Factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding in the Legal Amazon and Northeast regions, Brazil, 2010

What is the impact of rural-to-urban migration on exclusive breastfeeding: a population-based cross-sectional study

Background

In China, less than one third of infants under 6 months of age are being exclusively breastfed. Maternal rural-to-urban migration contributes to these low rates of breastfeeding practices. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of breastfeeding practices and associated factors among rural-to-urban migrant children and local children with infants aged 0–12 months in China, 2018.

Methods

Data were collected from a population-based cross-sectional survey in 2018 that included 6995 infants from eight urban areas (four metropolis and four medium sized/small cities) in China. The prevalence of breastfeeding practices was calculated using a 24-h recall questionnaire for all infants aged under 12 months. Logistic regression was conducted to examine the association between the prevalence of breastfeeding practices and maternal migrant status, after adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, mother-infant health information and supportive information. For exclusive breastfeeding, we further analyzed its association with maternal rural-to-urban migration, stratified by maternal education level, maternal resident place and maternal ethnicity, respectively.

Results

The overall prevalence of ever breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding, predominant breastfeeding and age-appropriate breastfeeding (exclusive breastfeeding of infants under 6 months of age and complementary feeding from six to 12 months of age) was 97.51, 29.84, 59.89 and 45.07%, respectively. Rural-to-urban migrant children were less likely to be exclusively breastfed compared to local children (AOR 0.81, 95% CI 0.68, 0.95). Stratified by different sociodemographic variables, a negative association between exclusive breastfeeding and rural-to-urban migration was only found in the group with high education level, in the group living in metropolis and in the group of minorities, respectively.

Conclusions

The overall prevalence of breastfeeding practices was low in both rural-to-urban migrant children and local children. Besides common strategies, special approaches should be provided for urban highly educated migrants.

Prevalence and associated factors for early interruption of exclusive breastfeeding: meta-analysis on Brazilian epidemiological studies

Abstract Objectives: to summarize Brazilian studies that analyzed the risk factors for Exclusive Breastfeeding (EBF) interruption before the child's six months of life. Methods: systematic review and meta-analysis indexed articles from Bireme, Scielo and Pubmed databases published in the period of January 2000 to December 2015. Results: 22 articles were included in the meta-analysis. The factors related to newborns were observed, such as birth weight (OR= 1.17; CI 95%: 1.05-1.29), female gender (OR= 1,09; CI 95%: 1.04-1.13) and the use of pacifier (OR= 2.29; CI 95%: 1.68-2.91) were the main factors responsible for the increase in the occurrence of EBF interruption. The factors were related to the mother, maternal age below twenty years old (OR= 1.22; CI 95%: 1.12-1.33) low schooling level (OR=1.28; CI 95%: 1.11-1.45), primiparity (OR= 1.17; CI 95%: 1.02-1.32) maternal employment during the postpartum period (OR= 1.26; CI 95%: 1.11-1.41), and low family income (OR= 1.22; CI 95%: 1.08-1.37) contributed significantly to the EBF interruption . Conclusions: the meta-analysis of Brazilian epidemiological studies demonstrated evidences to conclude that below the age of twenty, low schooling, primiparity, maternal employment in the postpartum period and low family income are associated to the interruption of exclusive breastfeeding until 6 months of age. Children with low birth weight, female gender and used a pacifier had greater vulnerability to not be exclusively breastfed. In conclusion, most of these factors can be modified through appropriate public policies throughout the adequate prenatal period to promote exclusive breastfeeding.

Factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding in the first six months of life in Brazil: a systematic review

OBJECTIVE

To identify factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding in the first six months of life in Brazil.

METHODS

Systematic review of epidemiological studies conducted in Brazil with exclusive breastfeeding as outcome. Medline and LILACS databases were used. After the selection of articles, a hierarchical theoretical model was proposed according to the proximity of the variable to the outcome.

RESULTS

Of the 67 articles identified, we selected 20 cross-sectional studies and seven cohort studies, conducted between 1998 and 2010, comprising 77,866 children. We identified 36 factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding, being more often associated the distal factors: place of residence, maternal age and education, and the proximal factors: maternal labor, age of the child, use of a pacifier, and financing of primary health care.

CONCLUSIONS

The theoretical model developed may contribute to future research, and factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding may subsidize public policies on health and nutrition.

Práticas de aleitamento materno de crianças menores de dois anos de idade com base em indicadores da Organização Mundial da Saúde

Objetivo Avaliar práticas de aleitamento materno de crianças menores de dois anos de idade com base em indicadores da Organização Mundial da Saúde. Métodos Estudo transversal realizado durante Campanha Nacional de Vacinação contra Poliomielite 2012 em Guarapuava, Paraná. Os acompanhantes de 1.814 crianças responderam ao questionário estruturado sobre alimentação da criança nas últimas 24 horas. Foram avaliados nove indicadores de aleitamento materno da Organização Mundial da Saúde. As estimativas foram calculadas por pontos e intervalos de confiança de 95%. Resultados Das crianças avaliadas, 79,3% (IC95,0%=76,2-82,0) foram colocadas para mamar na primeira hora de vida. Apesar de 96,0% (IC95,0%=94,6-97,0) das crianças iniciarem a amamentação, a prevalência de aleitamento materno exclusivo em menores de 6 meses foi baixa: 36,0% (IC95,0%=30,7-41,7). A prevalência da continuidade do aleitamento materno com um e dois anos foi de 35,8% (IC95,0%=30,0-42,1) e 21,1% (IC95,0%=16,2-27,0) respectivamente. A duração mediana do aleitamento materno foi de 351,6 dias (IC95,0%=330,3-373,0), totalizando 11,7 meses. O aleitamento materno em idade apropriada, levando-se em conta a prevalência de aleita-mento materno exclusivo em menores de 6 meses, a alimentação complementar e a continuidade do aleitamento materno entre crianças de 6 a 23 meses, foi de 27,9% (IC95,0%=25,0-31,0), sendo influenciado pela baixa continuidade do aleitamento materno. A proporção de crianças que utilizaram mamadeira foi elevada: 78,3% (IC95,0%=75,8-80,6). Conclusão As práticas de aleitamento materno evidenciaram situação ruim ou muito ruim para a prática do aleitamento materno exclusivo em menores de seis meses, continuidade do aleitamento materno (um ano, dois anos e duração mediana do aleitamento materno), aleitamento materno em idade apropriada e uso da mamadeira.

Situation of breastfeeding and complementary feeding in a medium-sized municipality in the Ribeira Valley, São Paulo

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the situation of breastfeeding and complementary feeding in the city of Registro, São Paulo. METHODS: This cross-sectional study collected sociodemographic and feeding information of infants aged less than one year who participated in the 2011 multiple vaccine campaign. Breastfeeding and complementary feeding were analyzed by indicators proposed by the World Health Organization. The association between outcomes (exclusive breastfeeding and introduction to complementary feeding) and the explanatory variables (maternal and child characteristics) was investigated by the Poisson model with a robust error variance. RESULTS: We analyzed 713 children. The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding was 50.0%. Children who were breastfed exclusively on the first day at home (PR=2.40; 95%CI=1.42-4.06) and not given pacifiers (PR=1.95; 95%CI=1.153.30) were more likely to be exclusively breastfed. The complementary feeding indicators showed that 62.1% of the children aged 6 to 8.9 months consumed fruit plus savory mashes. None of the explanatory variables was significantly associated with this outcome. CONCLUSION: The study identified inappropriate infant feeding practices. Such studies can contribute to the proposal of policies, which is particularly important in an unfavorable social development context characterized by the study city.