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Sonkar AB, Verma A, Yadav S, Singh J, Kumar R, Keshari AK, Kumar A, Kumar D, Shrivastava NK, Rani S, Rastogi S, Alamoudi MK, Nazam Ansari M, Saeedan AS, Kaithwas G, Saha S. Antiproliferative, apoptotic and anti-inflammatory potential of 5H-benzo[h]thiazolo[2,3-b]quinazoline analogues: Novel series of anticancer compounds. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 137:112496. [PMID: 38901240 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) is the most common cancer in males. As per GLOBOCAN 2020, 8.1 % of deaths and 5.9 % of cases of LC were reported in India. Our laboratory has previously reported the significant anticancer potential of 5H-benzo[h]thiazolo[2,3-b]quinazoline analogues. In this study, we have explored the anticancer potential of 7A {4-(6,7-dihydro-5H-benzo[h]thiazolo[2,3-b]quinazolin-7-yl)phenol} and 9A {7-(4-chlorophenyl)-9-methyl-6,7-dihydro-5H-benzo[h]thiazolo[2,3-b]quinazoline}by using in-vitro and in-vivo models of LC. In this study, we investigated the antiproliferative potential of quinazoline analogues using A549 cell line to identify the best compound of the series. The in-vitro and molecular docking studies revealed 7A and 9A compounds as potential analogues. We also performed acute toxicity study to determine the dose. After that, in-vivo studies using urethane-induced LC in male albino Wistar rats carried out further physiological, biochemical, and morphological evaluation (SEM and H&E) of the lung tissue. We have also evaluated the antioxidant level, inflammatory, and apoptotic marker expressions. 7A and 9A did not demonstrate any signs of acute toxicity. Animals treated with urethane showed a significant upregulation of oxidative stress. However, treatment with 7A and 9A restored antioxidant markers near-normal levels. SEM and H&E staining of the lung tissue demonstrated recovered architecture after treatment with 7A and 9A. Both analogues significantly restore inflammatory markers to normal level and upregulate the intrinsic apoptosis protein expression in the lung tissue. These experimental findings demonstrated the antiproliferative potential of the synthetic analogues 7A and 9A, potentially due to their anti-inflammatory and apoptotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Bharti Sonkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226 025, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhishek Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226 025, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sneha Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226 025, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jyoti Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226 025, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rohit Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226 025, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amit K Keshari
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Lucknow Campus, Lucknow 226028, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anurag Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226 025, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226 025, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Neeraj Kumar Shrivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226 025, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Soniya Rani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226 025, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shubham Rastogi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226 025, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mariam K Alamoudi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Nazam Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz S Saeedan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaurav Kaithwas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226 025, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Sudipta Saha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226 025, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Sonkar AB, Verma A, Yadav S, Kumar R, Singh J, Keshari AK, Rani S, Kumar A, Kumar D, Shrivastava NK, Rastogi S, Alamoudi MK, Ansari MN, Saeedan AS, Kaithwas G, Saha S. Antiproliferative effect of indeno[1,2-d]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine analogues on IL-6 mediated STAT3 and role of the apoptotic pathway in albino Wistar rats of ethyl carbamate-induced lung carcinoma: In-silico, In-vitro, and In-vivo study. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:219. [PMID: 38926695 PMCID: PMC11201866 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03390-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) ranks second most prevalent cancer in females after breast cancer and second in males after prostate cancer. Based on the GLOBOCAN 2020 report, India represented 5.9% of LC cases and 8.1% of deaths caused by the disease. Several clinical studies have shown that LC occurs because of biological and morphological abnormalities and the involvement of altered level of antioxidants, cytokines, and apoptotic markers. In the present study, we explored the antiproliferative activity of indeno[1,2-d]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine analogues against LC using in-vitro, in-silico, and in-vivo models. In-vitro screening against A549 cells revealed compounds 9B (8-methoxy-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-5,6-dihydroindeno[1,2-d]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine) and 12B (5-(4-chlorophenyl)-5,6-dihydroindeno[1,2-d]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine) as potential pyrimidine analogues against LC. Compounds 9B and 12B were docked with different molecular targets IL-6, Cyt-C, Caspase9, and Caspase3 using AutoDock Vina 4.1 to evaluate the binding affinity. Subsequently, in-vivo studies were conducted in albino Wistar rats through ethyl-carbamate (EC)- induced LC. 9B and 12B imparted significant effects on physiological (weight variation), and biochemical (anti-oxidant [TBAR's, SOD, ProC, and GSH), lipid (TC, TG, LDL, VLDL, and HDL)], and cytokine (IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-1β) markers in EC-induced LC in albino Wistar rats. Morphological examination (SEM and H&E) and western blotting (IL-6, STAT3, Cyt-C, BAX, Bcl-2, Caspase3, and caspase9) showed that compounds 9B and 12B had antiproliferative effects. Accordingly, from the in-vitro, in-silico, and in-vivo experimental findings, we concluded that 9B and 12B have significant antiproliferative potential and are potential candidates for further evaluation to meet the requirements of investigation of new drug application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Bharti Sonkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226 025, India
| | - Abhishek Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226 025, India
| | - Sneha Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226 025, India
| | - Rohit Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226 025, India
| | - Jyoti Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226 025, India
| | - Amit K Keshari
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Lucknow campus, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226028, India
| | - Soniya Rani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226 025, India
| | - Anurag Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226 025, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226 025, India
| | - Neeraj Kumar Shrivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226 025, India
| | - Shubham Rastogi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226 025, India
| | - Mariam K Alamoudi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Nazam Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz S Saeedan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaurav Kaithwas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226 025, India.
| | - Sudipta Saha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226 025, India
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Moreno LG, César NR, Melo DS, Figueiró MTO, Dos Santos EC, Evangelista-Silva PH, de Sousa Santos C, Costa KB, Rocha-Vieira E, Dias-Peixoto MF, Castro Magalhães FD, Esteves EA. A MUFA/carotenoid-rich oil ameliorated insulin resistance by improving inflammation and oxidative stress in obese rats. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 581:112110. [PMID: 37981187 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.112110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress, leading to insulin resistance and type II diabetes. Caryocar brasiliense pulp oil (pequi oil - PO) is rich in oleic acid and carotenoids and positively implicated in regulating inflammation and oxidative stress. This study investigated PO's antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in a diet-induced obesity model. Male Wistar rats were allocated into three experimental groups: Control (CD), Western Diet (WD), and Western Diet, with 27% of lard switched by PO (WDP). Metabolic, inflammatory, and oxidative stress biomarkers were evaluated after 12 weeks of diet protocols in liver and adipose tissue. WDP rats gained less body mass and epididymal fat, had less hepatic fat infiltration, and were more glucose-tolerant and insulin-sensitive than WD (p < 0.05). In the liver, the WDP group had the highest non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity, SOD and GPx activities, CAT, SOD II, and HSP72 expression compared to WD (p < 0.05). Adipose tissue IL-6 and TNF were reduced, and IL-10 was increased in WDP compared to WD (p < 0.05). Our data suggest that the partial replacement of lard by PO in a Western diet prevented visceral fat accumulation and contributed to reducing inflammation in adipose tissue and liver oxidative stress, improving obesity-related insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauane Gomes Moreno
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal Dos Vales Do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri - UFVJM, Rodovia MGT 367 - Km 583. N. 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, MG, 39100-000, Brazil.
| | - Nayara Rayane César
- Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico Em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal Dos Vales Do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Rodovia MGT 367 - Km 583. N. 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, MG, 39100-000, Brazil.
| | - Dirceu Sousa Melo
- Instituto de Ciências Naturais, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras - UFLA, Aquenta Sol, Lavras, MG, 37200-900, Brazil.
| | - Maria Thereza Otoni Figueiró
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal Dos Vales Do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri - UFVJM, Rodovia MGT 367 - Km 583. N. 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, MG, 39100-000, Brazil.
| | - Edivânia Cordeiro Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico Em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal Dos Vales Do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Rodovia MGT 367 - Km 583. N. 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, MG, 39100-000, Brazil.
| | | | - Carina de Sousa Santos
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Curso de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Grande Dourados - UFGD, Dourados, Brazil.
| | - Karine Beatriz Costa
- Programa de Pós-graduação Em Ciências Aplicadas à Saúde - PPgCAS, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora - UFJF, Governador Valadares, MG, 35010-180, Brazil.
| | - Etel Rocha-Vieira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal Dos Vales Do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri - UFVJM, Rodovia MGT 367 - Km 583. N. 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, MG, 39100-000, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico Em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal Dos Vales Do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Rodovia MGT 367 - Km 583. N. 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, MG, 39100-000, Brazil.
| | - Marco Fabrício Dias-Peixoto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal Dos Vales Do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri - UFVJM, Rodovia MGT 367 - Km 583. N. 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, MG, 39100-000, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico Em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal Dos Vales Do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Rodovia MGT 367 - Km 583. N. 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, MG, 39100-000, Brazil.
| | - Flávio de Castro Magalhães
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal Dos Vales Do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri - UFVJM, Rodovia MGT 367 - Km 583. N. 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, MG, 39100-000, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico Em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal Dos Vales Do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Rodovia MGT 367 - Km 583. N. 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, MG, 39100-000, Brazil.
| | - Elizabethe Adriana Esteves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal Dos Vales Do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri - UFVJM, Rodovia MGT 367 - Km 583. N. 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, MG, 39100-000, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico Em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal Dos Vales Do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Rodovia MGT 367 - Km 583. N. 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, MG, 39100-000, Brazil.
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Cruvinel JM, Groff Urayama PM, Oura CY, de Lima Krenchinski FK, Dos Santos TS, de Souza BA, Kadri SM, Correa CR, Sartori JR, Pezzato AC. Pequi Oil ( Caryocar brasiliense Camb.) Attenuates the Adverse Effects of Cyclical Heat Stress and Modulates the Oxidative Stress-Related Genes in Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1896. [PMID: 37370405 DOI: 10.3390/ani13121896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to determine the possible antioxidant protection of pequi oil (PO) against cyclic heat stress in broiler chickens and to highlight the application of PO as a promising additive in broiler feed. A total of 400 one-day-old male broiler chicks (Cobb 500) were randomly assigned to 2 × 5 factorially arranged treatments: two temperature-controlled rooms (thermoneutral-TN or heat stress-HS for 8 h/day) and five dietary PO levels (0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, or 6.0 g/kg diet) for 42 days. Each treatment consisted of eight replicates of five birds. The results showed that HS increased glucose (p = 0.006), triglycerides (p < 0.001), and HDL (p = 0.042) at 21 days and reduced (p = 0.005) serum total cholesterol at 42 days. The results also showed that HS increased the contents of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). In contrast, PO linearly decreased AST (p = 0.048) and ALT (p = 0.020) at 21 and 42 days, respectively. The heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in the birds under HS was higher than in those in the TN environment (p = 0.046). Heat stress decreased (p = 0.032) the relative weight of their livers at 21 days. The superoxide dismutase activity increased (p = 0.010) in the HS treatments in comparison to the TN treatments, while the glutathione peroxidase activity in the liver decreased (p < 0.001) at 42 days; however, the activity of catalase had no significant effects. Meanwhile, increasing the dietary PO levels linearly decreased plasma malondialdehyde (p < 0.001) in the birds in the HS environment. In addition, PO reduced (p = 0.027) the expression of Hsp 70 in the liver by 92% when compared to the TN treatment without PO, mainly at the 6.0 g/kg diet level. The expression of Nrf2 was upregulated by 37% (p = 0.049) in response to PO with the 6.0 g/kg diet compared to the HS treatment without PO. In conclusion, PO supplementation alleviated the adverse effects of HS on broilers due to its antioxidant action and modulation of the genes related to oxidative stress, providing insights into its application as a potential feed additive in broiler production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Moraes Cruvinel
- Department of Breeding and Animal Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Doutor Walter Mauricio Correa s/n, Botucatu 18618-681, SP, Brazil
| | - Priscila Michelin Groff Urayama
- Department of Breeding and Animal Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Doutor Walter Mauricio Correa s/n, Botucatu 18618-681, SP, Brazil
| | - Cássio Yutto Oura
- Department of Breeding and Animal Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Doutor Walter Mauricio Correa s/n, Botucatu 18618-681, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Kaiser de Lima Krenchinski
- Department of Breeding and Animal Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Doutor Walter Mauricio Correa s/n, Botucatu 18618-681, SP, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Souza Dos Santos
- Department of Breeding and Animal Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Doutor Walter Mauricio Correa s/n, Botucatu 18618-681, SP, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Alves de Souza
- Department of Breeding and Animal Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Doutor Walter Mauricio Correa s/n, Botucatu 18618-681, SP, Brazil
| | - Samir Moura Kadri
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila Renata Correa
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Research Unit (UNIPEX), Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Distrito Rubião Jr., Botucatu 18618-970, SP, Brazil
| | - José Roberto Sartori
- Department of Breeding and Animal Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Doutor Walter Mauricio Correa s/n, Botucatu 18618-681, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio Celso Pezzato
- Department of Breeding and Animal Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Doutor Walter Mauricio Correa s/n, Botucatu 18618-681, SP, Brazil
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Carneiro CR, Alhaji AM, da Silva CAS, de Sousa RDCS, Monteiro S, Coimbra JSDR. Potential Challenges of the Extraction of Carotenoids and Fatty Acids from Pequi ( Caryocar brasiliense) Oil. Foods 2023; 12:foods12091907. [PMID: 37174442 PMCID: PMC10178395 DOI: 10.3390/foods12091907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pequi is a natural source of bioactive compounds with wide versatility for fresh or processed fruit consumption, but it is still little explored economically. Functional foods are the subject of diverse scientific research since, in addition to being nourishing, they contain bioactive compounds capable of promoting several benefits to the human body. Pequi is a fruit species native to the Brazilian Cerrado, which is rich in oil and has components with a high nutritional value, such as unsaturated fatty acids (omega-3, omega-6, EPA, and DHA), antioxidants (carotenoids and phenolic compounds), and vitamins. Therefore, the present narrative review aims to compile and critically evaluate the methods used to extract oil from the pulp and almonds of pequi and describes the carotenoid separation from the oil because carotenoids are natural pigments of great interest in the pharmaceutical and food industries. It is emphasized that the main challenges linked to bioactive compound extraction are their susceptibility to degradation in the processing and storage stages of pequi and its derived products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adamu Muhammad Alhaji
- Department of Food Technology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Brazil
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil 713101, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Simone Monteiro
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
- Graduate Program of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Goias, Goiania 74690-900, Brazil
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Machado APDF, Alves MDR, Nascimento RDPD, Reguengo LM, Marostica Junior MR. Antiproliferative effects and main molecular mechanisms of Brazilian native fruits and their by-products on lung cancer. Food Res Int 2022; 162:111953. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Ombredane AS, Silva LRA, Araujo VHS, Costa PL, Silva LC, Sampaio MC, Lima MCF, Veiga Junior VF, Vieira IJC, Azevedo RB, Joanitti GA. Pequi oil (Caryocar brasilense Cambess.) nanoemulsion alters cell proliferation and damages key organelles in triple-negative breast cancer cells in vitro. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113348. [PMID: 35820315 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pequi oil is extracted from the fruit of a Brazilian native plant (Caryocar brasiliense Camb) that contains some molecules with anticancer potential. Due to its hydrophobic property, the administration of pequi oil associated with nanoemulsion systems represents a successful strategy to improve oil bioavailability. Breast cancer is the most frequent type of cancer among women and conventional therapies used are frequently associated with several side effects. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of pequi oil-based nanoemulsion (PeNE) on triple-negative breast cancer cells (4T1), in vitro. PeNE presented a dose- and time-dependent cytotoxic effect with lower IC50 than free pequi oil after 48 h of exposure (p < 0.001). At 180 µg/mL, PeNE demonstrated numerous cell alterations, when compared to free pequi oil, such as morphological alterations, reduction in cell proliferation and total cell number, damage to plasmatic membrane, induction of lysosomal membrane permeability and depolarization of mitochondrial membrane, alteration of intracellular ROS production and calcium level, and increase in phosphatidylserine exposure. Taken together, the results suggest an interesting induction of cell death mechanisms involving a combined action of factors that impair nucleus, mitochondria, lysosome, and ER function. In addition, more pronounced effects were observed in cells treated by PeNE at 180 µg/mL when compared to free pequi oil, thereby reinforcing the advantages of using nanometric platforms. These promising results highlight the use of PeNE as a potential complementary therapeutic approach to be employed along with conventional treatments against breast cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia S Ombredane
- Laboratory of Bioactive Compounds and Nanobiotechnology (LBCNano), University of Brasilia, Campus Universitário - Centro Metropolitano, Ceilândia Sul, Brasília, DF 72220-275, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Nanoscience and Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Lídia R A Silva
- Laboratory of Bioactive Compounds and Nanobiotechnology (LBCNano), University of Brasilia, Campus Universitário - Centro Metropolitano, Ceilândia Sul, Brasília, DF 72220-275, Brazil
| | - Victor H S Araujo
- Laboratory of Bioactive Compounds and Nanobiotechnology (LBCNano), University of Brasilia, Campus Universitário - Centro Metropolitano, Ceilândia Sul, Brasília, DF 72220-275, Brazil
| | - Patrícia L Costa
- Laboratory of Bioactive Compounds and Nanobiotechnology (LBCNano), University of Brasilia, Campus Universitário - Centro Metropolitano, Ceilândia Sul, Brasília, DF 72220-275, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Sciences and Technologies in Health, Faculty of Ceilandia, University of Brasilia, Campus Universitário - Centro Metropolitano, Ceilândia Sul, Brasília, DF 72220-275, Brazil
| | - Lucas C Silva
- Laboratory of Bioactive Compounds and Nanobiotechnology (LBCNano), University of Brasilia, Campus Universitário - Centro Metropolitano, Ceilândia Sul, Brasília, DF 72220-275, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Sciences and Technologies in Health, Faculty of Ceilandia, University of Brasilia, Campus Universitário - Centro Metropolitano, Ceilândia Sul, Brasília, DF 72220-275, Brazil
| | - Marina C Sampaio
- Laboratory of Bioactive Compounds and Nanobiotechnology (LBCNano), University of Brasilia, Campus Universitário - Centro Metropolitano, Ceilândia Sul, Brasília, DF 72220-275, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Nanoscience and Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Milena C F Lima
- Chemistry Section, Military Institute of Engineering, Praça Gen. Tibúrcio, 80, Praia Vermelha, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22290-270, Brazil
| | - Valdir F Veiga Junior
- Chemistry Section, Military Institute of Engineering, Praça Gen. Tibúrcio, 80, Praia Vermelha, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22290-270, Brazil
| | - Ivo J C Vieira
- Laboratório de Ciências Químicas-LCQUI, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro-UENF, Avenida Alberto Lamego 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Ricardo B Azevedo
- Post-Graduation Program in Nanoscience and Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil; Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Genetics and Morphology, University of Brasilia, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Graziella A Joanitti
- Laboratory of Bioactive Compounds and Nanobiotechnology (LBCNano), University of Brasilia, Campus Universitário - Centro Metropolitano, Ceilândia Sul, Brasília, DF 72220-275, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Nanoscience and Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Sciences and Technologies in Health, Faculty of Ceilandia, University of Brasilia, Campus Universitário - Centro Metropolitano, Ceilândia Sul, Brasília, DF 72220-275, Brazil.
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Evangelista-Silva PH, Prates RP, Leite JSM, Moreno LG, Goulart-Silva F, Esteves EA. Intestinal GLUT5 and FAT/CD36 transporters and blood glucose are reduced by a carotenoid/MUFA-rich oil in high-fat fed mice. Life Sci 2021; 279:119672. [PMID: 34097971 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Intestinal nutrient absorption plays a vital role in developing obesity, and nutrient transporters expressed in the enterocytes facilitate this process. Moreover, previous studies have shown that specific foods and diets can affect their cell levels. Herein, we investigated the effects of pequi oil (PO), which is high in several bioactive compounds, on intestinal nutrient transporter levels as well as on intestinal morphology and metabolic biomarkers. MAIN METHODS Groups of male C57BL/6 mice were fed either a standard (C) or a high-fat diet (HFD) and pequi oil (CP and HFDP with PO by gavage at 150 mg/day) for eight weeks. Food intake and body weight were monitored, serum metabolic biomarkers, intestinal transporter levels and histological analyses were performed. KEY FINDINGS PO increased caloric intake without increasing body or fat mass regardless of diet. The HFD group treated with PO reduced fasting blood glucose and villus width. PO did not affect GLUT2, L-FABP, FATP4, NPC1L1, NHE3 or PEPT1 content in CP or HFDP groups. GLUT5 and FAT/CD36 levels were reduced in both CP and HFDP. SIGNIFICANCE Our data suggest that PO attenuated monosaccharide and fatty acid absorption, contributing to lower fasting glycemia and higher food intake without affecting body weight or visceral fat of high-fat feed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Henrique Evangelista-Silva
- Faculty of Biological and Health Sciences, Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri - UFVJM, Rodovia MGT 367 - Km 583. n. 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, MG 39100-000, Brazil; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Av. Prof. Dr. Lineu Prestes. 1524, Butantã, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Pereira Prates
- Faculty of Biological and Health Sciences, Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri - UFVJM, Rodovia MGT 367 - Km 583. n. 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, MG 39100-000, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Santos Moreira Leite
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Av. Prof. Dr. Lineu Prestes. 1524, Butantã, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Lauane Gomes Moreno
- Faculty of Biological and Health Sciences, Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri - UFVJM, Rodovia MGT 367 - Km 583. n. 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, MG 39100-000, Brazil
| | - Francemilson Goulart-Silva
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Av. Prof. Dr. Lineu Prestes. 1524, Butantã, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Elizabethe Adriana Esteves
- Faculty of Biological and Health Sciences, Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri - UFVJM, Rodovia MGT 367 - Km 583. n. 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, MG 39100-000, Brazil.
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9
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Bao T, Zhang M, Zhou Y, Chen W. Phenolic profile of jujube fruit subjected to gut microbiota fermentation and its antioxidant potential against ethyl carbamate-induced oxidative damage. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2021; 22:397-409. [PMID: 33973421 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2000754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the composition of bioactive substances and the antioxidant effects of jujube fruit under gut microbiota fermentation (GMF), and the inhibitory effect on cytotoxicity caused by ethyl carbamate (EC). METHODS Changes in the contents of flavonoids, polyphenols, total sugars, and reducing sugars of jujube fruit after GMF (0, 2, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h) were determined. The oxidation resistance of fermented jujube fruits (from 0 to 48 h fermentation) was evaluated using in vitro 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate) (ABTS) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Inhibitory effects of 48 h-fermented jujube fruit at various concentrations (0.25, 0.50, 1.00, and 2.00 mg/mL) on EC-treated toxicity and DNA damage of Caco-2 cells were estimated using 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and nuclear staining assays, respectively. Effects of different concentrations of jujube fruit on EC-treated Caco-2 cells' intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione (GSH) levels, and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were also evaluated. RESULTS Jujube fruit has rich bioactive components after GMF and shows strong antioxidant capacity. Fermented jujube fruit can inhibit the cytotoxicity and DNA damage of Caco-2 cells caused by EC and reduce intracellular ROS generation, as well as restoring GSH and MMP. CONCLUSIONS Fermented jujube fruit extracts produced by GMF still contain biologically active substances which retain biological activity and antioxidation capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Bao
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuanqing Zhou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China. .,Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China.
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10
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Carvalho APAD, Conte-Junior CA. Health benefits of phytochemicals from Brazilian native foods and plants: Antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-cancer, and risk factors of metabolic/endocrine disorders control. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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11
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Tomiotto-Pellissier F, Alves DR, Morais SMD, Bortoleti BTDS, Gonçalves MD, Silva TF, Tavares ER, Yamauchi LM, Costa IN, Marinho ES, Marinho MM, Conchon-Costa I, Miranda-Sapla MM, Pavanelli WR. Caryocar coriaceum Wittm. fruit extracts as Leishmania inhibitors: in-vitro and in-silico approaches. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 40:8040-8055. [PMID: 33769210 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1905557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a group of neglected diseases caused by parasites of the Leishmania genus. The treatment of Leishmaniasis represents a great challenge, because the available drugs present high toxicity and none of them is fully effective. Caryocar is a botanical genus rich in phenolic compounds, which leaves extracts have already been described by its antileishmanial action. Thus, we investigated the effect of pulp and peel extracts of the Caryocar coriaceum fruit on promastigote and amastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis. Both extracts had antipromastigote effect after 24, 48, and 72 h, and this effect was by apoptosis-like process induction, with reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, damage to the mitochondria and plasma membrane, and phosphatidylserine exposure. Knowing that the fruit extracts did not alter the viability of macrophages, we observed that the treatment reduced the infection of these cells. Thereafter, in the in vitro infection context, the extracts showed antioxidant proprieties, by reducing NO, ROS, and MDA levels. Besides, both peel and pulp extracts up-regulated Nrf2/HO-1/Ferritin expression and increase the total iron-bound in infected macrophages, which culminates in a depletion of available iron for L. amazonensis replication. In silico, the molecular modeling experiments showed that the three flavonoids presented in the C. coriaceum extracts can act as synergistic inhibitors of Leishmania proteins, and compete for the active site. Also, there is a preference for rutin at the active site due to its greater interaction binding strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Tomiotto-Pellissier
- Biosciences and Biotechnology Graduate Program, Carlos Chagas Institute (ICC), Fiocruz, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.,Department of Pathology Science, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Daniela Ribeiro Alves
- Department of Natural Sciences, Ceará State University, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.,Theoretical and Electrochemical Chemistry Group, Faculty of Philosophy Dom Aureliano Matos, State University of Ceará, Limoeiro do Norte, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Bruna Taciane da Silva Bortoleti
- Biosciences and Biotechnology Graduate Program, Carlos Chagas Institute (ICC), Fiocruz, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.,Department of Pathology Science, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Manoela Daiele Gonçalves
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Exact Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Taylon Felipe Silva
- Department of Pathology Science, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Eliandro Reis Tavares
- Department of Microbiology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Lucy Megumi Yamauchi
- Department of Microbiology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Idessania Nazareth Costa
- Department of Pathology Science, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Emmanuel Silva Marinho
- Theoretical and Electrochemical Chemistry Group, Faculty of Philosophy Dom Aureliano Matos, State University of Ceará, Limoeiro do Norte, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Marcia Machado Marinho
- Iguatu Faculty of Education, Science and Letters, State University of Ceará, Iguatu, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Ivete Conchon-Costa
- Department of Pathology Science, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Wander Rogério Pavanelli
- Biosciences and Biotechnology Graduate Program, Carlos Chagas Institute (ICC), Fiocruz, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.,Department of Pathology Science, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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LORENZO ND, SANTOS OVD, LANNES SCDS. Fatty acid composition, cardiovascular functionality, thermogravimetric-differential, calorimetric and spectroscopic behavior of pequi oil (Caryocar villosum (Alb.) Pers.). FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.16420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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13
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de Sá Coutinho D, Pires J, Gomes H, Raffin Pohlmann A, Stanisçuaski Guterres S, Rodrigues e Silva PM, Martins MA, Ferrarini SR, Bernardi A. Pequi ( Caryocar brasiliense Cambess)-Loaded Nanoemulsion, Orally Delivered, Modulates Inflammation in LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12111075. [PMID: 33187057 PMCID: PMC7696187 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pequi is a Brazilian fruit used in folk medicine for pulmonary diseases treatment, but its oil presents bioavailability limitations. The use of nanocarriers can overcome this limitation. We developed nanoemulsions containing pequi oil (pequi-NE) and evaluated their effects in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung injury model. Free pequi oil or pequi-NE (20 mg/kg) was orally administered to A/J mice 16 and 4 h prior to intranasal LPS exposure, and the analyses were performed 24 h after LPS provocation. The physicochemical results revealed that pequi-NE comprised particles with mean diameter of 174–223 nm, low polydispersity index (0.11 ± 0.01), zeta potential of −7.13 ± 0.08 mV, and pH of 5.83 ± 0.12. In vivo evaluation showed that free pequi oil pretreatment reduced the influx of inflammatory cells into bronchoalveolar fluid (BALF), while pequi-NE completely abolished leukocyte accumulation. Moreover, pequi-NE, but not free pequi oil, reduced myeloperoxidase (MPO), TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-1, and KC levels. Similar anti-inflammatory effects were observed when LPS-exposed animals were pre-treated with the nanoemulsion containing pequi or oleic acid. These results suggest that the use of nanoemulsions as carriers enhances the anti-inflammatory properties of oleic acid-containing pequi oil. Moreover, pequi’s beneficial effect is likely due its high levels of oleic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego de Sá Coutinho
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (D.d.S.C.); (H.G.); (P.M.R.eS.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Jader Pires
- Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop 78550-728, Brazil;
| | - Hyago Gomes
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (D.d.S.C.); (H.G.); (P.M.R.eS.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Adriana Raffin Pohlmann
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil;
- College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Brazil;
| | | | - Patrícia Machado Rodrigues e Silva
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (D.d.S.C.); (H.G.); (P.M.R.eS.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Marco Aurelio Martins
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (D.d.S.C.); (H.G.); (P.M.R.eS.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Stela Regina Ferrarini
- Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop 78550-728, Brazil;
- Correspondence: (S.R.F.); (A.B.)
| | - Andressa Bernardi
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (D.d.S.C.); (H.G.); (P.M.R.eS.); (M.A.M.)
- Correspondence: (S.R.F.); (A.B.)
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14
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Wang W, Han Z, Guo D, Xiang Y. UHPLC-QTOFMS-based metabolomic analysis of serum and urine in rats treated with musalais containing varying ethyl carbamate content. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:7627-7637. [PMID: 32897411 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02900-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to investigate the effect of the ethyl carbamate (EC) content in musalais on the metabolism of rats. Electron beam irradiation was performed to decrease the content of EC in musalais, and Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to intragastric administration of musalais with varying EC content (high, medium, and low groups). Control rats were fed normally without any treatment. Serum and urine samples were analyzed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Principal component analysis and orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were performed to detect changes in the metabolite profile in the serum and urine in order to identify the differential metabolites and metabolic pathways. The results demonstrated clear differences in the serum and urine metabolic patterns between control and treatment groups. Ions in treatment groups with variable importance in the projection of >1 (selected from the OPLS-DA loading plots) and Ps < 0.05 (Student t test) compared to control group were identified as candidate metabolites. Analysis of the metabolic pathways relevant to the identified differential metabolites revealed that high EC content in musalais (10 mg/kg) mainly affected rats through valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis and nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, which were associated with energy metabolism. In addition, this work suggests that EC can induce oxidative stress via inhibition of glycine content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Wang
- College of Life Science, Tarim University, Alaer, Xinjiang, 843300, China
| | - ZhanJiang Han
- College of Life Science, Tarim University, Alaer, Xinjiang, 843300, China.
| | - Dongqi Guo
- College of Life Science, Tarim University, Alaer, Xinjiang, 843300, China
| | - Yanju Xiang
- College of Life Science, Tarim University, Alaer, Xinjiang, 843300, China
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15
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Nanoemulsion-based systems as a promising approach for enhancing the antitumoral activity of pequi oil (Caryocar brasilense Cambess.) in breast cancer cells. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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16
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Chu Q, Jia R, Chen W, Liu Y, Li Y, Ye X, Jiang Y, Zheng X. Purified Tetrastigma hemsleyanum vines polysaccharide attenuates EC-induced toxicity in Caco-2 cells and Caenorhabditis elegans via DAF-16/FOXO pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 150:1192-1202. [PMID: 31739013 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ethyl Carbamate (EC), as a carcinogen widely found in fermented foods, was verified that its cytotoxicity was associated with oxidative stress. Polysaccharides from natural sources due to their antioxidative capacity have attracted great attention in the past time. In this study, purified polysaccharide from Tetrastigma hemsleyanum vines (TVP) with 64.89 kDA was extracted and conducted multiple analysis to identify its structural information. It could be discovered that TVP was composed of mannose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, glucose, galactose, and arabinose. In vitro, TVP could inhibit cytotoxicity and genotoxicity, attenuate oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by EC in Caco-2 cells. Meanwhile, TVP could suppress apoptosis by mTOR and Bcl-2 signaling pathways, ameliorate oxidative via Sirt1-FoxO1 and Nrf2-Keap1 signaling pathways. In vivo, EC as well triggered the decline of survival and athletic ability in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) and TVP could reverse the decline. In the meantime, TVP could ameliorate oxidative damage in N2 and daf-2 (-) mutant but fail in daf-16 (-) mutant, which suggested that DAF-16 (FOXO) might affect the antioxidative protection of TVP in C. elegans. In brief, our results manifested that TVP could attenuate EC-induced cytotoxicity both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruoyi Jia
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonglu Li
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Ye
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Shanghai Zhengyue Enterprise Management Co, Ltd., 19th Floor, Block B, Xinchengkonggu Building, No. 388 Zhongjiang Road, Putuo District, Shanghai 600062, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China.
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Nascimento-Silva NRRD, Naves MMV. Potential of Whole Pequi ( Caryocar spp.) Fruit-Pulp, Almond, Oil, and Shell-as a Medicinal Food. J Med Food 2019; 22:952-962. [PMID: 31074677 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2018.0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pequi (Caryocar) pulp, the most consumed component of pequi fruit, is one of the richest Brazilian carotenoid sources, and the most important carotenoid food source native to the Cerrado. However, there are considerable differences among pequi species regarding total carotenoids content and carotenoids profile. Caryocar brasiliense Camb. pulp presents higher content of total carotenoids than Caryocar villosum (Aubl.) Pers. Regarding the carotenoids profile, few studies are available in the literature, mainly with C. brasiliense. Pequi pulp also has high contents of lipids, dietary fiber, zinc, and magnesium, and is source of calcium and polyphenols. Pequi almond presents high energy, lipid, protein, dietary fiber, and ash contents. Pequi oil (pulp and almond) has high levels of monounsaturated fatty acids, especially oleic acid, and relatively high contents of saturated fatty acids, mainly palmitic. Pequi shell (exocarp and external mesocarp) is the largest component of the fruit and a solid residue of the pequi processing, which is rich in dietary fibers, including soluble fibers, and phenolic compounds, mostly gallic acid, ellagic acid, and quercetin. Pulp oil is the pequi byproduct most investigated in in vivo studies. Research with pequi pulp oil in animal models has shown antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, antigenotoxic, and anticarcinogenic effects. In humans, there are evidences supporting anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, and antigenotoxic effects. Studies on carotenoids profile of pequi pulp in different fruit species are recommended, and in vivo studies are necessary to better explore the potential health benefits of pequi fruit components, mainly the pequi pulp and shell.
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Junior AJ, Leitão MM, Bernal LPT, Dos Santos E, Kuraoka-Oliveira ÂM, Justi P, Argandoña EJS, Kassuya CAL. Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Caryocar brasiliense. Antiinflamm Antiallergy Agents Med Chem 2019; 19:313-322. [PMID: 30961515 DOI: 10.2174/1871523018666190408144320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caryocar brasiliense, popularly known as pequi, is widely distributed in the Amazon rainforest and Brazilian savannah. The fruit obtained from pequi is used in cooking and has folk use as an anti-inflammatory and for the treatment of respiratory disease. Until now, these two properties had not been scientifically demonstrated for Pequi oil in a carrageenan model. OBJECTIVE Our group determined the composition and safe use of Pequi oil from the Savannah of Campo Grande, and the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activities of this pequi oil were investigated in vivo models. MATERIALS AND METHODS Doses of 300, 700, and 1000 mg/kg of Pequi oil were administered orally (p.o.) to Swiss male mice, and three parameters of inflammation (mechanical hyperalgesia, cold, hyperalgesia, and oedema) were analyzed in a carrageenan model to induce an inflammatory paw state. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The effects of Pequi oil were also carrageenan in pleurisy model, formalin, and acetic acid induced nociception. Oral administration of 1,000 mg/kg orally Pequi oil (p.o.) inhibited (*P<0.05), the migration of total leukocytes, but not alter plasma extravasation, in the pleurisy model when compared to control groups. The paw edema was inhibited with doses of 700 (P <0.05) and 1,000 mg (P<0.001) of pequi oil after 1, 2, and 4 hours after carrageenan. Pequi oil (1,000 mg/kg) also blocked the mechanical hyperalgesy and reduced cold allodynia induced by carrageenan in paw (P <0.05). Pequi oil treatment (1,000 mg/kg) almost blocked (P < 0.001) all parameters of nociception observed in formalin and acid acetic test. CONCLUSION This is the first time that the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of Pequi oil have been shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Jorge Junior
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Maicon Matos Leitão
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | | | - Elisângela Dos Santos
- University Hospital (HU-UFGD), Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | | | - Priscila Justi
- Faculty of Exact Sciences and Technology, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
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ARAÚJO ACMA, MENEZES EGT, TERRA AWC, DIAS BO, OLIVEIRA ÉRD, QUEIROZ F. Bioactive compounds and chemical composition of Brazilian Cerrado fruits’ wastes: pequi almonds, murici, and sweet passionfruit seeds. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.19417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Li Y, Bao T, Chen W. Comparison of the protective effect of black and white mulberry against ethyl carbamate-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative damage. Food Chem 2018; 243:65-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.09.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Ethyl carbamate: An emerging food and environmental toxicant. Food Chem 2017; 248:312-321. [PMID: 29329860 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.12.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ethyl carbamate (EC), a chemical substance widely present in fermented food products and alcoholic beverages, has been classified as a Group 2A carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). New evidence indicates that long-term exposure to EC may cause neurological disorders. Formation of EC in food and its metabolism have therefore been studied extensively and analytical methods for EC in various food matrices have been established. Due to the potential threat of EC to human health, mitigation strategies for EC in food products by physical, chemical, enzymatic, and genetic engineering methods have been developed. Natural products are suggested to provide protection against EC-induced toxicity through the modulation of oxidative stress. This review summarizes knowledge on the formation and metabolism of EC, detection of EC in food products, toxic effects of EC on various organs, and mitigation strategies including prevention of EC-induced tumorigenesis and genotoxicity by natural products.
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Traesel GK, de Araújo FHS, Castro LHA, de Lima FF, Menegati SELT, Justi PN, Kassuya CAL, Cardoso CAL, Argandoña EJS, Oesterreich SA. Safety Assessment of Oil from Pequi (Caryocar brasilienseCamb.): Evaluation of the Potential Genotoxic and Clastogenic Effects. J Med Food 2017; 20:804-811. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giseli Karenina Traesel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Priscilla Narciso Justi
- Faculty of Exact Sciences and Technology, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
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Oliveira LG, Moreno LG, Melo DS, Costa-Pereira LV, Carvalho MMDF, Silva PHE, Alves AM, Magalhães FDC, Dias-Peixoto MF, Esteves EA. Caryocar brasiliense oil improves cardiac function by increasing Serca2a/PLB ratio despite no significant changes in cardiovascular risk factors in rats. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:37. [PMID: 28179001 PMCID: PMC5299795 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0422-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Caryocar brasiliense (pequi) oil is high in monounsaturated fat acids (MUFA), especially oleic, and in carotenoids, which have been associated with protection against cardiovascular disease. However, this food is poorly studied in this context, especially in the cardiac function. Therefore, we investigated the effects of a long-term intake of pequi oil in systemic cardiovascular risk factors and in the ex vivo cardiac function of rats. Methods Previously, we determined fatty acids and carotenoids in pequi oil. Next, male rats were divided in C – control group feed a standard diet, and PO – pequi oil group fed the same diet added pequi oil (+2.25 g.100 g−1). After 15 weeks, plasma lipids, glucose, insulin, blood pressure, heart rate, hepatic lipids were accessed and visceral fat pads were harvested. Hearts were used for the ex vivo cardiac function, histologic assays, SERCA2a and phospholanban (PLB) determinations. Results In agreement with scientific data, pequi oil had expressive amounts MUFA, especially oleic acid, and carotenoids. Hepatic triglycerides (TG) were reduced by pequi oil intake (p < 0.05). All others cardiovascular risk factors were not changed. The intrinsic heart rate was lower in PO group (p < 0.05). SERCA2a content was higher in this group (p < 0.05), without affecting PLB. Also, SERCA2a/PLB ratio increased in PO group (p < 0.05). Conclusion Pequi oil intake improved cardiac function ex vivo, despite no significant changes in systemic cardiovascular risk factors. The higher lipid offer in pequi oil diet, its composition in oleic acid and carotenoids could be related to those effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidiane Guedes Oliveira
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia (SBFis) - Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri - UFVJM, Rodovia MGT 367 - Km 583, n° 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, MG, Brazil, CEP: 39100-000
| | - Lauane Gomes Moreno
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia (SBFis) - Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri - UFVJM, Rodovia MGT 367 - Km 583, n° 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, MG, Brazil, CEP: 39100-000
| | - Dirceu Sousa Melo
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia (SBFis) - Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri - UFVJM, Rodovia MGT 367 - Km 583, n° 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, MG, Brazil, CEP: 39100-000
| | - Liliane Vanessa Costa-Pereira
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia (SBFis) - Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri - UFVJM, Rodovia MGT 367 - Km 583, n° 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, MG, Brazil, CEP: 39100-000
| | - Mayara Medeiros de Freitas Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto - Campus Universitário, Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil, CEP: 35400-000
| | - Paulo Henrique Evangelista Silva
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia (SBFis) - Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri - UFVJM, Rodovia MGT 367 - Km 583, n° 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, MG, Brazil, CEP: 39100-000
| | - Ana Maria Alves
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia (SBFis) - Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri - UFVJM, Rodovia MGT 367 - Km 583, n° 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, MG, Brazil, CEP: 39100-000
| | - Flávio de Castro Magalhães
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia (SBFis) - Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri - UFVJM, Rodovia MGT 367 - Km 583, n° 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, MG, Brazil, CEP: 39100-000
| | - Marco Fabrício Dias-Peixoto
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia (SBFis) - Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri - UFVJM, Rodovia MGT 367 - Km 583, n° 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, MG, Brazil, CEP: 39100-000
| | - Elizabethe Adriana Esteves
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia (SBFis) - Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri - UFVJM, Rodovia MGT 367 - Km 583, n° 5000, Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, MG, Brazil, CEP: 39100-000.
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Lauane GM, Lidiane GO, Dirceu SM, Liliane VCP, Karine BC, Joao LM, Etel RV, Flvio CM, Marco FDP, Elizabethe AE. Caryocar brasiliense fruit intake ameliorates hepatic fat deposition and improves intestinal structure of rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.5897/jmpr2016.6222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Oral acute and subchronic toxicity studies of the oil extracted from pequi (Caryocar brasiliense, Camb.) pulp in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 97:224-231. [PMID: 27639543 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Caryocar brasiliense (pequi) is a Brazilian fruit of important geographic distribution and of broad popular use for nutritional purposes. This study aimed to evaluate the toxicological potential of pequi through the acute and subchronic toxicity tests. For the acute toxicity test, female Wistar rats received, orally, a single dose of 2000 mg/kg/bw of pequi oil and were observed for 14 days. In subchronic toxicity test, Wistar male and female rats received, orally, repeated doses of 125, 250, 500 or 1000 mg/kg/bw of the oil, being treated and observed for 28 days. In the acute toxicity test, no changes as well as no mortality were observed, indicating that the LD50 is higher than 2000 mg/kg/bw. In the subchronic toxicity test, the tested doses produced no significant changes in behavioral, physiological, biochemical or histopathologic parameters in animals. Some hematological abnormalities were found after subchronic exposure and need to be clarified. These results demonstrate the low toxicity of acute and subchronic to the oil of pequi in rats. However, additional studies are required in order to verify if the hematological abnormalities have any relation to the oil exposure and also provide sufficient safety evidence for the use of the oil in humans.
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Hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx)-induced abnormalities of nucleic acid metabolism revealed by (1)H-NMR-based metabonomics. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24430. [PMID: 27075403 PMCID: PMC4830998 DOI: 10.1038/srep24430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) plays an important role in HBV-related hepatocarcinogenesis; however, mechanisms underlying HBx-mediated carcinogenesis remain unclear. In this study, an NMR-based metabolomics approach was applied to systematically investigate the effects of HBx on cell metabolism. EdU incorporation assay was conducted to examine the effects of HBx on DNA synthesis, an important feature of nucleic acid metabolism. The results revealed that HBx disrupted metabolism of glucose, lipids, and amino acids, especially nucleic acids. To understand the potential mechanism of HBx-induced abnormalities of nucleic acid metabolism, gene expression profiles of HepG2 cells expressing HBx were investigated. The results showed that 29 genes involved in DNA damage and DNA repair were differentially expressed in HBx-expressing HepG2 cells. HBx-induced DNA damage was further demonstrated by karyotyping, comet assay, Western blotting, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry analyses. Many studies have previously reported that DNA damage can induce abnormalities of nucleic acid metabolism. Thus, our results implied that HBx initially induces DNA damage, and then disrupts nucleic acid metabolism, which in turn blocks DNA repair and induces the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). These findings further contribute to our understanding of the occurrence of HCC.
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Faria-Machado AF, Tres A, van Ruth SM, Antoniassi R, Junqueira NTV, Lopes PSN, Bizzo HR. Discrimination of pulp oil and kernel oil from pequi (Caryocar brasiliense) by fatty acid methyl esters fingerprinting, using GC-FID and multivariate analysis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:10064-10069. [PMID: 26506457 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b03699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Pequi is an oleaginous fruit whose edible oil is composed mainly by saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids. The biological and nutritional properties of pequi oil are dependent on its composition, which can change according to the oil source (pulp or kernel). There is little data in the scientific literature concerning the differences between the compositions of pequi kernel and pulp oils. Therefore, in this study, different pequi genotypes were evaluated to determine the fatty acid composition of pulp and kernel oils. PCA and PLS-DA were applied to develop a model to distinguish these oils. For all evaluated genotypes, the major fatty acids of both pulp and kernel oils were oleic and palmitic acids. Despite the apparent similarity between the analyzed samples, it was possible to discriminate pulp and kernel oils by means of their fatty acid composition using chemometrics, as well as the unique pequi genotype without endocarp spines (CPAC-PQ-SE-06).
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelia F Faria-Machado
- Embrapa Food Technology , Av. das Américas 29501, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 23020-470, Brazil
| | - Alba Tres
- RIKILT, Wageningen University and Research Centre , PO 230, 6700AE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia M van Ruth
- RIKILT, Wageningen University and Research Centre , PO 230, 6700AE Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Wageningen University , Food Quality and Design Group, PO Box 17, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rosemar Antoniassi
- Embrapa Food Technology , Av. das Américas 29501, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 23020-470, Brazil
| | - Nilton T V Junqueira
- Embrapa Cerrados , BR 020, km 18, Planaltina, Brasília, Distrito Federal 73310-970, Brazil
| | - Paulo Sergio N Lopes
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Av. Universitária 1000, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais 39404-006, Brazil
| | - Humberto R Bizzo
- Embrapa Food Technology , Av. das Américas 29501, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 23020-470, Brazil
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