Prevalência de transtornos mentais comuns e fatores associados entre idosos de um município do Brasil

Association between vitamin D insufficiency and depressive symptoms, and functional disability in community-dwelling Brazilian older adults: results from ELSI-Brazil study

Low serum 25(OH)D levels (< 30 nmol/L) have been associated with increased depressive symptom scores over time, and it is believed that functionality may play a mediating role in the relationship between 25(OH)D and depressive symptoms. To comprehend the association between these factors could have significant implications for public health policy. The aim of this study was to verify the association between simultaneous vitamin D insufficiency and depressive symptoms, and functional disability in community-dwelling older adults. This was a cross-sectional study with data from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil), collected between 2015 and 2016. The outcomes were functional disability assessed through basic activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). The exposures were vitamin D insufficiency (< 30 nmol/L) and depressive symptoms (≥ 4 points in 8-item version of the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression). Crude and adjusted Poisson regression was performed to estimate associations. A total of 1781 community-dwelling older adults included in this study, 14.6% had disability in ADL and 47.9% in IADL; 59.7% had vitamin D insufficient levels, and 33.2% depressive symptoms. The concomitant presence of vitamin D insufficient and depressive symptoms increased the prevalence of ADL by 2.20 (95% CI: 1.25; 3.86) and IADL by 1.54 (95% CI: 1.24; 1.91), respectively. Therefore, preventive strategies to keep older adults physically and socially active, with a good level of vitamin D, are essential to avoid depression and functional disability.

Perspectives of Brazilian Primary Care Nurses on Mental Health Care for Hypertensive Older Adults: A Qualitative Study

Population longevity has been growing globally. In developing countries such as Brazil, the impact of this reality is enormous. The aging process is challenging for the healthcare system, making individuals more susceptible to chronic health conditions and mental health-related diseases. Primary healthcare (PHC) providers must be able to accompany older adults with their singularities in their work processes. This study aims to understand PHC nurses' perspectives on the mental health care of hypertensive older adults. This is a study with a qualitative approach, using in-depth interviews and a focus group with 16 nurses from the five Brazilian municipalities with the highest number of older adults. The themes that emerged from the data collection were possibilities of PHC, characterization of PHC, and mental health care in PHC. The study findings contribute to the knowledge base on how PHC nurses provide care to hypertensive older adults and which weaknesses they should overcome in their work environment. The different ways providers have been developing strategies to improve their care should be encouraged, improved, and systematized.

Social distancing, emotional suffering, and cognitive performance in mature and older adults: a literature review

Variables related to social distancing can have negative effects on the emotional well-being and cognition of adults and the elderly.

Objective

The aim of this study was to analyze the available studies that address the relationship between situations of social distancing, socioemotional aspects, and cognition in the lives of mature and older adults.

Methods

A literature review study was carried out between December 2021 and January 2022, involving the SciELO, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases, with studies published between February 2018 and December 2021.

Results

A total of 754 studies were identified, and after selection, 18 were included. Notably, 16 showed significant effects of social distancing on cognition and socioemotional aspects, that is, the greater the social distancing, the lower the capacity for cognitive performance and the higher the index of symptoms of depression and anxiety, for example.

Conclusions

Greater engagement in social activities and a closer contact with friends and family are protective factors against symptoms of depression and anxiety and cognitive decline.

Sintomatologia depressiva e mortalidade em idosos da América Latina: uma revisão sistemática com metanálise

Objetivo.

Averiguar a associação entre sintomatologia depressiva e mortalidade em idosos da América Latina.

Métodos.

Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática com metanálise de estudos indexados nas bases PubMed, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus e Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS). O estudo foi registrado na base PROSPERO (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews) e estruturado de acordo com o referencial metodológico PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). A metanálise foi realizada usando modelos de efeitos aleatórios, e os dados analisados incluíram as medidas de risco relativo (RR) bruto e heterogeneidade, com estimativas pontuais e intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%).

Resultados.

Cinco estudos, realizados no Brasil e no México, foram incluídos na metanálise, abrangendo 8 954 idosos. O RR para mortalidade na presença de sintomatologia depressiva foi de 1,44 (IC95%: 1,16; 1,78). A heterogeneidade encontrada foi de 80,87%. As metarregressões mostraram que quanto maior a proporção de mulheres nas amostras dos estudos, maior o risco de mortalidade associada à sintomatologia depressiva, e quanto maior o tempo de acompanhamento do estudo, menor o risco de mortalidade associada à sintomatologia depressiva.

Conclusão.

A presença de sintomatologia depressiva associou-se positivamente à mortalidade em idosos latino-americanos, com RR de óbito 44% maior em relação aos idosos sem sintomatologia depressiva. As principais limitações do estudo foram o pequeno número de trabalhos encontrados na revisão sistemática e a variação entre as escalas utilizadas para determinar a presença de sintomatologia depressiva.

Mental health services accessibility for women and men: A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

INTRODUCTION

Mental and behavioral disorders constitute a serious public health problem and require adequate access among women and men for promotion, prevention and treatment of mental illness.

METHODS AND ANALYSIS

For the writing of this protocol we will use the guidelines of the PRISMA-P Checklist (Main Items for Reporting Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyzes). This protocol was registered under the number: CRD42021243263. To this end, research will be conducted in the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL and ScienceDirect databases in search of cross-sectional studies that assess the prevalence of access to mental health services among women and men. All cross-sectional studies that examined the prevalence of mental health services accessibility among women and men will be included. The search will be conducted by two independent researchers who will identify the articles; they will exclude duplicate studies. Through a blinded assessment, they will select articles using the Rayyan QCRI application. The methodological quality of the included studies will be assessed by the Joanna Briggs Institute Checklist for Analytical Cross-Sectional Studies. Meta-analyses will be performed according to the conditions of the included data.

ETHICS AND DISCLOSURE

For the development of this study, there is no need for ethical review, as this is a systematic review that will use secondary studies. The conclusions of this study will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations and condensed abstracts to key stakeholders and partners in the field. The database search is scheduled to start on May 10th, 2021. The entire review process is expected to be completed by August 30th, 2021.

Factors associated with common mental disorders among farmers in a medium-sized municipality in Northeastern Brazil

OBJECTIVE

To identify the prevalence and factors associated with common mental disorders among farmers living in a medium-sized municipality in Northeastern Brazil between 2019 and 2020.

METHODS

Trained interviewers applied the standardized questionnaire in 450 participants. Sociodemographic, health, income and working characteristics were assessed. The screening of common mental disorders was performed using the Self-Reporting Questionaire, with the cutoff point ≥ 7 for women and ≥ 5 for men. Poisson regression with robust estimation was applied to verify the prevalence ratios in the bivariate and multivariate analysis.

RESULTS

The prevalence of common mental disorders among farmers was 55.1% (95%CI: 50.4–59.6). The variables that remained significant and associated with common mental disorders were: men (PR = 1.7), > 60 years old (PR = 0.5), poor or very poor self-assessment of health (PR = 1.4), previous mental health treatment (PR = 1.2), alcohol abuse (PR = 1.2) and loss of production (PR = 1.3).

CONCLUSION

These results indicate that common mental disorders are associated with individual factors and with the farmers’ context of life and work, which shows the importance of social, economic and health services support to this group of workers.

Mental health promotion and protection actions aimed at the elderly in the context of primary health care: an integrative review

The increase in the elderly population requires rethinking the organization of society, especially health services. The aim was to analyze actions aimed at promoting and protecting the mental health of the elderly in the context of primary health care, through an integrative review. The databases used were: Lilacs, Scopus, IBECS, Medline, CINAHL, BDENF and Index Psicologia. The descriptors used were "elderly", "health promotion", "mental health" and "primary health care". The final sample included 15 articles. The results indicate that group actions contribute to the reduction of depressive symptoms; health education in the perspective of active learning, aiming at health literacy and memory workshop strengthening spaces for socialization. Matrix support is highlighted as an indispensable tool for new mental health practices. We conclude that the moment is right for expanding the scope of actions offered to the elderly in psychological distress. Efforts have been detected in the production of care aiming at integrality, which is still incipient.

Mental health promotion and protection actions aimed at the elderly in the context of primary health care: an integrative review

Abstract The increase in the elderly population requires rethinking the organization of society, especially health services. The aim was to analyze actions aimed at promoting and protecting the mental health of the elderly in the context of primary health care, through an integrative review. The databases used were: Lilacs, Scopus, IBECS, Medline, CINAHL, BDENF and Index Psicologia. The descriptors used were “elderly”, “health promotion”, “mental health” and “primary health care”. The final sample included 15 articles. The results indicate that group actions contribute to the reduction of depressive symptoms; health education in the perspective of active learning, aiming at health literacy and memory workshop strengthening spaces for socialization. Matrix support is highlighted as an indispensable tool for new mental health practices. We conclude that the moment is right for expanding the scope of actions offered to the elderly in psychological distress. Efforts have been detected in the production of care aiming at integrality, which is still incipient.

Evaluation of Quality of Life of Primary Health Care Patients in Brazil: Influence of Drug Interactions, Common Mental Disorders, and Use of Psychiatric Medication

The objectives of this study were to identify the interaction between drug interaction risk, common mental disorders, use of psychiatric medication and quality of life in patients treated in primary health care settings in Brazil. In this quantitative research, 452 patients were interviewed in ten basic Brazilian health units. Sociodemographic and pharmacotherapeutic questionnaires, use of psychiatric medication, prevalence of common mental disorders, and quality of life were utilised. The structural equation model was used to evaluate the relationships among the variables. The prevalence of drug interaction risk was 66.59%. The variables associated with drug interaction risk were polypharmacy and income. The use of psychiatric medication was associated with diagnosis of common mental disorders, income and gender. The use of psychiatric medication and common mental disorders negatively influenced quality of life.

Is self-esteem associated with the elderly person’s quality of life?

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the association between self-esteem and quality of life in the elderly. Methods: Cross-sectional web survey developed with 519 elderly people. Participants filled out three data collection instruments developed on the Google Forms platform and widely disseminated through all of Brazil. Fisher’s exact test, Mann-Whitney, Pearson correlation, and linear regression with 95% confidence interval were used. Results: Self-esteem was associated with all quality-of-life facets: sensory skills [β= 1.307; p<0.001]; autonomy [β= 2.101; p<0.001]; past, present, and future activities [β= 2.486; p<0.001]; social presence [β= 2.547; p<0.001]; death and dying [β= 2.175; p<0.001]; and intimacy [β=2.378; p<0.001]. Conclusion: There is a positive and statistically significant association between self-esteem and quality of life in the elderly. We therefore suggest the development of local policies capable of raising this age groups’ self-esteem and reaffirming aging as a new possibility for discoveries and pleasure.

Association between common mental disorders and quality of life in older adults

OBJECTIVE

to analyze the association between common mental disorder and quality of life in older adults.

METHOD

cross-sectional study developed with a total of 721 Brazilian older adults between July and October 2020. Participants completed three instruments to assess bio sociodemographic, mental health and quality of life data. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis H, Chi-square, Pearson correlation and multivariate linear regression tests, considering a 95% confidence interval (p < 0.05) for all analyses.

RESULTS

among the four components that assess common mental disorder, only three remained associated with negative coefficients with the participants' general quality of life: depressive-anxious mood (β = -2.050; [CI95% = -2.962 - -1.137]; p < 0.001); decrease in vital energy (β = -1.460; [CI95% = -2.197 - -0.723]; p < 0.001) and depressive thoughts (β = -4.124; [CI95% = -5.211- -3.038]; p < 0.001).

CONCLUSION

most components that assess common mental disorders are negatively associated with quality of life, that is, the increase in these disorders resulted in a reduction in the quality of life of older adults.

Validity and reliability of Kessler Psychological Distress Scale for Brazilian elderly: a cross-sectional study

OBJECTIVE

to verify the validity and reliability of the Psychological Distress Scale for screening mental distress.

METHODS

a cross-sectional study with 75 elderly people. Psychological Distress scale and Self Reporting Questionnaire were used. Criterion validity was verified using Spearman's correlation and diagnostic accuracy measures. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to investigate reliability.

RESULTS

the total internal consistency of the Psychological Distress Scale was α=0.844. Concurrent validity between this instrument and the Self Reporting Questionnaire was ρ=0.722 (p<0.001). The best cut-off point for screening mental distress among elderly people was a total score greater than 14, with sensitivity equal to 75.47% and specificity equal to 85.0%.

CONCLUSIONS

the scale was robust for screening mental distress, given its high reliability, in terms of homogeneity, and adequate criterion validity, whose best cut-off point for screening was a score greater than 14.

[Epidemiology of Common Mental Disorders among women in the rural zones of Rio Grande, RS, Brazil]

The scope of this study is to describe the prevalence and the factors associated with common mental disorders in women aged 18 to 49, residents in the rural zone of the municipality of Rio Grande-RS. A cross-sectional study was carried out with data collection conducted in 2017. A systematic sampling process of the residences of the rural area of the municipality was utilized. The General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) was used to track common mental disorders. Crude and adjusted Poisson regression was used to estimate the prevalence ratios (PR) and respective 95% confidence intervals. The overall prevalence of Common Mental Disorders was 36.4%, being more common among women with lower levels of education, who had had an abortion and were smokers. In quantifying the occurrence and factors associated with common mental disorders in a population of women in a rural area, this study provides an original scientific contribution on the burden of this important outcome in a population that has not been studied in epidemiological surveys. The results can contribute to the health services by identifying the women most susceptible to this outcome, thus, improving the adequacy of the services offered to the health needs of rural residents.

Mental health profile of the elderly community: a cross-sectional study

OBJECTIVE

to describe the mental health profile of the elderly registered in a Family Health Unit in the city of Recife, Pernambuco State.

METHOD

it was a descriptive quantitative study, conducted with 159 elderly through the scales Geriatric Depression, Resilience, Social Support, Life Satisfaction, and Positive and Negative Affects, Mini-Mental State Examination, Stressful Events Inventory and Brazil Old Age Shedule.

RESULTS

females, young and literate elderly predominated. Most were satisfied with life, 52.2% without depressive symptoms, 68.6% without cognitive impairment, 67.9% high resilience and 95.8% high social support, but 62% of elderly with depressive symptoms showed cognitive deficit. Negative correlation was identified between depression and cognitive impairment, resilience, social support and life satisfaction.

CONCLUSION

assessment of these indicators identifies triggers of psychological distress, assisting the nursing staff in the development of preventive and care actions.

A percepção e a prática dos profissionais da Atenção Primária à Saúde sobre a Saúde Mental

A elucidação dos entraves na assistência à Saúde Mental na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) é fundamental para a melhoria dos serviços. O objetivo do estudo foi conhecer a percepção e a prática dos profissionais sobre a Saúde Mental na APS para contribuir no esclarecimento das dificuldades percebidas. Trata-se de um estudo transversal qualitativo em profissionais das equipes de Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) de Itumbiara, GO, Brasil, por meio de questionário semiestruturado, sendo realizada análise de conteúdo conforme técnica de Bardin. Foram identificadas barreiras como incapacidade em lidar com demandas de Saúde Mental, receio no contato com usuário, falta de processos de trabalho específicos para a Saúde Mental e incompreensão de como realizar o acompanhamento e a interlocução entre os serviços de saúde de forma a garantir a integralidade. O entrave principal se dá em como fazer, necessitando intervenções efetivas de Educação Permanente.

Quality of life, depressive and minor psychiatrics symptoms in nursing students

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess quality of life, prevalence of depressive and minor psychiatric symptoms in Nursing students. Methods: Cross-sectional study, conducted from March to April 2018, at a federal university. Sample composed of 242 Nursing students, from the 1st to the 8th semester. Data was collected using the quality of life instruments, Beck Depression Inventory and Self-Report Questionnaire. A significance level of 0.05 was considered. Results: The mean age was 22.9 ± 5.1 years. It was found that 25% of the students had severe depressive symptoms and 54% of the students had minor psychiatric disorders, with a higher prevalence in the first semesters. An inverse relationship was observed between the frequency of depressive symptoms and quality of life scores (p = 0.05). Conclusion: Nursing students showed a high prevalence of depressive symptoms, indicating the importance of implementing actions to promote and prevent mental health.

Prevalência de sofrimento psíquico em pessoas idosas: um estudo de base comunitária

Resumo Objetivos Verificar a prevalência do sofrimento psíquico em uma população de idosos da comunidade e analisar a sua correlação com idade, anos de escolaridade, nível socioeconômico, sexo, morbidade referida, autopercepção de saúde, autopercepção visual, autopercepção auditiva e síndromes geriátricas (fragilidade, medo de cair, capacidade funcional e quedas). Método Estudo transversal com 315 idosos, não institucionalizados, residentes em Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brasil, em 2015. Os dados foram coletados através de inquérito domiciliar e o sofrimento psíquico pode ser observado naquela população idosa com a aplicação do Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4). Para verificar a associação da variável desfecho com as variáveis explicativas, usou-se teste qui-quadrado (χ²) de Pearson. O nível de significância adotado no estudo foi de 5%. Resultados A prevalência de sofrimento psíquico entre os idosos foi de 41,8% (IC95% 36,5–47,4%). Verificou-se associação entre o PHQ-4 e sexo (ρ=0,001), morbidade referida (ρ=0,020), autopercepção de saúde (ρ<0,001), autopercepção visual (ρ=0,001), autopercepção auditiva (ρ=0,034), capacidade funcional (ρ=0,003) e fragilidade (ρ=0,000) Conclusões o sofrimento psíquico é uma condição frequente entre idosos. O conhecimento dos fatores associados a esse evento pode contribuir para um modelo de cuidado em saúde que estimule o envelhecimento ativo e saudável.