“Tihik quando bebe Kaxmuk não tem pai, nem mãe, nem irmão”: Percepções sociais das consequências do uso da cachaça no povo indígena Maxakali/MG/Brasil

Eating habits, anthropometry, lifestyle, and hypertension of a group of non-village indigenous women in Amazon, Brazil

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to describe the anthropometric characteristics, eating habits, and lifestyle of non-village indigenous women living in Manaus, AM, and their association with hypertension.

METHODS

This cross-sectional (descriptive-analytical) study was carried out from January 2020 to December 2021 using a questionnaire for clinical, sociodemographic, and behavioral data. Non-pregnant women who belonged to Parque das Tribos for more than a year, declared themselves indigenous, and were over 18 years of age were included in the study.

RESULTS

In total, 21 ethnicities were identified, and 95 indigenous women were evaluated. The average age group was 36±12.1 years, the average height was 157 cm, and the body mass index was 28.8 kg/m2. The prevalence of systemic arterial hypertension was ±40%, and 68.5% had excess weight, with 29.1% having class I obesity. In all, 35.8% consumed a lot of salt, sugar, and industrialized foods, and 88.4% were sedentary.

CONCLUSION

Much of the sample presented excess weight, and almost all were sedentary. More than one-third had unappropriated eating habits. Hypertension was present in more than one-third of these indigenous women. There was an association between higher body mass index and hypertension. Knowing the characteristics of this group of non-village indigenous women may help determine the best health approach. The data demonstrate the necessity of preventive measures.

Representations and care practices of professionals regarding indigenous use of alcohol

Indigenous people's health in Brazil is organized by the indigenous health subsystem, structured according to that of SUS, and described in the National Policy for Health Care of Indigenous Peoples. Alcohol consumption has been regarded as a health issue among indigenous peoples. In this paper, we describe the representations attributed by health professionals concerning alcohol use among indigenous peoples, and how these influence care practices. This is a descriptive ethnographic study based on interviews and participant observation. Analysis and interpretation were made with the support of Software Atlas TI 8.0. Excessive consumption occurs in specific contexts, and professionals view alcohol use as a problem. Drinking patterns vary with ethnicity, religion, and location, thus resulting in the need to develop cultural competencies that support implementation of effective actions and that also allow for collective construction, as stipulated in the policies. A network of supporters is described, among which are indigenous leaders, traditional healers, and the Evangelical Church. The study shows the difficulties of both carrying out policies and implementing actions which correspond to the indigenous peoples' expectations, recognizing the cultural and social rationale related to alcohol use.