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Fu C, Yang T, Liao H, Huang Y, Wang H, Long W, Jiang N, Yang Y. Genome-wide identification and molecular evolution of elongation family of very long chain fatty acids proteins in Cyrtotrachelus buqueti. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:758. [PMID: 39095734 PMCID: PMC11297609 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10658-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
To reveal the molecular function of elongation family of very long chain fatty acids(ELO) protein in Cyrtotrachelus buqueti, we have identified 15 ELO proteins from C.buqueti genome. 15 CbuELO proteins were located on four chromosomes. Their isoelectric points ranged from 9.22 to 9.68, and they were alkaline. These CbuELO proteins were stable and hydrophobic. CbuELO proteins had transmembrane movement, and had multiple phosphorylation sites. The secondary structure of CbuELO proteins was mainly α-helix. A total of 10 conserved motifs were identified in CbuELO protein family. Phylogenetic analysis showed that molecular evolutionary relationships of ELO protein family between C. buqueti and Tribolium castaneum was the closest. Developmental transcriptome analysis indicated that CbuELO10, CbuELO13 and CbuELO02 genes were key enzyme genes that determine the synthesis of very long chain fatty acids in pupae and eggs, CbuELO6 and CbuELO7 were that in the male, and CbuELO8 and CbuELO11 were that in the larva. Transcriptome analysis under different temperature conditions indicated that CbuELO1, CbuELO5, CbuELO12 and CbuELO14 participated in regulating temperature stress responses. Transcriptome analysis at different feeding times showed CbuELO12 gene expression level in all feeding time periods was significant downregulation. The qRT-PCR experiment verified expression level changes of CbuELO gene family under different temperature and feeding time conditions. Protein-protein interaction analysis showed that 9 CbuELO proteins were related to each other, CbuELO1, CbuELO4 and CbuELO12 had more than one interaction relationship. These results lay a theoretical foundation for further studying its molecular function during growth and development of C. buqueti.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Fu
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Bamboo Pests Control and Resource Development, Leshan Normal University, No. 778 Binhe Road, Shizhong District, Leshan, Sichuan, 614000, China.
- College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, No. 778 Binhe Road, Shizhong District, Leshan, Sichuan, 614000, China.
| | - Ting Yang
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Bamboo Pests Control and Resource Development, Leshan Normal University, No. 778 Binhe Road, Shizhong District, Leshan, Sichuan, 614000, China
- College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, No. 778 Binhe Road, Shizhong District, Leshan, Sichuan, 614000, China
| | - Hong Liao
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Bamboo Pests Control and Resource Development, Leshan Normal University, No. 778 Binhe Road, Shizhong District, Leshan, Sichuan, 614000, China
- College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, No. 778 Binhe Road, Shizhong District, Leshan, Sichuan, 614000, China
| | - YuLing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Bamboo Pests Control and Resource Development, Leshan Normal University, No. 778 Binhe Road, Shizhong District, Leshan, Sichuan, 614000, China
- College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, No. 778 Binhe Road, Shizhong District, Leshan, Sichuan, 614000, China
| | - HanYu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Bamboo Pests Control and Resource Development, Leshan Normal University, No. 778 Binhe Road, Shizhong District, Leshan, Sichuan, 614000, China
- College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, No. 778 Binhe Road, Shizhong District, Leshan, Sichuan, 614000, China
| | - WenCong Long
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Bamboo Pests Control and Resource Development, Leshan Normal University, No. 778 Binhe Road, Shizhong District, Leshan, Sichuan, 614000, China
- College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, No. 778 Binhe Road, Shizhong District, Leshan, Sichuan, 614000, China
| | - Na Jiang
- College of Tourism and Geographical Science, Leshan Normal University, No. 778 Binhe Road, Shizhong District, Leshan, Sichuan, 614000, China
| | - YaoJun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Bamboo Pests Control and Resource Development, Leshan Normal University, No. 778 Binhe Road, Shizhong District, Leshan, Sichuan, 614000, China.
- College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, No. 778 Binhe Road, Shizhong District, Leshan, Sichuan, 614000, China.
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Wang X, Yu H, Gao R, Liu M, Xie W. A comprehensive review of the family of very-long-chain fatty acid elongases: structure, function, and implications in physiology and pathology. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:532. [PMID: 37981715 PMCID: PMC10659008 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01523-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The very-long-chain fatty acid elongase (ELOVL) family plays essential roles in lipid metabolism and cellular functions. This comprehensive review explores the structural characteristics, functional properties, and physiological significance of individual ELOVL isoforms, providing insights into lipid biosynthesis, cell membrane dynamics, and signaling pathways. AIM OF REVIEW This review aims to highlight the significance of the ELOVL family in normal physiology and disease development. By synthesizing current knowledge, we underscore the relevance of ELOVLs as potential therapeutic targets. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW We emphasize the association between dysregulated ELOVL expression and diseases, including metabolic disorders, skin diseases, neurodegenerative conditions, and cancer. The intricate involvement of ELOVLs in cancer biology, from tumor initiation to metastasis, highlights their potential as targets for anticancer therapies. Additionally, we discuss the prospects of using isoform-specific inhibitors and activators for metabolic disorders and cancer treatment. The identification of ELOVL-based biomarkers may advance diagnostics and personalized medicine. CONCLUSION The ELOVL family's multifaceted roles in lipid metabolism and cellular physiology underscore its importance in health and disease. Understanding their functions offers potential therapeutic avenues and personalized treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Wang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Gao
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenli Xie
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, People's Republic of China.
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Pei X, Qi D, Liu J, Si H, Huang S, Zou S, Lu D, Li Z. Screening marker genes of type 2 diabetes mellitus in mouse lacrimal gland by LASSO regression. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6862. [PMID: 37100872 PMCID: PMC10133337 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34072-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by insulin resistance and a relative deficiency of insulin. This study aims to screen T2DM-related maker genes in the mouse extraorbital lacrimal gland (ELG) by LASSO regression.C57BLKS/J strain with leptin db/db homozygous mice (T2DM, n = 20) and wild-type mice (WT, n = 20) were used to collect data. The ELGs were collected for RNA sequencing. LASSO regression was conducted to screen marker genes with the training set. Five genes were selected from 689 differentially expressed genes by LASSO regression, including Synm, Elovl6, Glcci1, Tnks and Ptprt. Expression of Synm was downregulated in ELGs of T2DM mice. Elovl6, Glcci1, Tnks, and Ptprt were upregulated in T2DM mice. Area under receiver operating curve of the LASSO model was 1.000(1.000-1.000) and 0.980(0.929-1.000) in the training set and the test set, respectively. The C-index and the robust C-index of the LASSO model were 1.000 and 0.999, respectively, in the training set, and 1.000 and 0.978, respectively, in the test set. In the lacrimal gland of db/db mice, Synm, Elovl6, Glcci1, Tnks and Ptprt can be used as marker genes of T2DM. Abnormal expression of marker genes is related to lacrimal gland atrophy and dry eye in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Pei
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, No. 7, Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou City, 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - Di Qi
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, No. 7, Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou City, 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - Jiangman Liu
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, No. 7, Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou City, 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - Hongli Si
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, No. 7, Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou City, 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - Shenzhen Huang
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, No. 7, Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou City, 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - Sen Zou
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, No. 7, Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou City, 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - Dingli Lu
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, No. 7, Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou City, 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhijie Li
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, No. 7, Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou City, 450003, Henan Province, China.
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Role of fatty acid elongase Elovl6 in the regulation of energy metabolism and pathophysiological significance in diabetes. Diabetol Int 2020; 12:68-73. [PMID: 33479581 DOI: 10.1007/s13340-020-00481-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an expanding epidemic, closely linked to obesity. Peripheral insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion remain the core defects in T2DM. Despite significant advances in unraveling the underlying these defects, many of the metabolic pathways and regulators involved in insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction are not completely understood. This review proposes that manipulating the fatty acid (FA) composition by blocking ELOVL fatty acid elongase 6 (Elovl6) could protect against insulin resistance, impaired insulin secretion, and obesity-related disorders. The molecular mechanism of this new paradigm is also discussed. Elovl6 is a microsomal enzyme involved in the elongation of C16 saturated and monounsaturated FAs to form C18 FAs. We have reported that mice with Elovl6 deletion are protected against obesity-induced insulin resistance or β-cell failure when mated to leptin receptor-deficient db/db mice because the cellular FA composition is changed, even with concurrent obesity. Therefore, Elovl6 appears to be a crucial metabolic checkpoint, and limiting Elovl6 expression or activity could be a new therapeutic approach to treat T2DM.
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Zhao X, Yang Y, Niu N, Zhao Y, Liu W, Ma E, Moussian B, Zhang J. The fatty acid elongase gene LmELO7 is required for hydrocarbon biosynthesis and cuticle permeability in the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 123:104052. [PMID: 32259526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2020.104052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Insect cuticular lipids are a complex cocktail of highly diverse cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs), which form a hydrophobic surface coat to maintain water balance and to prevent desiccation and penetration of exogenous substances. Fatty acid elongases (ELOs) are key enzymes that participate in a common CHC synthesis pathway in insects. However, the importance of ELOs for CHC synthesis and function remains understudied. Using transcriptomic data, we have identified seven ELO genes (LmELO1-7) in the migratory locust Locusta migratoria. We determined their tissue-specific and temporal expression profiles in fifth instar nymphs. As we are interested in cuticle barrier formation, we performed RNA interference against LmELO7, which is mainly expressed in the integument. Suppression of LmELO7 significantly decreased its expression and caused lethality during or shortly after molting. CHC quantification by GC-MS analysis indicated that suppression of LmELO7 resulted in a decrease in total CHC amounts. By consequence, CHC deficiency reduced desiccation resistance and enhanced cuticle permeability in LmELO7-suppressed L. migratoria. Interestingly, LmELO7 expression is induced at low air humidity. Our results indicate that LmELO7 plays a vital role in the production of CHCs and, hence, cuticle permeability. Induction of LmELO7 expression in drought conditions suggests a key role of this gene in regulating desiccation resistance. This work is expected to help developing new strategies for insect pest management based on CHC function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Zhao
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China; College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Niu Niu
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China; College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Yiyan Zhao
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China; College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Weimin Liu
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Enbo Ma
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Bernard Moussian
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, Institute of Biology Valrose, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice CEDEX 2, France
| | - Jianzhen Zhang
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China.
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Motoi Y, Ito Z, Suzuki S, Takami S, Matsuo K, Sato M, Ota Y, Tsuruta M, Kojima M, Noguchi M, Uchiyama K, Kubota T. FADS2 and ELOVL6 mutation frequencies in Japanese Crohn's disease patients. Drug Discov Ther 2019; 13:354-359. [DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2019.01081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yutaro Motoi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Zensho Ito
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shizuka Suzuki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Takami
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kaori Matsuo
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Mio Sato
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yuki Ota
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Mizuki Tsuruta
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kojima
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Mitsutaka Noguchi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kan Uchiyama
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kubota
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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Wang Z, Wang DH, Park HG, Yan Y, Goykhman Y, Lawrence P, Kothapalli KSD, Brenna JT. Identification of genes mediating branched chain fatty acid elongation. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:1807-1817. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Department of Food Science Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
- Division of Nutritional Sciences Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics Dell Medical School The University of Texas at Austin TX USA
| | - Dong Hao Wang
- Department of Food Science Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
- Division of Nutritional Sciences Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics Dell Medical School The University of Texas at Austin TX USA
| | - Hui Gyu Park
- Division of Nutritional Sciences Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics Dell Medical School The University of Texas at Austin TX USA
| | - Yuanyuan Yan
- Division of Nutritional Sciences Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
- School of Public Health Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine China
| | - Yuliya Goykhman
- Division of Nutritional Sciences Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
| | - Peter Lawrence
- Department of Food Science Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
- Division of Nutritional Sciences Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
| | - Kumar S. D. Kothapalli
- Division of Nutritional Sciences Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics Dell Medical School The University of Texas at Austin TX USA
| | - J. Thomas Brenna
- Department of Food Science Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
- Division of Nutritional Sciences Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics Dell Medical School The University of Texas at Austin TX USA
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Kikuchi M, Shimada M, Matsuzaka T, Ishii K, Nakagawa Y, Takayanagi M, Yamada N, Shimano H. Crucial Role of Elovl6 in Chondrocyte Growth and Differentiation during Growth Plate Development in Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159375. [PMID: 27467521 PMCID: PMC4965081 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
ELOVL family member 6, elongation of very long chain fatty acids (Elovl6) is a microsomal enzyme, which regulates the elongation of C12-16 saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids. Elovl6 has been shown to be associated with various pathophysiologies including insulin resistance, atherosclerosis, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. To investigate a potential role of Elovl6 during bone development, we here examined a skeletal phenotype of Elovl6 knockout (Elovl6-/-) mice. The Elovl6-/- skeleton was smaller than that of controls, but exhibited no obvious patterning defects. Histological analysis revealed a reduced length of proliferating and an elongated length of hypertrophic chondrocyte layer, and decreased trabecular bone in Elovl6-/- mice compared with controls. These results were presumably due to a modest decrease in chondrocyte proliferation and accelerated differentiation of cells of the chondrocyte lineage. Consistent with the increased length of the hypertrophic chondrocyte layer in Elovl6-/- mice, Collagen10α1 was identified as one of the most affected genes by ablation of Elovl6 in chondrocytes. Furthermore, this elevated expression of Collagen10α1 of Elovl6-null chondrocytes was likely associated with increased levels of Foxa2/a3 and Mef2c mRNA expression. Relative increases in protein levels of nuclear Foxa2 and cytoplasmic histone deacethylase 4/5/7 were also observed in Elovl6 knockdown cells of the chondrocyte lineage. Collectively, our data suggest that Elovl6 plays a critical role for proper development of embryonic growth plate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manami Kikuchi
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masako Shimada
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Graduate School of Nutritional Science, Sagami Women’s University, Kanagawa, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Takashi Matsuzaka
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kiyoaki Ishii
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Nakagawa
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Misa Takayanagi
- Graduate School of Nutritional Science, Sagami Women’s University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Yamada
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shimano
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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