Laurindo-Teodorescu L, Teixeira PR. Histórias da aids no Brasil, 1983-2003. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde/Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde/Departamento de DST, Aids e Hepatites Virais; 2015

Preterm premature rupture of membranes: management between 28 and 34 weeks of pregnancy

Introduction: Premature rupture of membranes remains a challenge for professionals due to the high rates of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality, mainly related to complications resulting from prematurity. Objective: To analyze the scientific production about premature rupture of membranes in pregnancies above 28 weeks and below 34 weeks. Methods: Integrative literature review carried out in the Lilacs, SciELO, Medline and Cochrane Library databases, between 2014 and 2018, in Portuguese, English and Spanish, including original articles, available in full online, with free access, that addressed the study theme, using the keywords "premature rupture of ovular membranes", "premature labor" and "pregnancy complications" combined using the Boolean operators "AND" and "OR". Results: Fourteen studies were included. It was possible to highlight the main recommendations regarding preterm premature rupture of membranes, divided into six categories for discussion, namely: indications for expectant management and delivery induction, prophylactic antibiotic therapy, prenatal corticosteroids, use of tocolytics, recommendations regarding the use of magnesium sulfate and amniocentesis. Conclusion: It was identified that expectant management is the ideal approach, with constant monitoring of the pregnant woman and the fetus, in addition to the administration of prophylactic antibiotics and prenatal corticosteroids, in the face of premature rupture of membranes in pregnancies between 28 and 34 weeks in order to provide the best maternal and perinatal results, guiding health professionals to evidence-based practice.

AIDS in the meeting of the Tapajós and Amazon rivers: deaths in the period 2010-2018 in Santarém, Pará, Brazil

Introduction: The city of Santarém, the regional healthcare center in the western Pará State, lacks studies on the epidemic of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), in particular, on the causes of death. Objective: To characterize the sociodemographic and clinical profile related to the evolution of HIV infection to death. Methods: The sample consisted of 94 medical records of patients from a reference center in the city of Santarém-PA, who died between 2010-2018. Data were collected on the sociodemographic profile, immunological and clinical characteristics of the patients. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, adopting p<0.05. Results: Most deaths were male (67%), aged between 15-29 years (39%) and diagnosed between 30-44 years (41%), single (54%), mixed race (91.5%), from Santarém (77%) and with sexual intercourse being the main type of exposure (95.7%). Most patients were not being treated at the moment of death (56.4%), the main cause of death was respiratory failure (5%), in which, these individuals had, at the moment of death, TCD4+ lymphocytes <200 cell/mm3 (26%) and detectable viral load (29%). Conclusion: The lifetime from diagnosis to death was 48.45±50,30 months, and immunosuppression in the diagnosis was positively associated with the shortest survival time. However, sex was not associated with the immunological profile, age at the time of diagnosis, and death. There was only a tendency for women towards immunosuppression and detectable viral load.

Reflections on biosafety in acupuncture

Background

Acupuncture is an integrative and complementary practice for which biosafety standards are essential.

Objective

To elicit a reflection on biosafety in acupuncture to reduce occupational hazards associated with infection as adverse effect for both provider and patient.

Methods

The present theoretical essay is grounded on references intentionally selected from June through October 2019.

Results

Infection is the adverse effect most frequently reported for acupuncture practice, which involves considerable risk of microorganism inoculation. Provider awareness should be raised to comply with biosafety principles and thus ensure their and patient safety without any negative implications for the effectiveness of treatment.

Conclusion

We recommended providers to adopt universal biosafety practices during acupuncture procedures.

Functional Independence of Adults and the Elderly Attended by a Family Health Strategy in Teixeira de Freitas-BA

AbstractAging is related to several morphological and functional changes in the individuals’ body  that directly reflects on their functional independence. This affects both maintaining the ability to perform Basic Activities of Daily Living and the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living. The present study aimed to verify the level of functional independence in adults and the elderly attended by a Family Health Strategy in Teixeira de Freitas-BA. It is an observational study of transverse and descriptive design  composed of 30 participants who answered a semi-structured questionnaire and socioeconomic Functional Independence Measure instrument (MIF). Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to analyze the correlation among the variables. Through MIF it was possible to identify a total of 123.1 ± 4.47 points for the participants, which indicates complete independence in performing routine tasks. The memory factor was the component that scored lower, followed by problem resolution. A strong correlation (r = 0.71) was found between the total MIF score and the social cognition factor. Therefore, one notices the need for investments in appropriate professionals as well as improvement in public health policies in order to active and healthy aging. Keywords: Health Care (Public Health).  Aged. Activities of Daily Living. ResumoO envelhecimento está relacionado à diversas alterações morfológicas e funcionais no organismo dos indivíduos que reflete diretamente na independência funcional destes. Isso afeta tanto na manutenção da habilidade de realizar Atividades Básicas da Vida Diária quanto nas Atividades Instrumentais da Vida Diária. O presente estudo teve por objetivo verificar o nível de independência funcional em adultos e idosos atendidos por uma Estratégia Saúde da Família em Teixeira de Freitas-BA. É um estudo observacional de delineamento transversal e descritivo, foi composto por 30 participantes que responderam a um questionário socioeconômico semiestruturado e o instrumento de Medida de Independência Funcional (MIF). Para as análises foi utilizado o coeficiente de correlação de Spearman para avaliar a correlação existente entre as variáveis. Por meio da MIF foi possível identificar um total de 123,1±4,47 pontos para os participantes, o que indica a independência completa na realização de tarefas de rotina. O fator memória foi o componente que obteve menor pontuação, seguido de resolução de problemas. Constatou-se nesse estudo uma correlação forte (r=0,71) entre a pontuação total da MIF e o fator cognição social. Assim, percebe-se a necessidade de investimentos em profissionais adequados bem como melhoria nas políticas públicas de saúde a fim de promover um envelhecimento ativo e saudável. Palavras-chave: Atenção à Saúde. Idoso. Atividades Cotidianas.

As representações sociais das pessoas vivendo com HIV/AIDS sobre o uso do antirretroviral Enfuvirtida

Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa ancorada na teoria das representações sociais, cujos objetivos foram analisar as representações sociais das pessoas vivendo com HIV/AIDS sobre o uso do antirretroviral Enfuvirtida, as repercussões em sua vida cotidiana e comparar as repercussões dessa nova abordagem terapêutica,no cotidiano de pessoas que vivem com HIV/AIDS,com o esquema medicamentoso anterior.O estudo foi realizado no ambulatório de doenças infectoparasitárias de um Hospital Universitário de Minas Gerais, com oito pessoas vivendo com HIV/AIDS sob uso do antirretroviral Enfuvirtida.Para a coleta de dados,utilizou-se um roteiro semiestruturado. Na categoria de análise denominada “A adaptação ao novo – Da compreensão à habilidade no uso da enfuvirtida”, percebeu-se que os aspectos que envolvem o uso de antirretrovirais ultrapassam os benefícios de uma nova possibilidade terapêutica, umavez que os relatos mostram o desejo por uma abordagem que repercuta minimamente no estar e viver o cotidiano das pessoas. As representações dos usuários sobre a Enfuvirtida são significantes para orientar e organizar as condutas pessoais e sociais, dos profissionais, traduzindo o significado e o investimento afetivo que estas pessoas atribuem ao uso desta medicação e os hábitos que incorporam para a condução do tratamento e autocuidado.