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Logan BA, Neargarder S, Kinger SB, Larum AK, Salazar RD, Cronin-Golomb A. Self-perceived stigma in Parkinson's Disease in an online sample: Comparison with in-person sample, role of anxiety, and relative utility of four measures of stigma perception. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38442327 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2024.2321578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Persons with Parkinson's disease (PwPD) experience motor and non-motor symptoms that may elicit stigmatization. We investigated whether online assessment would replicate in-person findings of younger age and depression as predictors of stigma perception. We further assessed the predictive value of anxiety, and compared predictors across four stigma measures. METHODS The online study (n = 347), like the earlier in-person study (n = 362), used the Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire stigma subscale (PDQ-39stigma). It also assessed anxiety and added the Stigma Scale for Chronic Illness (SSCI), Stigmatization Scale, and Mental Health Consumers' Experience of Stigma Scale. We correlated stigma perception scores with demographic/clinical characteristics and conducted hierarchical regression and mediation analyses. RESULTS Online and in-person predictors of stigma perception with the PDQ-39stigma included younger age (men) and depression (men, women). Depression mediated the relation between stigma perception and motor experiences of daily living (EDLs). In the online sample, when anxiety was added, it predicted stigma perception (PDQ-39stigma, SSCI) and mediated the relation between stigma and both motor and non-motor EDLs (PDQ-39stigma). For all four stigma-perception scales, younger age predicted scores. Multiple additional predictors of PDQ-39stigma and SSCI scores suggest their utility relative to the other two scales. Conclusions: Younger age and depression predicted self-perceived stigma in online and in-person samples, indicating the cross-modal utility of the measure, PDQ-39stigma. In the online sample, anxiety also predicted stigma perception per the PDQ-39stigma and SSCI. We recommend both measures and note that treating depression and anxiety may be important especially in younger PwPD to reduce self-perceived stigma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget A Logan
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sandy Neargarder
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychology, Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, MA, USA
| | - Shraddha B Kinger
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amie K Larum
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert D Salazar
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alice Cronin-Golomb
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
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2
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Ozawa M, Murakami H, Shiraishi T, Umehara T, Omoto S, Iguchi Y. Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder is associated with decreased quality of life and stigma in people with Parkinson's disease. Acta Neurol Belg 2023:10.1007/s13760-023-02213-1. [PMID: 36943637 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-023-02213-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) may present with rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD). We therefore investigated the association between RBD and quality of life (QOL) in people with PD. METHODS Individuals with PD and a Mini-Mental State Examination score ≥ 24 were divided into two groups using the RBD screening questionnaire (RBDSQ): those with an RBDSQ score ≥ 5 were assigned to the "probable RBD" (pRBD) group, and those with a score < 5 to the "non-pRBD" group. Participants were then evaluated for motor symptoms (Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale part III and modified Hoehn and Yahr Scale), cognitive functions (Montreal Cognitive Assessment and Frontal Assessment Battery [FAB]), anhedonia (Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale), and QOL (Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire [PDQ]-39 total and subscores for mobility, activities of daily living, emotional well-being, stigma, social support, cognition, communication, and bodily discomfort). Each measure was compared between the two groups (Mann-Whitney U test/χ2 test). Multiple regression analyses were performed to identify factors contributing to the total score and the subscore of the stigma domain of the PDQ-39. RESULTS Ninety-three individuals with PD were recruited (mean ± standard deviation age, 67.0 ± 10.6 years). The pRBD group exhibited a longer disease duration (P = 0.006), worse FAB (P = 0.015) and PDQ-39 total (P = 0.032) scores. RBDSQ scores correlated with higher scores in the PDQ-39 stigma domain (B = 2.44, P = 0.033). CONCLUSION RBD is associated with worse QOL and stigma in people with PD. The RBDSQ is a useful tool for the prediction of such disturbances in QOL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Ozawa
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan.
| | - Hidetomo Murakami
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Shiraishi
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Tadashi Umehara
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Shusaku Omoto
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University Katsushika Medical Center, 6-41-2 Aoto, Katsushika-Ku, Tokyo, 125-8506, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Iguchi
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
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3
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Stopic V, Jost ST, Baldermann JC, Petry-Schmelzer JN, Fink GR, Dembek TA, Dafsari HS, Kessler J, Barbe MT, Sauerbier A. Parkinson's Disease Stigma Questionnaire (PDStigmaQuest): Development and Pilot Study of a Questionnaire for Stigma in Patients with Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2023; 13:829-839. [PMID: 37334621 PMCID: PMC10473132 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-230071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stigma is significant in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, no specific tool is available to assess stigma in PD comprehensively. OBJECTIVE This pilot study aimed to develop and test a stigma questionnaire specific to PD patients (PDStigmaQuest). METHODS Based on a literature review, clinical experience, expert consensus, and patients' feedback, we developed the preliminary, patient-completed PDStigmaQuest in German language. It included 28 items covering five stigma domains: uncomfortableness, anticipated stigma, hiding, experienced stigma, and internalized stigma. In this pilot study, 81 participants (PD patients, healthy controls, caregivers, and health professionals) were included to investigate the acceptability, feasibility, comprehensibility, and psychometric properties of the PDStigmaQuest. RESULTS The PDStigmaQuest showed 0.3% missing data points for PD patients and 0.4% for controls, suggesting high data quality. Moderate floor effects, but no ceiling effects were found. In the item analysis, most items met the standard criteria of item difficulty, item variance, and item-total correlation. Cronbach's alpha was > 0.7 for four of five domains. PD patients' domain scores were significantly higher than healthy controls' for uncomfortableness, anticipated stigma, and internalized stigma. Feedback to the questionnaire was predominantly positive. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that the PDStigmaQuest is a feasible, comprehensive, and relevant tool to assess stigma in PD and helps to understand the construct of stigma in PD further. Based on our results, the preliminary version of the PDStigmaQuest was modified and is currently validated in a larger population of PD patients for use in clinical and research settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilija Stopic
- Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefanie T. Jost
- Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Juan Carlos Baldermann
- Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jan Niklas Petry-Schmelzer
- Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gereon R. Fink
- Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscienceand Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Till A. Dembek
- Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Haidar S. Dafsari
- Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Josef Kessler
- Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael T. Barbe
- Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anna Sauerbier
- Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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4
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Karacan AV, Kibrit SN, Yekedüz MK, Doğulu N, Kayis G, Unutmaz EY, Abali T, Eminoğlu FT, Akbostancı MC, Yilmaz R. Cross-Cultural Differences in Stigma Associated with Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2023; 13:699-715. [PMID: 37355913 PMCID: PMC10473089 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-230050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stigma is an important social attitude affecting the quality of life (QoL) of people with Parkinson's disease (PwP, PD) as individuals within society. OBJECTIVE This systematic review aimed to 1) identify the factors associated with stigma in PD and 2) demonstrate culture-based diversity in the stigmatization of PwP. We also reported data from the Turkish PwP, which is an underrepresented population. METHODS Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, a literature search of the PubMed/Medline electronic database was performed covering the last 26 years. Articles on self-perceived stigma in PD with a sample size > 20 and quantitative results were included. Data were extracted by independent reviewers. RESULTS After screening 163 articles, 57 were eligible for review, most of which were from Europe or Asia. Only two studies have been conducted in South America. No study from Africa was found. Among the 61 factors associated with stigma, disease duration, sex, and age were most frequently studied. A comparison of the investigated factors across the world showed that, while the effect of motor impairment or treatment on stigma seems to be culture-free, the impact of sex, education, marriage, employment, cognitive impairment, and anxiety on stigma may depend on culture. CONCLUSION The majority of the world's PD population is underrepresented or unrepresented, and culture may influence the perception of stigma in PwP. More diverse data are urgently needed to understand and relieve the challenges of PwP within their society.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Merve Koç Yekedüz
- Department of Pediatric Metabolism, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Doğulu
- Department of Pediatric Metabolism, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gorkem Kayis
- Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Elif Yüsra Unutmaz
- Department of Neurology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Talha Abali
- Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - F. Tuba Eminoğlu
- Department of Pediatric Metabolism, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
- Ankara University Rare Diseases Application and Research Center, Ankara, Turkey
| | - M. Cenk Akbostancı
- Department of Neurology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
- Ankara University Brain Research Center, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Rezzak Yilmaz
- Department of Neurology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
- Ankara University Brain Research Center, Ankara, Turkey
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5
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Mehanna R, Smilowska K, Fleisher J, Post B, Hatano T, Pimentel Piemonte ME, Kumar KR, McConvey V, Zhang B, Tan E, Savica R. Age Cutoff for Early-Onset Parkinson's Disease: Recommendations from the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society Task Force on Early Onset Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2022; 9:869-878. [PMID: 36247919 PMCID: PMC9547138 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.13523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early-onset Parkinson's disease (EOPD)/young-onset Parkinson's disease (YOPD) is defined as Parkinson's disease (PD) with an age at onset (AAO) after age 21 years but before the usual AAO for PD. Consensus is lacking, and the reported maximal age for EOPD/YOPD has varied from 40 to 60 years, leading to a lack of uniformity in published studies and difficulty in harmonization of data. EOPD and YOPD have both been used in the literature, somewhat interchangeably. Objective To define the nomenclature and AAO cutoff for EOPD/YOPD. Methods An extensive review of the literature and task force meetings were conducted. Conclusions were reached by consensus. Results First, the literature has seen a shift from the use of YOPD toward EOPD. This seems motivated by an attempt to avoid age-related stigmatization of patients. Second, in defining EOPD, 56% of the countries use 50 or 51 years as the cutoff age. Third, the majority of international genetic studies in PD use an age cutoff of younger than 50 years to define EOPD. Fourth, many studies suggest that changes in the estrogen level can affect the predisposition to develop PD, making the average age at menopause of 50 years an important factor to consider when defining EOPD. Fifth, considering the differential impact of the AAO of PD on professional and social life, using 50 years as the upper cutoff for the definition of EOPD seems reasonable. Conclusions This task force recommends the use of EOPD rather than YOPD. It defines EOPD as PD with AAO after 21 years but before 50 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Mehanna
- UTMove, Departement of NeurologyUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Katarzyna Smilowska
- Department of NeurologySilesian Center of NeurologyKatowicePoland
- Department of Neurology5th Regional HospitalSosnowiecPoland
| | - Jori Fleisher
- Department of Neurological SciencesRush University School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Bart Post
- Department of NeurologyRadboudumcNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Taku Hatano
- Department of NeurologyJuntendo University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Maria Elisa Pimentel Piemonte
- Physical Therapy, Speech Therapy, and Occupational TherapyDepartment, Medical School, University of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Kishore Raj Kumar
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory and Department of Neurology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical GenomicsGarvan Institute of Medical ResearchDarlinghurstNew South WalesAustralia
| | | | - Baorong Zhang
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Affiliated HospitalHangzhouChina
| | - Eng‐King Tan
- Department of NeurologyNational Neuroscience InstituteSingaporeSingapore
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6
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Urbi B, Corbett J, Hughes I, Owusu MA, Thorning S, Broadley SA, Sabet A, Heshmat S. Effects of Cannabis in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2022; 12:495-508. [PMID: 34958046 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-212923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The legalization of cannabis in many countries has allowed many Parkinson's disease (PD) patients to turn to cannabis as a treatment. As such there is a growing interest from the PD community to be properly guided by evidence regarding potential treatment benefits of cannabis. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to compile the best available evidence to help guide patients and their family, clinicians and researchers make informed decisions. A systematic search of the literature was conducted in June 2021. Five randomized controlled studies and eighteen non-randomized studies investigated cannabis treatment in PD patients. No compelling evidence was found to recommend the use of cannabis in PD patients. However, a potential benefit was identified with respect to alleviation of PD related tremor, anxiety, pain, improvement of sleep quality and quality of life. Given the relative paucity of well-designed randomized studies, there is an identified need for further investigation, particularly in these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berzenn Urbi
- Office for Research Governance and Development, Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service, QLD, Australia.,School of Medicine, Griffith University, QLD, Australia
| | - Joel Corbett
- Department of Neurology, Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service, QLD, Australia
| | - Ian Hughes
- Office for Research Governance and Development, Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service, QLD, Australia
| | - Maame Amma Owusu
- Office for Research Governance and Development, Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service, QLD, Australia
| | - Sarah Thorning
- Office for Research Governance and Development, Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service, QLD, Australia
| | - Simon A Broadley
- School of Medicine, Griffith University, QLD, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service, QLD, Australia
| | - Arman Sabet
- School of Medicine, Griffith University, QLD, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service, QLD, Australia
| | - Saman Heshmat
- School of Medicine, Griffith University, QLD, Australia.,UQCCR, Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, QLD Australia
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7
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Hanff AM, Leist AK, Fritz JV, Pauly C, Krüger R, Halek M. Determinants of Self-Stigma in People with Parkinson's Disease: A Mixed Methods Scoping Review. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2022; 12:509-522. [PMID: 34842199 PMCID: PMC8925108 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-212869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-stigma in people with Parkinson's disease (PD) can substantially impact quality of life and possibilities for social participation. An integrative analysis of determinants of self-stigma has been lacking. OBJECTIVE We sought to explore which complementary insights from qualitative and quantitative studies, as well as from expert consultation, could be gained. METHODS An established mixed methods study design was employed to first conduct a mixed methods scoping review of published qualitative and quantitative literature, and then consult with experts to arrive at an exhaustive list of determinants of self-stigma after a thematic synthesis. RESULTS A total of 87 unique determinants of self-stigma were identified. Quantitative studies and expert consultations mainly identified personal determinants of people with self-stigma (e.g., age, anxiety, or apathy). In contrast, qualitative studies identified social situations associated with self-stigma (e.g., joint meals of people with typical PD with others). Notably, self-stigma of people with PD was found to be particularly salient in unfamiliar places, at the working place or in contact with people without PD. Across methods, cognitive impairment, tremor, and abnormal walk and unsteady gait, respectively, were associated with self-stigma. CONCLUSION The mixed method study design yielded complementary insights, but also factors commonly associated with self-stigma across methods. Future prioritization exercises may gain further insights into self-stigma of people with PD. Facilitating social encounters by both addressing needs of affected people and raising knowledge and public awareness may improve quality of life in people with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Hanff
- Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Luxembourg
| | - Anja K Leist
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Joëlle V Fritz
- Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Luxembourg
| | - Claire Pauly
- Parkinson Research Clinic (PRC), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg (CHL), Luxembourg.,Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Rejko Krüger
- Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Luxembourg.,Parkinson Research Clinic (PRC), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg (CHL), Luxembourg.,Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Margareta Halek
- Faculty of Health, School of Nursing, University Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
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8
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Lin J, Ou R, Wei Q, Cao B, Li C, Hou Y, Zhang L, Liu K, Shang H. Self-Stigma in Parkinson's Disease: A 3-Year Prospective Cohort Study. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:790897. [PMID: 35221989 PMCID: PMC8877567 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.790897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Self-stigma is common in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and may lead to social isolation and delayed search for medical help. We conducted a 3-year prospective longitudinal study to investigate the development and evolution of self-stigma in patients with early stage PD and to explore the associated and predictive factors of self-stigma in PD. Method A total of 224 patients with early stage PD (disease duration <3 years) were enrolled at baseline and followed up annually for 3 consecutive years. Self-stigma was assessed by the stigma subscale of the Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (items 23–26). The generalized estimating equation model was used to investigate the associated factors of self-stigma over 3 years, and the binary logistic model was used to explore the predictors of self-stigma in patients with PD without self-stigma at baseline. Results The prevalence of self-stigma decreased from 58.0% at baseline to 49.2% after 3 years. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) score was the only associated factor [B: 0.160 (1.106–0.214), P < 0.001] of self-stigma over 3 years and the only predictor [OR: 1.252 (1.044–1.502), P = 0.015] of the onset of self-stigma. Conclusion Self-stigma is very common in PD, but its prevalence tends to decrease as the disease progresses. Depression was the only associated and predictive factor of self-stigma in PD and could be an effective target of alleviating self-stigma.
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9
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Rosa TDL, Scorza FA. Stigma in Parkinson's disease: Placing it outside the body. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2022; 77:100008. [PMID: 35172270 PMCID: PMC8903808 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2022.100008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tomás de la Rosa
- Neurology Department, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fúlvio Alexandre Scorza
- Neurology Department, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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10
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Exploring the perceptions and stigmatizing experiences of Israeli family caregivers of people with Parkinson's disease. J Aging Stud 2021; 56:100910. [PMID: 33712095 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaging.2020.100910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Providing care to people with Parkinson's disease (PD) poses challenges for family carers, including experiencing stigmatic beliefs -i.e., family stigma. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no empirical study examining the stigmatic experiences of family members of people with PD. This was the aim of the present study. Three focus groups with 22 Israeli spouses of people with PD were conducted. Data were analyzed using theory-led thematic analysis. Overall, the spouses in our study shared mainly experiences of the stigma attached to the illness and/or to their loved ones, and not to themselves as carers. Three major themes emerged: the stereotypes that typify PD, stigmatizing behaviors towards the person with the disease, and structural stigma. Our findings highlight the profound stigma confronting carers of persons with PD, particularly when it comes to structural stigma.
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11
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Hou M, Mao X, Hou X, Li K. Stigma and Associated Correlates of Elderly Patients With Parkinson's Disease. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:708960. [PMID: 34335340 PMCID: PMC8319540 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.708960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Stigmatizing experiences is common in Parkinson's disease (PD) and appears to provide a negative contribution to the quality of life. Our aim of this study was to investigate the extent of stigma and its predictive factors in patients with PD from our hospital in Shanghai, China. Methods: In 276 individuals with PD (135 women and 141 men), stigma was measured by the 24-item Stigma Scale for Chronic Illness (SSCI). Multivariate linear regression model was used to assess predictors of stigma including demographics (age and gender), disease duration, stage (Hoehn and Yahr Scale), motor function (Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part 3, UPDRS-III), non-motor symptoms (Non-Motor Symptoms Scale, NMSS), cognitive level (Mini-Mental State Examination, MMSE), as well as anxiety (Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, HAM-A) and depressive disorders (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, HAM-D-24). Results: The total score of SSCI was 49.9 ± 14.3, and 48.5% of the patients checked "rarely" to "sometimes." For the total sample, the full model accounted for 47.8% of the variance in stigma (P < 0.05). Higher UPDRS-III scores, longer course of disease, younger age, tremor-dominant subtype, and higher depression scores were significantly associated with stigma among individuals with PD. Conclusion: Our finding suggested a mild-to-moderate level of stigma in patients with PD. Tremor-dominant subtype, longer course of disease, younger age, severe motor symptoms, and depression are the predictors of stigma in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Hou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaowei Mao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojun Hou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kunpeng Li
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, The Second Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China.,School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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12
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Mehanna R. "I am not depressed. I just don't like myself": stigma and (lack of) depression in a subset of patients with Parkinson's disease. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2020; 42:124-125. [PMID: 32187322 PMCID: PMC7115435 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2020-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raja Mehanna
- UT MOVE, Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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