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Javed A, Khan S, Salma U, Ahmad T, Khan T, Shah AJ. Extract of Chenopodium album lowers blood pressure in rats through endothelium-dependent and -independent vasorelaxation. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2024; 82:84-95. [PMID: 37572955 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the antihypertensive effect of crude extract of Chenopodium album (Ca.Cr), based on its medicinal use in hypertension. METHODS Ca.Cr and its fractions were tested in-vivo in normotensive anesthetized rats for blood pressure-lowering effect. In-vitro experiments were performed on isolated rat aortae to explore the vascular mechanism(s). RESULTS In normotensive anesthetized rats, Ca.Cr produced a dose-dependent (1-300mg/kg) fall (30%mmHg) in mean arterial pressure (MAP). Among the fractions, nHexane was the most potent (46% fall). In rat aortic rings precontracted with phenylephrine (PE), Ca.Cr and its fractions (except Ca.Aq) produced endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation, which was partially reversed with endothelium removal and by pretreating intact aortic rings with L-NAME (10μM) and atropine (1μM). This relaxation to Ca.Cr and fractions (nHexane, ethylacetate and chloroform) was also eliminated with indomethacin pretreatment, however, it unmasked a vasoconstriction effect with Ca.Cr only. Surprisingly, the aqueous fraction produced a calcium sensitive strong vasoconstriction instead of vasorelaxation. The crude extract and its fractions (except Ca.Aq) also antagonized vasoconstriction induced with high K+ (80mM), suggesting calcium antagonistic effect. The aqueous fraction produced mild vasorelaxation against high K+. This effect was further confirmed when pretreatment of the aortic rings with different concentrations of crude extract and fractions suppressed CaCl2 concentration response curves, similar to verapamil. In acute toxicity test, Ca.Cr extract was found safe up to 5g/kg body weight in mice. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that crude extract and fractions of C. album produced vasorelaxant effect through muscarinic receptors linked-NO pathway, prostaglandin (endothelium-dependent) and calcium antagonism (endothelium-independent), which explains the blood pressure lowering effect of C. album in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil Javed
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, 22060 Abbottabad Campus, KPK, Pakistan.
| | - Shamim Khan
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, 22060 Abbottabad Campus, KPK, Pakistan.
| | - Umme Salma
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, 22060 Abbottabad Campus, KPK, Pakistan.
| | - Taseer Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, University Road, 40100 Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Taous Khan
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, 22060 Abbottabad Campus, KPK, Pakistan.
| | - Abdul Jabbar Shah
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, 22060 Abbottabad Campus, KPK, Pakistan.
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Shuvaeva VN, Gorshkova OP. Contribution of IKCa Channels to Dilation of Pial Arteries in young Rats after Ischemia/Reperfusion. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093022060217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Li Z, Zhang F, Wang S, Xiao H, Wang J, Li X, Yang H. Endothelium-dependent vasorelaxant effects of praeruptorin a in isolated rat thoracic aorta. Bioengineered 2022; 13:10038-10046. [PMID: 35416124 PMCID: PMC9162007 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2062979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Praeruptorin A (PA) is a natural coumarin compound from the roots of Radix Peucedani and is commonly used in the treatment of certain respiratory diseases and hypertension. Although previous studies identified relaxant effects of PA on tracheal and arterial preparations, little is known about its vasodilative effects and underlying mechanisms. Here, an organ bath system and tension recording methods were used to prepare and analyze isolated rat thoracic aorta artery rings. Aorta artery rings were pre-contracted with phenylephrine and then incubated with PA, and the possible mechanism of relaxation was investigated by adding inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase (NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, L-NAME), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (L-NG-nitroarginine, L-NNA), cyclooxygenase (indomethacin), guanylyl cyclase (1 H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo [4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one, ODQ), and KCa channels (tetraethylammonium, TEA). Our study showed that PA-induced vasodilation was blocked by L-NAME, L-NNA, and ODQ, while CaCl2-induced vasoconstriction was countered by PA. Thus, PA may exert a vasodilatory effect by influencing the amounts of endothelium-derived relaxing factors through endothelial-dependent NO-cGMP and prostacyclin pathways (such as NO and prostacyclin 2). In the rat thoracic aorta, PA reduces vasoconstriction by inhibiting Ca2+ inflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenkun Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Big Brand League Technology Consulting Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Fengrong Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shicong Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Honghe Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xianyu Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongjun Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Gorshkova OP. Characteristics of Age-Related Changes in the Endothelium-Dependent Hyperpolarization of Pial Arteries in Normotensive and Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. ADVANCES IN GERONTOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s2079057021030048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
This paper examines the scope of anorectics in counterfeit weight-reducing formulations and provides insight into the present state of research in determining such adulterants. Analytical techniques utilised in profiling adulterants found in slimming products, including limitations and mitigation steps of these conventional methods are also discussed. The current legal status of the anorectics and analogues routinely encountered in non-prescription slimming formulations is also explored.
Methods
All reviewed literature was extracted from Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases using relevant search terms, such as, ‘counterfeit drugs’, ‘weight loss drugs’, ‘weight-reducing drugs’, ‘slimming drugs’, ‘anorectic agents’, and ‘counterfeit anorexics’. Legislation related to anorectics was obtained from the portals of various government and international agencies.
Results
Anorectics frequently profiled in counterfeit slimming formulations are mostly amphetamine derivatives or its analogues. Five routinely reported pharmacological classes of adulterants, namely anxiolytics, diuretics, antidepressants, laxatives, and stimulants, are mainly utilised as coadjuvants in fake weigh-reducing formulations to increase bioavailability or to minimise anticipated side effects. Liquid and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometric detectors are predominantly used techniques for anorectic analysis due to the possibility of obtaining detailed information of adulterants. However, interference from the complex sample matrices of these fake products limits the accuracy of these methods and requires robust sample preparation methods for enhanced sensitivity and selectivity. The most common anorectics found in counterfeit slimming medicines are either completely banned or available by prescription only, in many countries.
Conclusions
Slimming formulations doped with anorectic cocktails to boost their weight-reducing efficacy are not uncommon. Liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry remains the gold standard for counterfeit drug analysis, and requires improved preconcentration methods for rapid and quantitative identification of specific chemical constituents. Extensive method development and validation, targeted at refining existing techniques while developing new ones, is expected to improve the analytical profiling of counterfeit anorectics significantly.
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Gorshkova OP, Shuvaeva VN. Age-Related Changes in the Role of
Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels in Acetylcholine Mediated Dilatation of Pial
Arterial Vessels in Rats. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093020020064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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García-Alonso D, Morgenstern-Kaplan D, Cohen-Welch A, Lozano-Cuenca J, López-Canales JS. Possible Mechanisms Involved in the Vasorelaxant Effect Produced by Anorexigenic Drugs in Rat Aortic Rings. Med Sci (Basel) 2019; 7:medsci7030039. [PMID: 30818849 PMCID: PMC6473436 DOI: 10.3390/medsci7030039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Anorexigenics are compounds capable of reducing or suppressing appetite. Their three main types act on different neurotransmitters, either norepinephrine, serotonin or a combination of both. Among the drugs that act on norepinephrine are fenproporex, amfepramone and clobenzorex. Derivatives of the thyroid hormone triiodothyronine have also been associated with weight loss and used as a controversial treatment for obesity, despite their known cardiovascular side effects. Recent data suggest a possible vasodilating effect for these four substances that might be beneficial in a subset of patients. Herein we performed a systematic review of the literature (with emphasis on recent reports) to determine the implications and mechanisms of the vasodilating effects of some anorectics, specifically fenproporex, clobenzorex, amfepramone and triiodothyronine. Data analysis showed these four drugs to be vasodilating agents for rat aortic rings. The different mechanisms of action include endothelium-dependent vasodilation via activation of the NO-cGMP-PKG pathway and the opening of calcium-activated potassium channels. The finding of vasodilating activity indicates a potential role for some anorexigenic drugs in the treatment of obesity in hypertensive patients. Further in vivo studies are needed to test the clinical benefits of these four drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela García-Alonso
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud Anáhuac (CICSA), Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Mexico City 52786, Mexico.
| | - Dan Morgenstern-Kaplan
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud Anáhuac (CICSA), Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Mexico City 52786, Mexico.
| | - Ariel Cohen-Welch
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud Anáhuac (CICSA), Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Mexico City 52786, Mexico.
| | - Jair Lozano-Cuenca
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Development, National Institute of Perinatology, Mexico City 11000, Mexico.
| | - Jorge Skiold López-Canales
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Development, National Institute of Perinatology, Mexico City 11000, Mexico.
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Rizvić E, Janković G, Savić MM. Elucidation of the profound antagonism of contractile action of phenylephrine in rat aorta effected by an atypical sympathomimetic decongestant. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 21:385-395. [PMID: 28706452 PMCID: PMC5507777 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2017.21.4.385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Vasoconstrictive properties of sympathomimetic drugs are the basis of their widespread use as decongestants and possible source of adverse responses. Insufficiently substantiated practice of combining decongestants in some marketed preparations, such are those containing phenylephrine and lerimazoline, may affect the overall contractile activity, and thus their therapeutic utility. This study aimed to examine the interaction between lerimazoline and phenylephrine in isolated rat aortic rings, and also to assess the substrate of the obtained lerimazoline-induced attenuation of phenylephrine contraction. Namely, while lower concentrations of lerimazoline (10−6 M and especially 10−7 M) expectedly tended to potentiate the phenylephrine-induced contractions, lerimazoline in higher concentrations (10−4 M and above) unexpectedly and profoundly depleted the phenylephrine concentration-response curve. Suppression of NO with NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor Nw-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 10−4 M) or NO scavanger OHB12 (10−3 M), as well as non-specific inhibition of K+-channels with tetraethylammonium (TEA; 10−3 M), have reversed lerimazoline-induced relaxation of phenylephrine contractions, while cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin (10−5 M) did not affect the interaction between two vasoconstrictors. At the receptor level, non-selective 5-HT receptor antagonist methiothepin reversed the attenuating effect of lerimazoline on phenylephrine contraction when applied at 3×10−7 and 10−6 M, but not at the highest concentration (10−4 M). Neither the 5-HT1D-receptor selective antagonist BRL 15572 (10−6 M) nor 5-HT7 receptor selective antagonist SB 269970 (10−6 M) affected the lerimazoline-induced attenuation of phenylephrine activity. The mechanism of lerimazoline-induced suppression of phenylephrine contractions may involve potentiation of activity of NO and K+-channels and activation of some methiothepin-sensitive receptors, possibly of the 5-HT2B subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eldina Rizvić
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Goran Janković
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miroslav M Savić
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
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