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Leistikow KR, May DS, Suh WS, Vargas Asensio G, Schaenzer AJ, Currie CR, Hristova KR. Bacillus subtilis-derived peptides disrupt quorum sensing and biofilm assembly in multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. mSystems 2024; 9:e0071224. [PMID: 38990088 PMCID: PMC11334493 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00712-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most clinically important pathogens in the world, with infections leading to high rates of morbidity and mortality in both humans and animals. The ability of S. aureus to form biofilms protects cells from antibiotics and promotes the transfer of antibiotic resistance genes; therefore, new strategies aimed at inhibiting biofilm growth are urgently needed. Probiotic species, including Bacillus subtilis, are gaining interest as potential therapies against S. aureus for their ability to reduce S. aureus colonization and virulence. Here, we search for strains and microbially derived compounds with strong antibiofilm activity against multidrug-resistant S. aureus by isolating and screening Bacillus strains from a variety of agricultural environments. From a total of 1,123 environmental isolates, we identify a single strain B. subtilis 6D1, with a potent ability to inhibit biofilm growth, disassemble mature biofilm, and improve antibiotic sensitivity of S. aureus biofilms through an Agr quorum sensing interference mechanism. Biochemical and molecular networking analysis of an active organic fraction revealed multiple surfactin isoforms, and an uncharacterized peptide was driving this antibiofilm activity. Compared with commercial high-performance liquid chromatography grade surfactin obtained from B. subtilis, we show these B. subtilis 6D1 peptides are significantly better at inhibiting biofilm formation in all four S. aureus Agr backgrounds and preventing S. aureus-induced cytotoxicity when applied to HT29 human intestinal cells. Our study illustrates the potential of exploring microbial strain diversity to discover novel antibiofilm agents that may help combat multidrug-resistant S. aureus infections and enhance antibiotic efficacy in clinical and veterinary settings. IMPORTANCE The formation of biofilms by multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens, such as Staphylococcus aureus, increases these microorganisms' virulence and decreases the efficacy of common antibiotic regimens. Probiotics possess a variety of strain-specific strategies to reduce biofilm formation in competing organisms; however, the mechanisms and compounds responsible for these phenomena often go uncharacterized. In this study, we identified a mixture of small probiotic-derived peptides capable of Agr quorum sensing interference as one of the mechanisms driving antibiofilm activity against S. aureus. This collection of peptides also improved antibiotic killing and protected human gut epithelial cells from S. aureus-induced toxicity by stimulating an adaptive cytokine response. We conclude that purposeful strain screening and selection efforts can be used to identify unique probiotic strains that possess specially desired mechanisms of action. This information can be used to further improve our understanding of the ways in which probiotic and probiotic-derived compounds can be applied to prevent bacterial infections or improve bacterial sensitivity to antibiotics in clinical and agricultural settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle R. Leistikow
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Daniel S. May
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Washington College, Chestertown, Maryland, USA
| | - Won Se Suh
- Department of Biochemistry & Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Adam J. Schaenzer
- Department of Biochemistry & Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cameron R. Currie
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Guo LZ, Tripathi H, Gao E, Tarhuni WM, Abdel-Latif A. Autotaxin Inhibition Reduces Post-Ischemic Myocardial Inflammation via Epigenetic Gene Modifications. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024:10.1007/s12015-024-10759-7. [PMID: 38985374 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-024-10759-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) triggers a complex inflammatory response that is essential for cardiac repair but can also lead to adverse outcomes if left uncontrolled. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of epigenetic modifications in regulating post-MI inflammation. This study investigated the role of the autotaxin (ATX)/lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) signaling axis in modulating myocardial inflammation through epigenetic pathways in a mouse model of MI. C57BL/6 J mice underwent left anterior descending coronary artery ligation to induce MI and were treated with the ATX inhibitor, PF-8380, or vehicle. Cardiac tissue from the border zone was collected at 6 h, 1, 3, and 7 days post-MI for epigenetic gene profiling using RT2 Profiler PCR Arrays. The results revealed distinct gene expression patterns across sham, MI + Vehicle, and MI + PF-8380 groups. PF-8380 treatment significantly altered the expression of genes involved in inflammation, stress response, and epigenetic regulation compared to the vehicle group. Notably, PF-8380 downregulated Hdac5, Prmt5, and Prmt6, which are linked to exacerbated inflammatory responses, as early as 6 h post-MI. Furthermore, PF-8380 attenuated the reduction of Smyd1, a gene important in myogenic differentiation, at 7 days post-MI. This study demonstrates that the ATX/LPA signaling axis plays a pivotal role in modulating post-MI inflammation via epigenetic pathways. Targeting ATX/LPA signaling may represent a novel therapeutic strategy to control inflammation and improve outcomes after MI. Further research is needed to validate these findings in preclinical and clinical settings and to elucidate the complex interplay between epigenetic mechanisms and ATX/LPA signaling in the context of MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Landys Z Guo
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Himi Tripathi
- Michigan Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine Cardiology, University of Michigan, and the Ann Arbor VA Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Erhe Gao
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wadea M Tarhuni
- Canadian Cardiac Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Ahmed Abdel-Latif
- Michigan Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine Cardiology, University of Michigan, and the Ann Arbor VA Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Khanum R, Chung PY, Clarke SC, Chin BY. Lactoferrin modulates the biofilm formation and bap gene expression of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis. Can J Microbiol 2023; 69:117-122. [PMID: 36265186 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2022-0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Lactoferrin is an innate glycoprotein with broad antibacterial and antibiofilm properties. The autonomous antibiofilm activity of lactoferrin against Gram-positive bacteria is postulated to involve the cell wall and biofilm components. Thus, the prevention of biomass formation and eradication of preformed biofilms by lactoferrin was investigated using a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) strain. Additionally, the ability of lactoferrin to modulate the expression of the biofilm-associated protein gene (bap) was studied. The bap gene regulates the production of biofilm-associated proteins responsible for bacterial adhesion and aggregation. In the in vitro biofilm assays, lactoferrin prevented biofilm formation and eradicated established biofilms for up to 24 and 72 h, respectively. Extensive eradication of MRSE biofilm biomass was accompanied by the significant upregulation of bap gene expression. These data suggest the interaction of lactoferrin with the biofilm components and cell wall of MRSE, including the biofilm-associated protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Khanum
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pooi Yin Chung
- School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Stuart C Clarke
- Faculty of Medicine and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK.,Institute for Research, Development and Innovation, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Beek Yoke Chin
- School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Luo Z, Yue S, Chen T, She P, Wu Y, Wu Y. Reduced Growth of Staphylococcus aureus Under High Glucose Conditions Is Associated With Decreased Pentaglycine Expression. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:537290. [PMID: 33224107 PMCID: PMC7667020 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.537290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The high-glucose-induced cytotoxicity in diabetes has been widely recognized. Staphylococcus aureus is the most frequent pathogen isolated from diabetic foot ulcers, but the properties of this bacterium under high glucose conditions remain unclear. S. aureus grew in medium usually forms weak biofilm, and which was significantly increased by addition of glucose. However, extracellular DNA (eDNA), an important component of biofilms, was markedly decreased in presence of 15 mM glucose. The reduced eDNA content was not caused by degradation, because the nuclease activity of biofilm supernatants with glucose was significantly decreased due to the acidic pH of the medium. Under planktonic state, the growth of S. aureus was significantly decreased in the Luria-Bertani (LB) medium supplemented with 25 mM glucose, and the reduced growth of S. aureus by glucose was dose-dependent. Except for glucose, the growth of planktonic S. aureus was also markedly decreased by fructose or sucrose. Amounts of acid metabolites were produced under high glucose conditions, but the survival of planktonic S. aureus was unaffected by these acidic conditions. Cells of S. aureus from the culture medium with glucose had a thinner cell wall and highly resistant to lysostaphin compared with the bacteria cultured in LB medium. mRNA expression of genes encoding pentaglycine bridges, the substrate of lysostaphin, was significantly decreased in S. aureus by glucose. In addition to S. aureus, the growth of Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Staphylococcus epidermidis was also significantly decreased by an excess of glucose, but strains of Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were unaffected by glucose. In conclusion, the reduced growth of S. aureus under high glucose conditions is due to impairment of the unique cell-wall structure, pentaglycine bridges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shan Yue
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Ti Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pengfei She
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuan Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Kelly AM, Chen PJ, Klubnick J, Blair DJ, Burke MD. A Mild Method for Making MIDA Boronates. Org Lett 2020; 22:9408-9414. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aidan M. Kelly
- Roger Adams Laboratory, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 S, Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Peng-Jui Chen
- Roger Adams Laboratory, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 S, Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jenna Klubnick
- Roger Adams Laboratory, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 S, Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Daniel J. Blair
- Roger Adams Laboratory, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 S, Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Martin D. Burke
- Roger Adams Laboratory, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 S, Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, 807 South Wright Street, Urbana, Illinois 61820, United States
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Dr., Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 405 North Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 S Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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Rodríguez A, Duyvejonck H, Van Belleghem JD, Gryp T, Van Simaey L, Vermeulen S, Van Mechelen E, Vaneechoutte M. Comparison of procedures for RNA-extraction from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229423. [PMID: 32084228 PMCID: PMC7034890 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA quality and quantity are important factors for ensuring the accuracy of gene expression analysis and other RNA-based downstream applications. Thus far, only a limited number of methodological studies have compared sample storage and RNA extraction procedures for human cells. We compared three commercially available RNA extraction kits, i.e., (NucliSENS) easyMAG, RNeasy (Mini Kit) and RiboPure (RNA Purification Kit–blood). In addition, additional conditions, such as storage medium and storage temperature of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were evaluated, i.e., 4 °C for RNAlater or -80 °C for QIAzol and for the respective cognate lysis buffers; easyMAG, RNeasy or RiboPure. RNA was extracted from aliquots that had been stored for one day (Run 1) or 83 days (Run 2). After DNase treatment, quantity and quality of RNA were assessed by means of a NanoDrop spectrophotometer, 2100 Bioanalyzer and RT-qPCR for the ACTB reference gene. We observed that high-quality RNA can be obtained using RNeasy and RiboPure, regardless of the storage medium, whereas samples stored in RNAlater resulted in the least amount of RNA extracted. In addition, RiboPure combined with storage of samples in its cognate lysis buffer yielded twice as much RNA as all other procedures. These results were supported by RT-qPCR and by the reproducibility observed for two independent extraction runs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Rodríguez
- Laboratory Bacteriology Research, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Hans Duyvejonck
- Laboratory Bacteriology Research, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Education, Health and Social Work, University College Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jonas D. Van Belleghem
- Laboratory Bacteriology Research, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Tessa Gryp
- Laboratory Bacteriology Research, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Leen Van Simaey
- Laboratory Bacteriology Research, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefan Vermeulen
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Education, Health and Social Work, University College Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Els Van Mechelen
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Education, Health and Social Work, University College Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mario Vaneechoutte
- Laboratory Bacteriology Research, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Khodzhaeva V, Makeeva A, Ulyanova V, Zelenikhin P, Evtugyn V, Hardt M, Rozhina E, Lvov Y, Fakhrullin R, Ilinskaya O. Binase Immobilized on Halloysite Nanotubes Exerts Enhanced Cytotoxicity toward Human Colon Adenocarcinoma Cells. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:631. [PMID: 28955235 PMCID: PMC5600959 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Many ribonucleases (RNases) are considered as promising tools for antitumor therapy because of their selective cytotoxicity toward cancer cells. Binase, the RNase from Bacillus pumilus, triggers apoptotic response in cancer cells expressing RAS oncogene which is mutated in a large percentage of prevalent and deadly malignancies including colorectal cancer. The specific antitumor effect of binase toward RAS-transformed cells is due to its direct binding of RAS protein and inhibition of downstream signaling. However, the delivery of proteins to the intestine is complicated by their degradation in the digestive tract and subsequent loss of therapeutic activity. Therefore, the search of new systems for effective delivery of therapeutic proteins is an actual task. This study is aimed to the investigation of antitumor effect of binase immobilized on natural halloysite nanotubes (HNTs). Here, we have developed the method of binase immobilization on HNTs and optimized the conditions for the enzyme loading and release (i); we have found the non-toxic concentration of pure HNTs which allows to distinguish HNTs- and binase-induced cytotoxic effects (ii); using dark-field and fluorescent microscopy we have proved the absorption of binase-loaded HNTs on the cell surface (iii) and demonstrated that binase-halloysite nanoformulations possessed twice enhanced cytotoxicity toward tumor colon cells as compared to the cytotoxicity of binase itself (iv). The enhanced antitumor activity of biocompatible binase-HNTs complex confirms the advisability of its future development for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Khodzhaeva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal UniversityKazan, Russia
| | - Anna Makeeva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal UniversityKazan, Russia
| | - Vera Ulyanova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal UniversityKazan, Russia
| | - Pavel Zelenikhin
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal UniversityKazan, Russia
| | - Vladimir Evtugyn
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal UniversityKazan, Russia
| | - Martin Hardt
- Imaging Unit, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg, Justus Liebig University GiessenGiessen, Germany
| | - Elvira Rozhina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal UniversityKazan, Russia
| | - Yuri Lvov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal UniversityKazan, Russia
- Institute for Micromanufacturing, Louisiana Tech University, RustonLA, United States
| | - Rawil Fakhrullin
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal UniversityKazan, Russia
- Institute for Micromanufacturing, Louisiana Tech University, RustonLA, United States
| | - Olga Ilinskaya
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal UniversityKazan, Russia
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