergence groups was the presentation of inserts with the proposed actions to improve contraceptive care, allowing the participants of the groups to validate the actions (or not). The second strategy used Therapeutic Dolls to create scenes that contextualize contraceptive care in the daily services, allowing the recognition of two categories for analysis: the vulnerability profile of the users who demand contraceptive care; and the possibilities for perfecting this attention. Conclusion: the Family Health teams are betting on actions aimed at guaranteeing the access of users, especially adolescents, to sexual and reproductive health services.

Adolescent support networks in a health care context: the interface between health, family and education

AbstractOBJECTIVEAnalyze adolescents' perceptions about support networks and their health needs.METHODAnalytical and interpretive study using focus groups conducted in municipal state schools in Fortaleza, in the State of Ceará during the first semester of 2012. The sample comprised 36 male and female adolescents aged between 13 and 16 years attending the ninth grade of the second phase of elementary school.RESULTSThematic analysis revealed that the health care support network and interaction between health professionals, education professionals and family members was insufficient, constituting a lack of an integrated network to enable and provide support for health promotion.CONCLUSIONCoordination between education, health and family services has the potential to act as a support network to help meet adolescents' healthcare needs and demands.