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McGreen J, Kemps E, Tiggemann M. The relationship between inhibitory control and food consumption or choice: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Appetite 2023; 183:106466. [PMID: 36690185 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Excess consumption of unhealthy foods has become a major public health problem. Although one potential contributor to unhealthy consumption is poor inhibitory control, findings have been inconsistent. A meta-analysis of 35 studies was conducted to determine whether, and under which conditions, inhibitory control, as measured by the Go/No-Go and Stop-Signal tasks, is associated with food consumption/choice. Moderators included the type of stimuli (neutral or food-specific) used in measuring inhibitory control, sample differences (e.g., age, gender, and weight), and the measure of food consumption or choice. Overall, there was a small positive association between inhibitory control and food consumption/choice, r = .09, CI95 = [0.04, 0.14], p = .001. This held for the Stop-Signal Task in general, and for the Go/No-Go Task for children and when food consumption/choice was measured objectively. The present meta-analysis provides the first comprehensive evidence that inhibitory control, as measured by the Go/No-Go and Stop-Signal tasks, is associated with food consumption or choice, and points to inhibitory control as a potential target for reducing unhealthy food consumption.
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Labonté K, Nielsen DE. Measuring food-related inhibition with go/no-go tasks: Critical considerations for experimental design. Appetite 2023; 185:106497. [PMID: 36893916 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
The use of go/no-go tasks to assess inhibitory control over food stimuli is becoming increasingly popular. However, the wide variability in the design of these tasks makes it difficult to fully leverage their results. The goal of this commentary was to provide researchers with crucial aspects to consider when designing food-related go/no-go experiments. We examined 76 studies that used food-themed go/no-go tasks and extracted characteristics related to participant population, methodology, and analysis. Based on our observations of common issues that can influence study conclusions, we stress the importance for researchers to design an appropriate control condition and match stimuli between experimental conditions in terms of emotional and physical properties. We also emphasize that stimuli should be tailored to the participants under study, whether at the individual or group level. To ensure that the task truly measures inhibitory abilities, researchers should promote the establishment of a prepotent response pattern by presenting more go than no-go trials and by using short trials. Researchers should also pre-specify the criteria used to identify potentially invalid data. While go/no-go tasks represent valuable tools for studying food cognition, researchers should choose task parameters carefully and justify their methodological and analytical decisions in order to ensure the validity of results and promote best practices in food-related inhibition research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Labonté
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Macdonald-Stewart Building, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada.
| | - Daiva E Nielsen
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Macdonald-Stewart Building, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada.
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Mróz M, Gross JJ, Brytek-Matera A. Trait Anxiety and Unhealthy Eating in Adult Women: The Mediating Role of Cognitive Instability. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:296. [PMID: 36612619 PMCID: PMC9819590 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Previous studies have demonstrated the influence of affective states on unhealthy eating. Heightened impulsivity has also been recognized as a risk factor for unhealthy eating. The objective of the present study was to investigate the relationship between trait anxiety and unhealthy eating and to test whether cognitive instability (trait impulsivity component) might mediate this relationship among adult women. METHOD The sample was composed of 225 women (Mage = 29.70 ± 9.23; MBodyMass Index = 23.39 ± 4.43). The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) were used. We first conducted a principal components analysis to reduce the dimensionality of the FFQ data, finding four principal components. For our primary analyses, we focused on unhealthy eating. We then conducted a mediation analysis to examine whether trait anxiety was associated with unhealthy eating and, if so, whether cognitive impulsivity mediated this relationship. RESULTS Trait anxiety was positively associated with cognitive instability, and cognitive instability was positively associated with unhealthy eating. Trait anxiety was also positively associated with unhealthy eating, but only when controlling for cognitive instability. Consistent with our proposed mediation model, trait anxiety was positively associated with cognitive instability, which in turn predicted unhealthy eating among adult women. CONCLUSION Adult women who reported higher levels of trait anxiety experienced higher levels of cognitive instability and engaged in poor dietary behaviors. Identifying the factors related to unhealthy eating represents a crucial step toward findings ways of reducing their impact on food intake and replacing them with more productive ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Mróz
- Institute of Psychology, University of Wrocław, 50-527 Wrocław, Poland
| | - James J. Gross
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Anna Brytek-Matera
- Katowice Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, 40-326 Katowice, Poland
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Huang PC, Lee CH, Griffiths MD, O'Brien KS, Lin YC, Gan WY, Poon WC, Hung CH, Lee KH, Lin CY. Sequentially mediated effects of weight-related self-stigma and psychological distress in the association between perceived weight stigma and food addiction among Taiwanese university students: A cross-sectional study. J Eat Disord 2022; 10:177. [PMID: 36414956 PMCID: PMC9682751 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-022-00701-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Weight-related stigma has negative physiological and psychological impacts on individuals' quality of life. Stigmatized individuals may experience higher psychological distress and therefore increase the potential risk to develop obesity and/or food addiction. The present study examined the associations and mediated effect between perceived weight stigma, weight-related self-stigma, and psychological distress in explaining food addiction among Taiwanese university students. METHODS All participants (n = 968) completed an online survey which included the Perceived Weight Stigma Questionnaire, Weight Self-Stigma Questionnaire, Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale-21, and Yale Food Addiction Scale Version 2. RESULTS After controlling for demographic variables, significant associations were found in the paths from (1) perceived weight stigma to weight-related self-stigma ([Formula: see text] = 0.23), psychological distress ([Formula: see text] = 0.35), and food addiction ([Formula: see text] = 0.23); (2) weight-related self-stigma to psychological distress ([Formula: see text] = 0.52) and food addiction ([Formula: see text] = 0.59); and (3) psychological distress to food addiction ([Formula: see text] = 0.59) (all p-values < 0.001). The mediation model showed the sequential mediated effect of weight-related self-stigma and psychological distress in the association between perceived weight stigma and food addiction. CONCLUSIONS The results provide novel insights that weight-related self-stigma and psychological distress sequentially mediated the relationship between perceived weight stigma and food addiction among Taiwanese university students. The findings of the present study could be implemented into interventions that aim to reduce food addiction derived from weight-related stigma. Future studies should consider group analysis to consider confounding factors or other populations to provide more evidence regarding the mechanism of weight-related stigma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Ching Huang
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Rd., East Dist., Tainan, 701401, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Hsiang Lee
- Department of Nursing, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., South Dist., Taichung, 402306, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., South Dist., Taichung, 402306, Taiwan
| | - Mark D Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, 50 Shakespeare Street, Nottingham, NG1 4FQ, UK
| | - Kerry S O'Brien
- School of Social Sciences, Faculty of Arts, Monash University, 20 Chancellors Walk, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Yi-Ching Lin
- Department of Early Childhood and Family Education, National Taipei University of Education, No. 134, Sec. 2, Heping E. Rd., Da'an Dist., Taipei, 106320, Taiwan.
| | - Wan Ying Gan
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wai Chuen Poon
- Sunway University Business School, Sunway University, Selangor Darul Ehsan, No. 5, Jalan Universiti, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Ching-Hsia Hung
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Rd., East Dist., Tainan, 701401, Taiwan.,Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, Daxue Rd., East Dist., Tainan, 701401, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsin Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, No.1, Yida Rd, Yanchao District, Kaohsiung City, 824, Taiwan. .,School of Medicine, I-Shou University, No. 8, Yi-Da Road, Jiao-Su Village, Yan-Chao District, Kaohsiung City, 824, Taiwan.
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Rd., East Dist., Tainan, 701401, Taiwan. .,Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Rd., East Dist., Tainan, 701401, Taiwan. .,Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Rd., East Dist., Tainan, 701401, Taiwan. .,Biostatistics Consulting Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Rd., East Dist., Tainan, 701401, Taiwan.
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Fernández MS, Pilatti A, Pautassi RM. Eating-to-Cope Motives and Uncontrolled Eating as Mediators Between Negative Emotional States and Food Addiction Among Argentinean Young Adults. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022:1-19. [PMID: 36275610 PMCID: PMC9579650 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-022-00934-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Negative emotional states (NES; i.e., depression, anxiety and stress) are likely contributors to the development of food addiction (FA). The association between NES and FA symptoms may be mediated by altered eating behaviors or by eating-to-cope motives. This study examined, in a sample of Argentinean young adults, the association between NES and FA symptoms via eating-to-cope motives and three patterns of eating behaviors. We also examined whether the model was invariant across college status. The transition from high school to college is usually associated with increased exposure to stress, which promotes the probability of engaging in altered eating behaviors. A sample of 499 Argentinean young adults (mean age = 24.9 ± 3.51 years) completed a survey that assessed FA symptoms, eating behaviors (i.e., uncontrolled, emotional, and restrained eating), eating-to-cope motives and NES. A path analysis tested the indirect association between NES and FA symptoms via uncontrolled, emotional or restrained eating, or by eating-to-cope. Stress and depression symptoms were indirectly associated with FA symptoms via uncontrolled eating and eating-to-cope motives. The model was invariant across college status. The findings suggest that NES are associated with FA symptoms by increasing uncontrolled eating and eating-to-cope motives. Young adults exhibiting greater depressive or stress symptoms, higher eating-to-cope, or higher uncontrolled eating may be at risk for FA. Future research should examine the significance of this pattern by tailoring interventions to these characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Soledad Fernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, IIPsi-CONICET-UNC, Bv. de la Reforma, 1936 Córdoba (5000), Argentina
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Bv. de la Reforma 1936, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Angelina Pilatti
- Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, IIPsi-CONICET-UNC, Bv. de la Reforma, 1936 Córdoba (5000), Argentina
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Bv. de la Reforma 1936, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ricardo Marcos Pautassi
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Bv. de la Reforma 1936, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigación Médica M. Y M. Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Friuli 2434, C.P. 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
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Christofaro DG, Tebar WR, Silva GC, Lofrano-Prado MC, Botero JP, Cucato GG, Malik N, Hollands K, Correia MA, Ritti-Dias RM, Prado WL. Anxiety is more related to inadequate eating habits in inactive than in physically active adults during COVID-19 quarantine. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 51:301-306. [PMID: 36184220 PMCID: PMC9371765 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background & aims Anxiety can be related to reduced diet quality during pandemics such as COVID-19. However, it is not clear whether these relationships would be similar in inactive and physically active participants. The aim of this study was to analyze associations between anxiety and eating habits in physically active and inactive individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods The sample consisted of 1826 adults (58.5% women) who were invited through social media to answer an online questionnaire. The instrument included questions related to physical activity, eating habits, health behavior, mental health (anxiety, depression, self-esteem, sadness and stress) and overall health. Anxiety, food habits (high food habits consumption ≥5 times per week) and physical activity (≥150 min per week) were assessed during the COVID-19 pandemic. The relationship between anxiety and eating habits according to levels of physical activity (inactive vs. active) was assessed using binary logistic regression adjusted for sex, age, education level, social isolation, and body mass index. Results Among the inactive participants, anxiety was related with high consumption of sweets (OR = 1.43; 95% CI = 1.11–1.83) and fast foods (OR = 2.23; 95% CI = 1.05–4.74) while quarantining during the COVID-19 pandemic. No relationship was observed between anxiety and food consumption among physically active participants in the final model. Conclusion Anxiety was associated with less desirable eating habits among physically inactive adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Tonkikh O, Zisberg A, Shadmi E. The role of nurse staffing in the performance of function-preserving processes during acute hospitalization: A cross-sectional study. Int J Nurs Stud 2021; 121:103999. [PMID: 34242978 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2021.103999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Performance of function-preserving hospitalization processes related to patient mobility, use of continence aids and food intake is significantly associated with outcomes in older adults. Nurses are the front-line personnel responsible for promoting performance of such processes. The degree to which nurse staffing is related to this performance is unclear. OBJECTIVE To identify nurse-staffing characteristics and nursing-related care needs associated with older patients' mobility, continence care and food intake during acute hospitalization. DESIGN Cross-sectional study using survey data from the Hospitalization Process Effects on Functional Outcomes and Recovery (HoPE-FOR) cohort study combined with day-level administrative nurse staffing data and clinical day-level aggregated data for all patients hospitalized during the HoPE-FOR study period. SETTING Internal medicine units in two medical centers in Israel. PARTICIPANTS Eight hundred seventy-three older adults. METHODS Mobility, continence care and food intake were assessed within 2 days of admission using validated questionnaires. Nurse-to-patient ratios and nursing-skill mix (i.e. registered nurses (RNs), nurse aides, nurses with advanced clinical training and RNs with an academic degree) were assessed using administrative data. Decision trees were developed for mobility, continence care and food intake, applying classification and regression-tree analysis. RESULTS The mobility decision tree identified three characteristics subdividing patients into six nodes: pre-admission functioning, pre-admission activity level and percentage of nurses with advanced training. The percentage of nurses with advanced training classified low-functioning patients into those walking in corridors versus walking or sitting only inside the room. The continence-care classification decision tree identified two characteristics that subdivided the patients into four nodes: pre-admission functioning and bladder control. Nurse-to-patient-ratio variables and patients' nursing-related care needs did not contribute to this classification. The food-intake decision tree identified four characteristics-pre-admission functioning, gender, percentage of nurses with advanced training and percentage of nurse aides-subdividing patients into eight nodes. Low-functioning patients exposed to a higher percentage of nurses with advanced training had food-intake scores 14% higher than patients exposed to a lower percentage of nurses with advanced training. Independent men exposed to a higher percentage of nurse aides had a 14% higher habitual daily in-hospital food-intake score than independent men exposed to a lower percentage of nurse aides. CONCLUSIONS A higher percentage of nurses with post-graduate education is associated with better performance of mobility and food intake of hospitalized older adults. To maintain the potential benefits of highly trained staff, education levels should be considered in scheduling and assignment decision-making processes in internal medicine units. Tweetable abstract: A higher percentage of nurses with post-graduate education is associated with better mobility and food intake of hospitalized older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orly Tonkikh
- The Cheryl Spencer Department of Nursing, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel.
| | - Anna Zisberg
- The Cheryl Spencer Department of Nursing, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel.
| | - Efrat Shadmi
- The Cheryl Spencer Department of Nursing, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel.
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Wiss D, Brewerton T. Separating the Signal from the Noise: How Psychiatric Diagnoses Can Help Discern Food Addiction from Dietary Restraint. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2937. [PMID: 32992768 PMCID: PMC7600542 DOI: 10.3390/nu12102937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Converging evidence from both animal and human studies have implicated hedonic eating as a driver of both binge eating and obesity. The construct of food addiction has been used to capture pathological eating across clinical and non-clinical populations. There is an ongoing debate regarding the value of a food addiction "diagnosis" among those with eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa binge/purge-type, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder. Much of the food addiction research in eating disorder populations has failed to account for dietary restraint, which can increase addiction-like eating behaviors and may even lead to false positives. Some have argued that the concept of food addiction does more harm than good by encouraging restrictive approaches to eating. Others have shown that a better understanding of the food addiction model can reduce stigma associated with obesity. What is lacking in the literature is a description of a more comprehensive approach to the assessment of food addiction. This should include consideration of dietary restraint, and the presence of symptoms of other psychiatric disorders (substance use, posttraumatic stress, depressive, anxiety, attention deficit hyperactivity) to guide treatments including nutrition interventions. The purpose of this review is to help clinicians identify the symptoms of food addiction (true positives, or "the signal") from the more classic eating pathology (true negatives, or "restraint") that can potentially elevate food addiction scores (false positives, or "the noise"). Three clinical vignettes are presented, designed to aid with the assessment process, case conceptualization, and treatment strategies. The review summarizes logical steps that clinicians can take to contextualize elevated food addiction scores, even when the use of validated research instruments is not practical.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Wiss
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90025, USA
| | - Timothy Brewerton
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
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