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Elsayed Abouzed DE, Ezelarab HAA, Selim HMRM, Elsayed MMA, El Hamd MA, Aboelez MO. Multimodal modulation of hepatic ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury by phytochemical agents: A mechanistic evaluation of hepatoprotective potential and safety profiles. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 138:112445. [PMID: 38944946 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a clinically fundamental phenomenon that occurs through liver resection surgery, trauma, shock, and transplantation. AIMS OF THE REVIEW This review article affords an expanded and comprehensive overview of various natural herbal ingredients that have demonstrated hepatoprotective effects against I/R injury through preclinical studies in animal models. MATERIALS AND METHODS For the objective of this investigation, an extensive examination was carried out utilizing diverse scientific databases involving PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB), and Research Gate. The investigation was conducted based on specific identifiable terms, such as hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury, liver resection and transplantation, cytokines, inflammation, NF-kB, interleukins, herbs, plants, natural ingredients, phenolic extract, and aqueous extract. RESULTS Bioactive ingredients derived from ginseng, curcumin, resveratrol, epigallocatechin gallate, quercetin, lycopene, punicalagin, crocin, celastrol, andrographolide, silymarin, and others and their effects on hepatic IRI were discussed. The specific mechanisms of action, signaling pathways, and clinical relevance for attenuation of liver enzymes, cytokine production, immune cell infiltration, oxidative damage, and cell death signaling in rodent studies are analyzed in depth. Their complex molecular actions involve modulation of pathways like TLR4, NF-κB, Nrf2, Bcl-2 family proteins, and others. CONCLUSION The natural ingredients have promising values in the protection and treatment of various chronic aggressive clinical conditions, and that need to be evaluated on humans by clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deiaa E Elsayed Abouzed
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt.
| | - Hend A A Ezelarab
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519 Minia, Egypt.
| | - Heba Mohammed Refat M Selim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Diriyah 13713, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 35527, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud M A Elsayed
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed A El Hamd
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt.
| | - Moustafa O Aboelez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
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2
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Zhao X, Li Y, Wu S, Wang Y, Liu B, Zhou H, Li F. Role of extracellular vesicles in pathogenesis and therapy of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115229. [PMID: 37506581 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (RIRI) is a complex disorder characterized by both intrinsic damage to renal tubular epithelial cells and extrinsic inflammation mediated by cytokines and immune cells. Unfortunately, there is no cure for this devastating condition. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized membrane-bound vesicles secreted by various cell types that can transfer bioactive molecules to target cells and modulate their function. EVs have emerged as promising candidates for cell-free therapy of RIRI, owing to their ability to cross biological barriers and deliver protective signals to injured renal cells. In this review, we provide an overview of EVs, focusing on their functional role in RIRI and the signaling messengers responsible for EV-mediated crosstalk between various cell types in renal tissue. We also discuss the renoprotective role of EVs and their use as therapeutic agents for RIRI, highlighting the advantages and challenges encountered in the therapeutic application of EVs in renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zhao
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yunkuo Li
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Shouwang Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yuxiong Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Honglan Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Faping Li
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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Kadhim LF, Gany SN, Qassam H, Hadi NR, Kadhim S. Potential nephroprotective effects of angiotensin II type 2 receptor agonist Compound 21 in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Med Life 2023; 16:1428-1432. [PMID: 38107718 PMCID: PMC10719785 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2023-0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the reno-protective potential of Compound 21 during renal ischemia-reperfusion injury by regulating the PI3K expression. 20 adult male Swiss-albino mice, aged 8-12 weeks and weighing 20-30g, were randomly assigned to four equal groups: sham, control, vehicle, and Compound 21. Serum urea, creatinine, inflammatory mediators, tissue 8-isoprostane, and myeloperoxidase were quantified using ELISA. Compared to the sham group, blood levels of urea, creatinine, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 were significantly higher in the ischemia-reperfusion group than in the sham group (p<0.05). However, these indicators were significantly lower in the Compound 21 group (p<0.05). Histological analysis revealed significant renal tissue damage in the ischemia-reperfusion group (p<0.05), which was significantly reduced in the Compound 21 group (p<0.05). PCR results showed that PI3K expression was significantly lower (p<0.05) in the control group compared to the sham group but significantly higher in the Compound 21 group (p<0.05). Furthermore, P-AKT expression levels in the control group were considerably lower than in the sham group (p<0.05). On the other hand, the level of P-AKT expression in the Compound 21 group was significantly upregulated compared to the control group (p<0.05). The findings revealed that Compound 21 could mitigate renal dysfunction induced by ischemia-reperfusion injury in male mice through modulation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, resulting in decreased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and renal oxidative stress markers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Heider Qassam
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq
| | - Najah Rayish Hadi
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq
| | - Salim Kadhim
- College of Pharmacy, Al-Kafeel University, Al-Najaf, Iraq
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Chen HT, Yu BH, Yeh MH, Hung SK, Chen YC. Dose- and time-dependent renoprotection of Angelica sinensis in patients with chronic kidney disease: A longitudinal cohort study. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1153583. [PMID: 37180720 PMCID: PMC10166798 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1153583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Based on their anti-oxidative and anti-fibrotic properties, Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels roots [Apiaceae; Radix Angelicae sinensis] (Danggui [abbreviated as S in the context]), Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge [Fabaceae; Astragalus membranaceus] (Huangqi [A]), Rheum palmatum L. [Polygonaceae; Rheum palmatum] (Dahuang [R]), and Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge [Lamiaceae; Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge radix et rhizoma] (Danshen [D]) are potential renoprotective Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs). Renoprotection using ARD alone for the treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been documented in pre-clinical, clinical, and meta-analysis research; however, only pre-clinical data are available for the use of S alone. Moreover, with an increasing number of CKD patients taking prescribed CHMs, hyperkalemia risk remains unclear. Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed national health insurance claims data in 2001-2017. Propensity score matching was used to analyze renal and survival outcomes and the dose-response effects of S without ARD use in 18,348 new S users, 9,174 new ARD users, and 36,696 non-users. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to investigate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the presence of competing mortality and death. The additive effect of the S herb in single form to compounds was also analyzed. Additionally, to analyze hyperkalemia risk, an exact match on each covariate was used to include 42,265 new CHM users and non-users, while Poisson regression was used to estimate adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRRs) of hyperkalemia of prescribed CHMs. Results: S users and ARD users were associated with aHRs of 0.77 (95% confidence interval; 0.69-0.86) and 1.04 (0.91-1.19), respectively, for ESRD and 0.55 (0.53-0.57) and 0.71 (0.67-0.75), respectively, for death. The renal and survival benefits of S use were consistent in several sensitivity analyses. The dose- and time-dependent renoprotection and dose-dependent survival benefits were observed for S use. The top two additive renoprotective collocations of the S herb in compounds were Xue-Fu-Zhu-Yu-Tang and Shen-Tong-Zhu-Yu-Tang, followed by Shu-Jing-Huo-Xue-Tang and Shen-Tong-Zhu-Yu-Tang. Moreover, CHM users were associated with aIRRs of 0.34 (0.31-0.37) for hyperkalemia. Conclusion: This study suggests dose- and time-dependent renoprotection and dose-dependent survival benefits of the S herb in compounds and no increased hyperkalemia risk of the prescribed CHMs in CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Tien Chen
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ben-Hui Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsien Yeh
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Kai Hung
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Chen
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan
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Anti-inflammatory Effect of a Limonin Derivative In Vivo and Its Mechanisms in RAW264.7 Cells. Inflammation 2023; 46:190-201. [PMID: 35986873 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01722-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A potential new limonoid derivative, (12S,12aS)-6,6,8a,12a-tetramethyl-12-(5-(4-(piperidin-1-yl)butanoyl)furan-3-yl)decahydro-1H,3H-oxireno[2,3-d]pyrano[4',3':3,3a]isobenzofuro[5,4-f]isochromene-3,8,10(6H,9aH)-trione (I-C-1), has been screened for its anti-inflammatory activity. This study aimed to demonstrate the anti-inflammatory activities of I-C-1 and to further explore the underlying mechanisms of these activities in RAW264.7 macrophages. We verified the anti-inflammatory activity of I-C-1 in vivo by a carrageenan-induced paw edema model in rats and cotton pellet-induced granuloma in mice. Further, we found that I-C-1 significantly inhibited levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells. I-C-1 demonstrated strong inhibition of the NF-κB activation through repression of the IKKα and IKKβ phosphorylations, as well as a significant suppression of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/serine-threonine kinase (Akt) pathway, an upstream of the NF-κB pathway. Additionally, we verified the inhibitory effect of I-C-1 on PI3K phosphorylation by immunofluorescence assay and compared the effects of I-C-1 with the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 in IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels. The data indicated that I-C-1 likely acts as an inhibitor of PI3K, exerting anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway. Based on these findings, we believe that I-C-1 has the potential to be further developed as a potential therapeutic agent for inflammatory-related diseases.
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Zahran EM, Sayed AM, Alaaeldin R, Elrehany MA, Khattab AR, Abdelmohsen UR. Bioactives and functional food ingredients with promising potential for the management of cerebral and myocardial ischemia: a comprehensive mechanistic review. Food Funct 2022; 13:6859-6874. [PMID: 35698869 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00834c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia is a deadly disease featured by restricted perfusion to different organs in the body. An increase in the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and cell debris is the driving force for inducing many oxidative, inflammatory and apoptotic signaling pathways. However, the number of therapeutics existing for ischemic stroke patients is limited and there is insufficient data on their efficiency, which warrants the search for novel therapeutic candidates from natural sources. Herein, a comprehensive survey was done on the reported functional food bioactives (ca. 152 compounds) to manage or protect against health consequences of myocardial and cerebral ischemia. Furthermore, we reviewed the reported mechanistic studies for their anti-ischemic potential. Subsequently, network pharmacology- and in silico-based studies were conducted using the reported myocardial and cerebral ischemia-relevant molecular targets to study their complex interactions and highlight key targets in disease pathogenesis. Subsequently, the most prominent 20 compounds in the literature were used in a comprehensive in silico-based analysis (inverse docking, ΔG calculation and molecular dynamics simulation) to determine other potential targets for these compounds and their probable interactions with different signaling pathways relevant to this disease. Many functional food bioactives, belonging to different chemical classes, i.e., flavonoids, saponins, phenolics, alkaloids, iridoids and carotenoids, were proven to exhibit multifactorial effects in targeting the complex pathophysiology of ischemic conditions. These merits make them valuable therapeutic agents that can outperform the conventional drugs, and hence they can be utilized as add-ons to the conventional therapy for the management of different ischemic conditions; however, their rigorous clinical assessment is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Maher Zahran
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, 7 Universities Zone, New Minia 61111, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed M Sayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, 62513 Beni-Suef, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Almaaqal University, 61014 Basra, Iraq
| | - Rania Alaaeldin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of pharmacy, Deraya University, University Zone, 61111 New Minia City, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Elrehany
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of pharmacy, Deraya University, University Zone, 61111 New Minia City, Egypt
| | - Amira R Khattab
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, Alexandria 1029, Egypt
| | - Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, 7 Universities Zone, New Minia 61111, Egypt. .,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
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7
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Hashemi SS, Janfeshan S, Karimi Z. Acute lung injury induced by acute uremia and renal ischemic-reperfusion injury: The role of toll-like receptors 2 and 4, and oxidative stress. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 25:643-651. [PMID: 35911649 PMCID: PMC9282739 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2022.64025.14099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Acute lung injury (ALI) is a common complication of distant organ dysfunction induced by acute kidney injury (AKI). Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have a critical role in progression of AKI. The main goal of this study was to determine whether lung gene expression of TLR2 and TLR4 change by ischemic (renal bilateral ischemic-reperfusion; BIR) and uremic (bilateral nephrectomy; BNX) AKI. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty male rats were divided into five groups. Two kidneys were removed in BNX, and renal pedicles were clamped in BIR for 45 min. The kidney and lung tissue, and blood samples were collected and saved after 24 hr in all groups. The bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were immediately injected (1×106,IV) into the treated groups. The expression of TLR2, TLR4, TNF-α, and VEGF was checked by RT-PCR in the tissue samples. MDA level, SOD, and CAT activity were evaluated in the tissue samples. RESULTS Structural disturbance of ALI was detected as alveolar hemorrhage and vascular congestion after BIR and BNX. Lung TLR2 and TLR4 but not TNF-α and VEGF up-regulated in these groups. Oxidative stress stabilized after the BIR and BNX in the tissue samples. BMSCs reduce the expression of TLR2 and TLR4 and oxidative stress in the treated groups. CONCLUSION Acutely gathering systemic mediators after renal ischemic or uremic injury induce ALI through overexpression of TLR2 and TLR4 and oxidative stress. Therefore, the Lung protective effect of BMSCs may be related to modulation of TLR2 and TLR4 and oxidative stress in the kidney and lung tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh-Sara Hashemi
- Burn and Wound Healing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sahar Janfeshan
- Shiraz Nephro-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zeinab Karimi
- Shiraz Nephro-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,Corresponding author: Zeinab Karimi. Shiraz Nephro-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Shiraz Nephro-Urology Research Center, Muhammad Rasoololah Research Tower, Khalili Avenue, Shiraz, Iran. Tel/Fax: +98-7136281563;
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Dong SJ, Gao XY, Pei MX, Luo T, Fan D, Chen YL, Jin JF, Zhao XD. Effects and Mechanism of Salvianolic Acid B on the Injury of Human Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells Induced by Iopromide. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:761908. [PMID: 35035354 PMCID: PMC8758562 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.761908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
With the increasing application of medical imaging contrast materials, contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) has become the third major cause of iatrogenic renal insufficiency. CIN is defined as an absolute increase in serum creatinine levels of at least 0.50 mg/dl or an increase >25% of serum creatinine from baseline after exposure to contrast. In this study, the protective effects of salvianolic acid B (Sal B) were detected in human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) exposed to iopromide. The results showed that different concentrations of Sal B counteract the loss of cell viability induced by iopromide, and reduce cell apoptosis, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and the levels of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)–related and apoptosis-related proteins such as p-IRE-1α, p-eIF-2α/eIF-2α, p-JNK, CHOP, Bax/Bcl-2, and cleaved caspase-3. In addition, Sal B at a concentration of 100 μmol/L inhibited ERS and reduced cell damage to a similar extent as the ERS inhibitor 4-PBA. Importantly, treatment with Sal B could abolish the injury induced by ERS agonist tunicamycin, increasing cell viability and the mitochondrial membrane potential, as well as significantly reducing ROS levels and the expression of Bax/Bcl-2, cleaved-caspase-3, GRP78, p-eIF2α, p-JNK, and CHOP. These results suggested that the protective effect of Sal B against HK-2 cell injury induced by iopromide may be related to the inhibition of ERS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Jun Dong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Xin-Yue Gao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Ming-Xin Pei
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Ting Luo
- Department of Pathology, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, China
| | - Dong Fan
- Department of Pathology, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yan-Ling Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Jun-Feng Jin
- Department of Pathology, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Xiao-Duo Zhao
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Attenuation Effect of Salvianolic Acid B on Testicular Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7680182. [PMID: 35069978 PMCID: PMC8776430 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7680182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
During testicular ischemia-reperfusion, overproduction of reactive oxygen species is associated with testicular injury. We injected hydrogen peroxide (a representative of reactive oxygen species) into normal testis via the testicular artery. The experiment demonstrates that reactive oxygen species can cause spermatogenic injury. Salvianolic acid B, the most abundant bioactive component in Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, has been reported to possess a potent antioxidant activity. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of salvianolic acid B on testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury in a rat testicular torsion-detorsion model. Rats were randomly separated into three groups, including 20 rats in each group: control group with sham operation, testicular ischemia-reperfusion group, and testicular ischemia-reperfusion + salvianolic acid B-treated group. In the testicular ischemia-reperfusion group, left testicular torsion of 720° for 2 hours was induced, and then testicular detorsion was carried out. Rats in the salvianolic acid B-treated group additionally had salvianolic acid B administered intravenously at detorsion. At 4 hours after detorsion, testes of 10 rats from each group were collected to analyze the protein expression of xanthine oxidase which catalyzes generation of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde concentration (an indirect indicator of reactive oxygen species). At 3 months after detorsion, testes of the remaining 10 rats from each group were collected to analyze spermatogenesis. Compared with the control group, xanthine oxidase protein expression and malondialdehyde concentration in ipsilateral testes of testicular ischemia-reperfusion group increased significantly, while spermatogenesis decreased significantly. In the salvianolic acid B-treated group, xanthine oxidase protein expression and malondialdehyde concentration in ipsilateral testes decreased significantly, while spermatogenesis increased significantly, compared with the testicular ischemia-reperfusion group. These results suggest that salvianolic acid B can attenuate testicular torsion/detorsion-induced ischemia/reperfusion injury by downregulating the xanthine oxidase protein expression to inhibit reactive oxygen species formation.
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Shao M, Ye C, Bayliss G, Zhuang S. New Insights Into the Effects of Individual Chinese Herbal Medicines on Chronic Kidney Disease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:774414. [PMID: 34803715 PMCID: PMC8599578 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.774414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical and experimental study into the effects of Chinese herbal medicines on chronic kidney disease has evolved over the past 40 years with new insight into their mechanism and evidence of their clinical effects. Among the many traditional Chinese herbs examined in chronic renal disease, five were found to have evidence of sufficient clinical efficacy, high frequency of use, and well-studied mechanism. They are: Abelmoschus manihot and Huangkui capsule, Salvia miltiorrhiza and its components (tanshinone II A, salvianolic acid A and B); Rhizoma coptidis and its monomer berberine; Tripterygium wilfordii and its components (triptolide, tripterygium glycosides); Kudzu root Pueraria and its monomer Puerarin. These Chinese herbal medications have pharmaceutical effects against fibrosis, inflammation and oxidative stress and also promote renal repair and regeneration. This article reviews their clinical efficacy, anti-fibrotic effects in animal models, and molecular mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghai Shao
- Department of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaoyang Ye
- Department of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - George Bayliss
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.,Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Salvianolic Acid A Suppresses DNCB-Induced Atopic Dermatitis-Like Symptoms in BALB/c Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:7902592. [PMID: 34691223 PMCID: PMC8531767 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7902592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Prevalence of atopic dermatitis (AD), a chronic, pruritic, and relapsing inflammatory skin disorder, is growing. Because available therapeutics is limited, immune regulators from natural resources could be helpful for treating AD symptoms. The root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Lamiaceae) has been studied for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, including dermatologic disorders in Korea. This study examined the effect of salvianolic acid A on AD-like symptoms. Sensitization on the dorsal skin and repeated application on the ears with 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) were performed in BALB/c mice to induce AD-like skin lesions. After induction of atopic dermatitis, salvianolic acid A (5 and 10 mg/kg) or dexamethasone (10 mg/kg) were administrated via intraperitoneal injection for 3 weeks. Salvianolic acid A suppressed DNCB-induced AD-like symptoms like ear skin hypertrophy and decreased mast cell infiltration into skin lesions. Salvianolic acid A not only reduced DNCB-induced increase of serum IgE but also lowered levels of the Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-13), Th1 cytokine (interferon-γ), and Th17 cytokine (IL-17A). Furthermore, salvianolic acid A blocked DNCB-induced lymph node enlargement. In summary, these results suggest that salvianolic acid A might have a therapeutic potential for the treatment of AD.
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Zhao M, Yu Y, Wang R, Chang M, Ma S, Qu H, Zhang Y. Mechanisms and Efficacy of Chinese Herbal Medicines in Chronic Kidney Disease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:619201. [PMID: 33854427 PMCID: PMC8039908 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.619201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As the current treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is limited, it is necessary to seek more effective and safer treatment methods, such as Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs). In order to clarify the modern theoretical basis and molecular mechanisms of CHMs, we reviewed the knowledge based on publications in peer-reviewed English-language journals, focusing on the anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, anti-apoptotic, autophagy-mediated and antifibrotic effects of CHMs commonly used in kidney disease. We also discussed recently published clinical trials and meta-analyses in this field. Based on recent studies regarding the mechanisms of kidney disease in vivo and in vitro, CHMs have anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, anti-apoptotic, autophagy-mediated, and antifibrotic effects. Several well-designed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses demonstrated that the use of CHMs as an adjuvant to conventional medicines may benefit patients with CKD. Unknown active ingredients, low quality and small sample sizes of some clinical trials, and the safety of CHMs have restricted the development of CHMs. CHMs is a potential method in the treatment of CKD. Further study on the mechanism and well-conducted RCTs are urgently needed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of CHMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Rumeng Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Meiying Chang
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sijia Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Qu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Khan H, Singh A, Thapa K, Garg N, Grewal AK, Singh TG. Therapeutic modulation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3K) pathway in cerebral ischemic injury. Brain Res 2021; 1761:147399. [PMID: 33662337 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury may leads to morbidity and mortality in patients. phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway has been believed to work in association with its downstream targets, other receptors, and pathways that may offer antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic effects, neuroprotective role in neuronal excitotoxicity. This review elaborates the mechanistic interventions of the PI3K pathway in cerebral ischemic injury in context to nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) regulation, Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 signaling (HIF-1), growth factors, Endothelial NOS (eNOS) proinflammatory cytokines, Erythropoietin (EPO), Phosphatase and tensin homologous protein of chromosome 10 gene (PTEN) signaling, NF-κB/Notch signaling, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) signaling pathway. Evidences showing the activation of PI3K inhibits apoptotic pathway, which results in its neuroprotective effect in ischemic injury. Despite discussing the therapeutic role of the PI3K pathway in treating cerebral ischemic injury, the review also enlighten the selective modulation of PI3K pathway with activators and inhibitors which may provide promising results in clinical and preclinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heena Khan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Anjali Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Komal Thapa
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India; School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Nikhil Garg
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
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14
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Mai X, Yin X, Chen P, Zhang M. Salvianolic Acid B Protects Against Fatty Acid-Induced Renal Tubular Injury via Inhibition of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:574229. [PMID: 33384598 PMCID: PMC7770132 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.574229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims: Obesity-related kidney disease is associated with elevated levels of saturated free fatty acids (SFA). SFA lipotoxicity in tubular cells contributes to significant cellular apoptosis and injury. Salvianolic acid B (SalB) is the most abundant bioactive molecule from Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae. In this study, we investigated the effect of SalB on SFA-induced renal tubular injury and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, in vivo and in vitro. Methods: C57BL/6 mice were assigned to five groups: a control group with normal diet (Nor), high-fat diet group (HFD), and HFD with three different SalB treatment doses, low (SalBL; 3 mg/kg), medium (SalBM; 6.25 mg/kg), and high (SalBH; 12.5 mg/kg) doses. SalB was intraperitoneally injected daily for 4 weeks after 8 weeks of HFD. After 12 weeks, mice were sacrificed and kidneys and sera were collected. Apoptosis and ER stress were induced in human proximal tubule epitelial (HK2) cells by palmitic acid (PA, 0.6 mM), tunicamycin (TM, 1 μg/ml), or thapsigargin (TG, 200 nM) in vitro. Results: C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks exhibited increased apoptosis (Bax and cleaved caspase-3) and ER stress (BIP, P-eIF2α, ATF4, CHOP, ATF6, IRE1α, and XBP1s) markers expression in the kidney, compared with control mice, which were remarkably suppressed by SalB treatment. In vitro studies showed that PA (0.6 mM) induced apoptosis and ER stress in cultured HK2 cells. SalB treatment attenuated all the adverse effects of PA. However, SalB failed to inhibit TM or TG-induced ER stress in HK2 cells. Conclusion: The study indicated that SalB may play an important role in obesity-related kidney injury via mediating SFA-induced ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Mai
- Department of Critical-care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,AMI Key Lab of Chinese Medicine in Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Yin
- Department of Critical-care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peipei Chen
- Department of Critical-care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,AMI Key Lab of Chinese Medicine in Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minzhou Zhang
- Department of Critical-care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,AMI Key Lab of Chinese Medicine in Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China
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Salvianolic Acid B Improves Postresuscitation Myocardial and Cerebral Outcomes in a Murine Model of Cardiac Arrest: Involvement of Nrf2 Signaling Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:1605456. [PMID: 32714485 PMCID: PMC7352143 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1605456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Survival and outcome of cardiac arrest (CA) are dismal despite improvements in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Salvianolic acid B (Sal B), extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza, has been investigated for its cardioprotective properties in cardiac remodeling and ischemic heart disease, but less is known about its role in CA. The aim of this study was to learn whether Sal B improves cardiac and neurologic outcomes after CA/CPR in mice. Female C57BL/6 mice were subjected to eight minutes of CA induced by an intravenous injection of potassium chloride (KCl), followed by CPR. After 30 seconds of CPR, mice were blindly randomized to receive either Sal B (20 mg/kg) or vehicle (normal saline) intravenously. Hemodynamic variables and indices of left ventricular function were determined before CA and within three hours after CPR, the early postresuscitation period. Sal B administration resulted in a remarkable decrease in the time required for the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in animals that successfully resuscitated compared to the vehicle-treated mice. Myocardial performance, including cardiac output and left ventricular systolic (dp/dtmax) and diastolic (dp/dtmin) function, was clearly ameliorated within three hours of ROSC in the Sal B-treated mice. Moreover, Sal B inhibited CA/CPR-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and preserved mitochondrial morphology and function. Mechanistically, Sal B dramatically promoted Nrf2 nuclear translocation through the downregulation of Keap1, which resulted in the expression of antioxidant enzymes, including HO-1 and NQO1, thereby counteracted the oxidative damage in response to CA/CPR. The aforementioned antiapoptotic and antioxidant effects of Sal B were impaired in the setting of gene silencing of Nrf2 with siRNA in vitro model. These improvements were associated with better neurological function and increased survival rate (75% vs. 40%, p < 0.05) up to 72 hours postresuscitation. Our findings suggest that the administration of Sal B improved cardiac function and neurological outcomes in a murine model of CA via activating the Nrf2 antioxidant signaling pathway, which may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of CA.
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Wang S, Zhu L, Xu Y, Qin Z, Xu A. Salvianolic acid B ameliorates psoriatic changes in imiquimod-induced psoriasis on BALB/c mice by inhibiting inflammatory and keratin markers via altering phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 24:213-221. [PMID: 32392912 PMCID: PMC7193910 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2020.24.3.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Salvianolic acid B (SAB) is an active phytocomponent of a popular Chinese herb called Radix Salvia militiorrhiza with numerous biological properties. The anti-psoriasis activity of SAB was examined by evaluating various psoriasis inflammatory and keratin markers against imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis on BALB/c mice. Totally 50 healthy BALB/c mice were evenly divided into 5 groups including control, drug control (SAB; 40 mg/kg), IMQ-induced psoriasis (5%), IMQ exposure and treated with SAB (40 mg/kg), or standard methotrexate (MTX; 1 mg/kg). Mice supplemented with either SAB or MTX significantly lowered the values of psoriasis area severity index (PASI), erythema, scaling, skin thickness, inflammatory markers (interleukin [IL]-22/23/17A/1β/6) and lipid peroxidation product (malondialdehyde). Also, IMQ exposed BALB/c mice treated with SAB or MTX display lesser histopathological changes with enhanced antioxidant activities (catalase, superoxide dismutase). Moreover, the protein expression of keratin markers (K16 and K17) and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling proteins (pAkt/Akt and pPI3K/PI3K) were significantly downregulated after administration with SAB and MTX as compared with IMQ induced mice. Taking together, SAB and MTX significantly ameliorate psoriatic changes by inhibiting psoriatic inflammatory and keratin markers through abolishing PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. However, further studies (clinical trials) are needed to confirm the anti-psoriatic property of SAB before recommending to psoriasis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoufan Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, China
| | - Lihong Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, China
| | - Yihou Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, China
| | - Zongbi Qin
- Department of Dermatology, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, China
| | - Aiqin Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, China
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17
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Licorice Extracts Attenuate Nephrotoxicity Induced by Brucine Through Suppression of Mitochondria Apoptotic Pathway and STAT3 Activation. Curr Med Sci 2019; 39:890-898. [DOI: 10.1007/s11596-019-2126-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Liu X, Chen H, Su G, Song P, Jiang M, Gong J. An animal research and a chemical composition analysis of a Chinese prescription for pulmonary fibrosis: Yangfei Huoxue Decoction. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 245:112126. [PMID: 31421181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL EVIDENCE Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a progressive disease characterized by the aberrant accumulation of fibrotic tissue in the lungs parenchyma, associated with significant morbidity. Few effective drugs have been developed to reverse PF or even halt the disease progression. Yangfei Huoxue Decoction (YHD), a Traditional Chinese Medicine, which consisted of Astragalus membranacus(AM), Glehnia littoralis(GL), Schisandra chinensis(SC), Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge(SB), Reynoutria japonica(RJ), Ligusticum chuanxiong(LX), and Euonymus alatus(EA) , has been used in China for the treatment of PF for many years with remarkable efficacy. According to the clinic observation of the results, we conducted experiments on animals, the process of BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats was interfered by YHD, through the detection of pulmonary fibrosis rats' blood cells and plasma, we selected the related molecules that may exert proinflammatory(IL-1β), promote angiogenesis(vascular endothelial growth factor ,VEGF). For further explicitly research, we should know what the chemical composition the prescription (YHD) contains and what the related bioactive components have. In accordance with in-house library and evaluating the characteristic MS fragmentation patterns, the schisandra chinensis methanol, lignin, flavonol, polyphenol, tanshinone, salvianolic acid, anthraquinone, ligustrazine, etc. had a retardant and inhibitory effect on the development and formation of pulmonary fibrosis. These results will aid in the quality control of YHD, as well as provide fundamental data for further pharmaco-mechanisms studies. AIM OF THE STUDY To discover the pulmonary immune related bioactive components of YHD. MATERIALS AND METHODS Animal Experiment:144 SD rats, based on the principles of randomization divided into eight groups, Control group, bleomycin(BLM) group, BLM + dexamethasone(BLM + DXM) group, BLM + Yangfei(YF) group, BLM + Huoxue(HX) group, BLM + high-doseYHD(YHD-H) group, BLM + medium-doseYHD(YHD-M) group, and BLM + low-doseYHD(YHD-L) group, each group of 18 rats. After endotracheal administration of Bleomycin by tracheotomy, rats were sacrificed on day 7, day 14 and day 28, blood and plasma were taken at the same time. Respectively, the VEGF, an immune molecule associated with angiogenesis, and IL-1β in plasma were detected by ELISA at three time periods. Component testing: 100 g YHD were constituted of SB 15 g, LX 12 g, EA 10 g, RJ 15 g, AM 20 g, GL 20 g and SC 8 g. All herbs were obtained from Beijing Tong Ren Tang (Group) Co ltd. The voucher specimens were identified by Prof. Jiening Gong (Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine). YHD were extracted by sonication with 1 L ethanol/water (70:30, v/v) for two cycle (1 h per cycle) at room temperature. The combined extracts were filtered, condensed, and reconstituted with 50 mL methanol before analysis. Standard Cianidanol, Ferulic Acid, Polydatin, Calycosin 7-O-glucoside, Tanshinone IIA, Salvianolic acid B, Schizandrol A, and Isoimperatorin were prepared in methanol. After centrifuging at 20,000 rpm for 10 min, 4 μL supernatant was injected into the Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with Quadrupole Time-of-Flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/QTOF-MSE) combined with UNIFI informatics platform for analysis. CONCLUSION The experiment results revealed that the vascularized VEGF, inflammatory factor expression of IL-1β was restrained by YHD. The UPLC/QTOF-MSE method, an automatic database screening platform and the characteristic MS fragmentation patterns have efficiently facilitated the post data process, so we test for the identification of major components in YHD by this technology, more than seven or more active ingredients, the results showed that YHD contained a total of 55 components, including 11 lignans, 12 flavonoids, 7 tanshinones, 9 organic acid, 5 polyphenols, 4 anthraquinones, 5 senkyunolides and 2 others. Based on this, we can ensure the discovery and analysis of biologically active compounds in YHD, as well as provide a reference for the quality evaluation. We expect the method presented here could be applied to other multi-component TCM formula. In addition, we can conduct more in-depth research, such as mechanism research, molecular detection, gene target and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, P.R.China.
| | - Hui Chen
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China.
| | - Guangbao Su
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China.
| | - Ping Song
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China.
| | - Miao Jiang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China.
| | - Jiening Gong
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China.
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19
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Bi C, Li PL, Liao Y, Rao HY, Li PB, Yi J, Wang WY, Su WW. Pharmacodynamic effects of Dan-hong injection in rats with blood stasis syndrome. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 118:109187. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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Salvianolic acid B remits LPS-induced injury by up-regulating miR-142-3p in MH7A cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 115:108876. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Ma L, Tang L, Yi Q. Salvianolic Acids: Potential Source of Natural Drugs for the Treatment of Fibrosis Disease and Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:97. [PMID: 30842735 PMCID: PMC6391314 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvianolic acids, the most effective and abundant compounds extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen), are well known for its good anti-oxidative activity. Danshen has been extensively used as a traditional medicine to treat cardiovascular-related diseases in China and other Asian countries for hundreds of years. Recently, more and more studies have demonstrated that salvianolic acids also have a good effect on the alleviation of fibrosis disease and the treatment of cancer. In vivo and in vitro experiments have demonstrated that salvianolic acids can modulate signal transduction within fibroblasts and cancer cells. It is discovered that the cancer treatment of salvianolic acids is not only because salvianolic acids promote the apoptosis of cancer cells, but also due to the inhibition of cancer-associated epithelial-mesenchymal transition processes. In this article, we review a variety of studies focusing on the comprehensive roles of salvianolic acids in the treatment of fibrosis disease and cancer. These perspectives on the therapeutic potential of salvianolic acids highlight the importance of these compounds, which could be the novel and attractive drugs for fibrosis disease and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lunkun Ma
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liling Tang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Yi
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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22
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Huang Q, Ye X, Wang L, Pan J. Salvianolic acid B abolished chronic mild stress-induced depression through suppressing oxidative stress and neuro-inflammation via regulating NLRP3 inflammasome activation. J Food Biochem 2018; 43:e12742. [PMID: 31353549 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study was framed to investigate the molecular mechanism behind the anti-depressant effect of salvianolic acid B (SB) against unpredictable chronic mild stress (CMS) induced depression rat model. Control rats received only saline without CMS exposure, whereas CMS model rats were induced to several stress (CMS) for 6 weeks. Treatment group rats were induced with CMS for 6 weeks but received either 20 or 40 mg/kg of SB or 20 mg/kg imipramine (CMS+IMP) from the 4th week to 6th week. Treatment with SB or IMP significantly ameliorated body weight, sucrose consumption rate with shorter immobility time than the control group. Also, administration with SB or IMP could reverse the hyperactivity of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis as well as decreased inflammatory cytokines with improved antioxidant status. Furthermore, the protein expression of NLRP3 (inflammasome) was markedly downregulated upon treatment with SB (both 20 and 40 mg) or IMP and thereby confirming its potent anti-depressant activity. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Salvianolic acid B (SB) is a phenolic acid extracted from Salvia militiorrhiza Bunge, a popular Chinese herb, which has been prescribed for various pathological conditions. SB has been previously reported with anti-depressant activity but, the in-depth mechanism behind the anti-depressant effect of SB against CMS is still elusive. Hence, the current study was plotted to explore the in-depth mechanism behind the anti-depressant effect of SB against CMS model of depression in rats. The outcome of the current study has confirmed the anti-depressant activity by abolishing oxidative stress, and neuroinflammatory response in the hippocampus through inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Hence, SB can be prescribed to major depression patients with standard anti-depressant agents to abolish oxidative stress, neuro-inflammatory response, and related neurological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoting Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xunda Ye
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Medical School, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiyang Pan
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Chen DQ, Hu HH, Wang YN, Feng YL, Cao G, Zhao YY. Natural products for the prevention and treatment of kidney disease. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 50:50-60. [PMID: 30466992 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the common causes resulting in a high morbidity and mortality. Renal fibrosis is the main pathological features of CKD. Natural products have begun to gain widely popularity worldwide for promoting healthcare and preventing CKD, and have been used as a conventional or complementary therapy for CKD treatment. PURPOSE The present paper reviewed the therapeutic effects of natural products on CKD and revealed the molecular mechanisms of their anti-fibrosis. METHODS All the available information on natural products against renal fibrosis was collected via a library and electronic search (using Web of Science, Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Splinker, etc.). RESULTS Accumulated evidence demonstrated that natural products exhibited the beneficial effects for CKD treatment and against renal fibrosis. This review presents an overview of the molecular mechanism of CKD and natural products against renal fibrosis, followed by an in-depth discussion of their molecular mechanism of natural products including isolated compounds and crude extracts against renal fibrosis in vitro and in vivo. A number of isolated compounds have been confirmed to retard renal fibrosis. CONCLUSION The review provides comprehensive insights into pathophysiological mechanisms of CKD and natural products against renal fibrosis. Particular challenges are presented and placed within the context of future applications of natural products against renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Qian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - He-He Hu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Yan-Ni Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Ya-Long Feng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Gang Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China.
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Chen W, Chen HY, Yang YH, Yang SH, Yang CW, Wu YH, Chen JL. An Investigation of the Prescription Patterns of Chinese Herbal Products for Chronic Glomerulonephritis Patients: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2018; 2018:5080764. [PMID: 30581484 PMCID: PMC6276402 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5080764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has a high incidence and prevalence worldwide, and chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) is one of the main causes of CKD. Therefore, it is important to diagnose and treat CGN early. The purpose of this study is to analyze the prescription patterns and frequencies of Chinese herbal products (CHPs) for CGN by using a hospital-based database from the Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (CGMH), a large, tertiary hospital system in Taiwan, and to evaluate the safety and possible efficacy of CHPs by blood test. The International Classification of Disease Ninth Revision (ICD-9) code 582 was used to identify patients with CGN. From 2004 to 2015, a total of 54726 CHP prescriptions for CGN were provided. Association rule mining was used to analyze the prevalent of CHP combination patterns in treating CGN. Jia-Wei-Xiao-Yao-San (JWXYS) and Gorgon (Euryale feroxSalisb.) were the most frequently prescribed herbal formula (HF) and single herb (SH), respectively. The most frequently prescribed combination of CHPs was that of JWXYS with Bu-Yang-Huan-Wu-Tang (BYHWT) in CGMH. In statistical, the level of eGFR in Stage 3a and 3b group was increasing after treatment in 6 and 12 months and might not cause the renal function to worsen within 12-month treatments. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first pharmacoepidemiological study to review CHP treatments for CGN. However, additional studies and clinical trials are needed to provide data on the safety and efficacy of these CHPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Chen
- Division of Chinese Internal Medicine, Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Yu Chen
- Division of Chinese Internal Medicine, Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Hsu Yang
- Department for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center of Excellence for Chang Gung Research Data link, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Sien-Hung Yang
- Division of Chinese Internal Medicine, Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wei Yang
- Division of Chinese Internal Medicine, Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - You-Hung Wu
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Liang Chen
- Division of Chinese Internal Medicine, Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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25
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Wang C, Luo H, Xu Y, Tao L, Chang C, Shen X. Salvianolic Acid B-Alleviated Angiotensin II Induces Cardiac Fibrosis by Suppressing NF-κB Pathway In Vitro. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:7654-7664. [PMID: 30365482 PMCID: PMC6215385 DOI: 10.12659/msm.908936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salvianolic acid B (SalB) is the representative component of phenolic acids derived from the roots and rhizomes of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge (Labiatae), which has been used widely in Asian countries for clinical therapy of various cardiovascular dysfunction-related diseases. However, cardiac protection effects and the underlying mechanism for clinical application are still poorly understood. Here, we investigated the potential anti-myocardial fibrosis effect and mechanism of SalB on Angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced cardiac fibrosis in vitro. MATERIAL AND METHODS The proliferation and migration capacity of cardiac fibroblasts (CFBs) were measured by MTT assay and scratch analysis, respectively. The colorimetric assay determined the hydroxyproline content in medium. Western blotting detected the protein expressions of nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway-associated proteins, fibronectin (FN), collagen type I (Coll I), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). The expression of α-SMA protein was observed by immunofluorescence staining. qRT-PCR detected the mRNA expression of NF-κB. RESULTS SalB attenuated Ang II-induced the proliferation and the migration ability of CFBs. Ang II-induced the extracellular matrix protein Coll I, FN, and α-SMA, the pro-fibrotic cytokine CTGF protein expression was inhibited, and the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 subunit was reduced by SalB. Western blotting and qRT-PCR confirmed that SalB blocked the activation of NF-κB induced by Ang II. PDTC (the NF-κB inhibitor) also inhibited proliferation of CFBs and reduced α-SMA and Coll I expression induced by Ang II. CONCLUSIONS SalB can alleviate Ang II-induced cardiac fibrosis via suppressing the NF-κB pathway in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilizaiton of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou province for Natural Medicianl Pharmacology and Druggability, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical Univeristy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Hong Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilizaiton of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou province for Natural Medicianl Pharmacology and Druggability, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical Univeristy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Yini Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilizaiton of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou province for Natural Medicianl Pharmacology and Druggability, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical Univeristy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Ling Tao
- The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilizaiton of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou province for Natural Medicianl Pharmacology and Druggability, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical Univeristy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Churui Chang
- The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilizaiton of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou province for Natural Medicianl Pharmacology and Druggability, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical Univeristy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Xiangchun Shen
- The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilizaiton of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou province for Natural Medicianl Pharmacology and Druggability, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical Univeristy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
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26
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Jiang Y, Liu J, Zhou Z, Liu K, Liu C. Diosmetin Attenuates Akt Signaling Pathway by Modulating Nuclear Factor Kappa-Light-Chain-Enhancer of Activated B Cells (NF-κB)/Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS) in Streptozotocin (STZ)-Induced Diabetic Nephropathy Mice. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:7007-7014. [PMID: 30278036 PMCID: PMC6354632 DOI: 10.12659/msm.910764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We evaluated the nephroprotective effect of diosmetin in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic nephropathy (DN) mice. Material/Methods Diabetes was induced by injecting STZ (50 mg/kg) i.p. for 5 days. Biochemical parameters, such as fasting blood glucose, creatinine, BUN in the serum, and albumin in the urine, were determined in STZ-induced DN mice after the 8th week of STZ administration. The level of inflammatory mediators in the serum and oxidative stress parameters in the tissue homogenate was estimated in STZ-induced DN mice. Expressions of Akt, NF-κB, and iNOS in the tissue homogenate were assessed by Western blot analysis. Results Our data reveal that treatment with diosmetin significantly reduces the fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in the serum and albumin in urine compared to the negative control group. Treatment with diosmetin attenuated the altered level of oxidative stress parameters and inflammatory cytokines in the STZ-induced DN mice. Expression of Akt and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) was significantly reduced and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was enhanced in the tissue homogenate of diosmetin-treated mice compared to the negative control group. Data from immunohistochemical analysis suggest that the expressions of NF-κB was significantly reduced in tissues of the diosmetin-treated group compared to the negative control group. Conclusions Our study shows that diosmetin protects against renal injury in STZ-induced diabetic nephropathy mice by modulating the Akt/NF-κB/iNOS signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingsong Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Jiguo Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Zemei Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Chun Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China (mainland)
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27
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Chen DQ, Feng YL, Cao G, Zhao YY. Natural Products as a Source for Antifibrosis Therapy. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2018; 39:937-952. [PMID: 30268571 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Although fibrosis is a final pathological feature of many chronic diseases, few interventions are available that specifically target the pathogenesis of fibrosis. Natural products are becoming increasingly recognized as effective therapies for fibrosis. The highlights of common cellular and molecular mechanisms of fibrosis facilitate the discovery of effective antifibrotic drugs. We describe some new profibrotic mechanisms and corresponding therapeutic targets using natural products. Interleukin, ephrin-B2, Gas6/TAM, Wnt/β-catenin, hedgehog pathway, PPARγ, lysophosphatidic acid, and CTGF are promising therapeutic targets. Natural products can target these mediators and inhibit chronic inflammation, myofibroblast activation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and extracellular matrix accumulation to alleviate fibrosis. Of note, natural products have the potential to inhibit fibrosis in one organ, simultaneously targeting fibrosis in multiple other organs, which provides us new strategies to find antifibrotic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Qian Chen
- School of Life Science, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Ya-Long Feng
- School of Life Science, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Gang Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- School of Life Science, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China.
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28
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Shi M, Huang F, Deng C, Wang Y, Kai G. Bioactivities, biosynthesis and biotechnological production of phenolic acids in Salvia miltiorrhiza. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:953-964. [PMID: 29746788 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1474170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen in Chinese), is a well-known traditional Chinese medicinal plant, which is used as not only human medicine but also health-promotion food. Danshen has been extensively used for the treatment of various cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. As a major group of bioactive constituents from S. miltiorrhiza, water-soluble phenolic acids such as salvianolic acid B possessed good bioactivities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and other health-promoting activities. It is of significance to improve the production of phenolic acids by modern biotechnology approaches to meet the increasing market demand. Significant progresses have been made in understanding the biosynthetic pathway and regulation mechanism of phenolic acids in S.miltiorrhiza, which will facilitate the process of targeted metabolic engineering or synthetic biology. Furthermore, multiple biotechnology methods such as in vitro culture, elicitation, hairy roots, endophytic fungi and bioreactors have been also used to obtain pharmaceutically active phenolic acids from S. miltiorrhiza. In this review, recent advances in bioactivities, biosynthetic pathway and biotechnological production of phenolic acid ingredients were summarized and future prospective was also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Shi
- a Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , People's Republic of China
| | - Fenfen Huang
- b Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Changping Deng
- b Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Wang
- b Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Guoyin Kai
- a Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , People's Republic of China.,b Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
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29
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Nastase MV, Zeng-Brouwers J, Wygrecka M, Schaefer L. Targeting renal fibrosis: Mechanisms and drug delivery systems. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 129:295-307. [PMID: 29288033 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is the common outcome of many chronic kidney diseases (CKD) independent of the underlying etiology. Despite a host of promising experimental data, currently available strategies only ameliorate or delay the progression of CKD but do not reverse fibrosis. One of the major impediments of translating novel antifibrotic strategies from bench to bedside is due to the intricacies of the drug delivery process. In this review, we briefly describe mechanisms of renal fibrosis and methods of drug transfer into the kidney. Various tools used in gene therapy to administer nucleic acids in vivo are discussed. Furthermore, we review the modes of action of protein- or peptide-based drugs with target-specific antibodies and cytokines incorporated in hydrogels. Additionally, we assess an intriguing new method to deliver drugs specifically to tubular epithelial cells via conjugation with ligands binding to the megalin receptor. Finally, plant-derived compounds with antifibrotic properties are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalina V Nastase
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; National Institute for Chemical-Pharmaceutical Research and Development, 112 Vitan Avenue, 031299 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Jinyang Zeng-Brouwers
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Malgorzata Wygrecka
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Liliana Schaefer
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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30
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Zhu B, Wang X, Teng J. Retracted Article: Salvianolic acid B inhibits inflammatory response and cell apoptosis via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in IL-1β-induced osteoarthritis chondrocytes. RSC Adv 2018; 8:36422-36429. [PMID: 35558917 PMCID: PMC9088849 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra02418a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease among late middle-aged or elderly people. The pathological process of OA mainly involves the degeneration of cartilage tissue and deficiency of joint function. Salvianolic acid B (Sal B) is the main active ingredient of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge, which possesses anti-inflammatory, anti apoptotic and other pharmacological activities. In this study, primary chondrocytes were cultured to investigate the effects of Sal B on the inflammatory response and apoptosis of OA induced by IL-1β, and to explore the possible mechanism. First, we determined the cytotoxicity of Sal B; the results showed that the cell activity of chondrocytes was not influenced by Sal B when the concentration was below 150 μM. Moreover, Sal B (40 and 80 μM) suppressed the expression of iNOS in OA chondrocytes induced by IL-1β, and restrained the secretion of NO, IL-6, IL-17 and TNF-α in chondrocytes obviously. Sal B (40, 80 μM) significantly alleviated the inhibitory effect of cell activity stimulated by IL-1β and up-regulated the expression of Col II and reduced the expression of Col X. Besides, Sal B down-regulated the expression level of Bax and promoted the expression of Bcl-2, showed a significant effect on promoting proliferation and inhibiting cell apoptosis. In addition, we found that IL-1β significantly reduced the ratio of p-PI3K/PI3K, p-Akt/Akt induced the nuclear translocation of AKT and inhibited the activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Finally, the PI3K inhibitor, LY-294002, was added in IL-1β-induced chondrocytes. The results suggest that Sal B ameliorates IL-1β induced inflammation and suppresses apoptosis in OA by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Our study reveals the mechanism of Sal B acts on OA and may provide a basis for the treatment of OA with Sal B. Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease among late middle-aged or elderly people.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics
- Baodi Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Xuejian Wang
- Department of Orthopedics
- Baodi Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Jiawen Teng
- Department of Orthopedics
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Traditional Chinese Medicine University
- Jinan
- PR China
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Xu X, Lv H, Li X, Su H, Zhang X, Yang J. Danshen attenuates cartilage injuries in osteoarthritis in vivo and in vitro by activating JAK2/STAT3 and AKT pathways. Exp Anim 2017; 67:127-137. [PMID: 29093428 PMCID: PMC5955744 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.17-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage degradation is a main feature of osteoarthritis (OA). The effects of Danshen, a traditional Chinese herb, in mitigating cartilage damage have been reported before. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Danshen on cartilage injuries in OA. Rabbit OA models were established by surgical destabilization of the medial meniscus and the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments in the left knee joint. Injection of Danshen into the articular cavity attenuated OA cartilage destruction in vivo. The levels of phosphorylated Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) were decreased in osteoarthritic cartilage, while they were rescued upon Danshen treatment. Furthermore, chondrocytes isolated from normal rabbit cartilage were exposed to 2 mM sodium nitroprusside (SNP) to establish an OA model in vitro. We found that the oxidative stress and chondrocyte apoptosis induced by SNP were suppressed by Danshen. The phosphorylation levels of JAK2 and STAT3 were decreased in response to SNP treatment, whereas they were rescued by Danshen. Additionally, AG490, a specific JAK2 inhibitor, counteracted the anti-apoptotic effect of Danshen. The phosphorylation level of protein kinase B (AKT) was also altered in response to SNP and reversed by Danshen. The anti-apoptotic effect of Danshen was counteracted by AKT pathway inhibitor LY194002. Taken together, Danshen attenuates OA cartilage destruction by regulating the JAK2/STAT3 and AKT signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xilin Xu
- Third Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 411 Gogoli Street, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, P.R. China
| | - Hang Lv
- Third Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 411 Gogoli Street, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Third Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 411 Gogoli Street, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, P.R. China
| | - Hui Su
- Third Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 411 Gogoli Street, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- President Office, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 24 Heping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, P.R. China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 411 Gogoli Street, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, P.R. China
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