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Molecular Detection and Characterization of Pasteurella multocida Infecting Camels in Marsabit and Turkana Counties, Kenya. Int J Microbiol 2022; 2022:9349303. [PMID: 36045699 PMCID: PMC9424043 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9349303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pasteurella multocida infection is common in Kenya though there is little knowledge of the genetic diversity of the pathogen. P. multocida is part of the normal flora in the respiratory tract of camels, but it becomes pathogenic when the resistance of the camel body is diminished by bad ecological conditions. This study was conducted to detect, characterize, and determine the genetic diversity of P. multocida infecting camels in Marsabit and Turkana Counties. The KMT1 gene was targeted as the marker gene for P. multocida and hyaD-hyaC, bcbD, dcbF, ecbJ, and fcbD as marker genes for capsular serogroups A, B, D, E, and F, respectively. Out of 102 blood and 30 nasal swab samples, twenty-one samples (16%) were confirmed to be positive for P. multocida and only capsular group E was detected in both counties. The P. multocida sequences were highly conserved and were related to strains from other parts of the world. Our study has confirmed that camels in Marsabit and Turkana Counties of Kenya are infected by P. multocida of capsular type E. Farmers should not underfeed camels, ensure appropriate medication and vaccination programs, and minimize herding of camels in crowded areas especially in wet conditions in order to slow the spread of P. multocida infection.
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Saha O, Islam MR, Rahman MS, Hoque MN, Hossain MA, Sultana M. First report from Bangladesh on genetic diversity of multidrug-resistant Pasteurella multocida type B:2 in fowl cholera. Vet World 2021; 14:2527-2542. [PMID: 34840474 PMCID: PMC8613801 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.2527-2542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Fowl cholera (FC) caused by Pasteurella multocida is a highly contagious bacterial disease of global importance for poultry production. The severity and incidence of FC caused by P. multocida may vary considerably depending on several factors associated with the host (including species and age of infected birds), the environment, and the bacterial strain. This study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity of multidrug-resistant P. multocida strains isolated from FC outbreaks in laying hens from commercial farms of Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: We collected 57 samples of suspected FC, including 36 live and 21 dead laying hens. P. multocida isolates were characterized by biochemical and molecular-biological methods. Results: Twenty-two strains of P. multocida were isolated from these samples through phenotypic and genotypic characterization. The strains were grouped into two distinct random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) biotypes harboring a range of pathogenic genes; exbB, ompH, ptfA, nanB, sodC, and hgbA. In this study, 90.90% and 81.82% P. multocida strains were multidrug-resistant and biofilm formers, respectively. Whole-genome sequencing of the two representative RAPD phylotypes confirmed as P. multocida type B: L2:ST122, harboring a number of virulence factors-associated genes (VFGs), and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes (ARGs). In addition, pan-genome analysis revealed 90 unique genes in the genomes of P. multocida predicted to be associated with versatile metabolic functions, pathogenicity, virulence, and AMR. Conclusion: This is first-ever report on the association of P. multocida genotype B: L2:ST122 and related VFGs and ARGs in the pathogenesis of FC in laying hens. This study also provides a genetic context for future researches on the evolutionary diversity of P. multocida strains and their host adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otun Saha
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
| | - M Rafiul Islam
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
| | - M Shaminur Rahman
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
| | - M Nazmul Hoque
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh.,Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Health, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur-1706, Bangladesh
| | - M Anwar Hossain
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh.,Vice-Chancellor, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore-7408, Bangladesh
| | - Munawar Sultana
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
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Virulence attitude estimation of Pasteurella multocida isolates in embryonated chicken eggs. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:6153-6162. [PMID: 34554268 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02579-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A total of 220 birds of age ranging from 3 to 14 weeks old were collected from several backyards and different farms in Sharkia Governorate, Egypt, and surveyed for the presence of fowl cholera. Twenty Pasteurella multocida from chickens (15/145, 10%) and ducks (5/75, 6%) were bacteriologically isolated, and it was shown that the infection was significantly related to age and breed. Capsular typing, using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR), demonstrated that all strains were type A (100%). Disk diffusion assay towards ten antimicrobials revealed high susceptibilities to amikacin, doxycycline, chloramphenicol, and neomycin with varying degrees. Doxycycline was effective at the lowest concentration (MIC 0.125-1 µg/ml). Multidrug resistance was detected with a percentage of 25%. Multidrug-resistant isolates (five isolates) were subjected to study their pathogenicity in embryonated chicken eggs (ECE). The results showed a variation in indices between different dilutions of the tested strains. The resulting pathogenicity indices showed significant differences (P < 0.05) according to the origin and dilution of the isolate. From the original inoculum to 10-4 dilutions, the mortality of inoculated embryos occurred within 1-2 days with pathological findings, including maceration and lesions on chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). From dilutions ranging from 10-5 to 10-9, no death occurred until 7 days post-inoculation, but a variation in the lesions on CAM was observed. In conclusion, P. multocida serogroup A could be intensely pathogenic for mature chickens thus causing considerable economic losses, and PCR provides a suitable technique for early and rapid diagnosis of fowl cholera.
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Abbas AM, Abd El-Moaty DAM, Zaki ESA, El-Sergany EF, El-Sebay NA, Fadl HA, Samy AA. Use of molecular biology tools for rapid identification and characterization of Pasteurella spp. Vet World 2018; 11:1006-1014. [PMID: 30147273 PMCID: PMC6097567 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.1006-1014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to create rapid characterization and genotyping of Pasteurella multocida (PM) protocol using modern molecular biology techniques. Materials and Methods: Thirty bacterial isolates were characterized by capsular and somatic identification using conventional procedure followed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR), restriction endonucleases analysis (REA), and finally confirmed by sequence analysis. Two local vaccine strains and two field isolates were identified as PM Type A and B. Results: A total of 30 isolates were found positive for PM either morphologically and biochemically; however, multiplex PCR technique identified only 22 isolates as Pasteurella species using universal primers while 8 isolates were found negative for PM. 12 of 22 isolates (54%) were characterized at the same reaction into PM Type A, five isolates (23%) were Type B and the rest five isolates (23%) of tested isolates were negative for Types A, B, and D. Hemorrhagic septicemia Type B: 2 or B: 5 could be identified somatically within PM capsular serogroup B using PCR technique. Somatic characterization of PM was done using REA that could identify all PM Type A into A:1 and all PM Type B into B: 2. These protocols were verified for its accuracy and reliability by sequence analysis of two vaccine strains of PM Type A and B that were characterized previously by biochemical and serological methods as well as two selected isolates from the 22 positive isolates representing PM Type A and B. Conclusion: PCR and REA could confirm the identity of PM and provide a rapid and reliable characterization in comparison with biochemical analysis and conventional serotyping that may take up to 2 weeks. Hence, they can reduce the time needed for polyvalent vaccine production and when the reference antisera are unavailable. Moreover, the identity of Omp-H for vaccine and field strains may provide better data to control Pasteurellosis in Egypt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf M Abbas
- Genetic Engineering Research Department, Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Cairo Egypt
| | - Dalia A M Abd El-Moaty
- Genetic Engineering Research Department, Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Cairo Egypt
| | - Eman S A Zaki
- Aerobic Bacterial Vaccine Research Department, Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Cairo Egypt
| | - Elham F El-Sergany
- Anaerobic Bacterial Vaccine Research Department, Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Cairo Egypt
| | - Nadine A El-Sebay
- Genetic Engineering Research Department, Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Cairo Egypt
| | - Hala A Fadl
- Genetic Engineering Research Department, Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Cairo Egypt
| | - A A Samy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Veterinary Division, National Research Center, Dokki, Egypt
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Starr KF, Porsch EA, Seed PC, Heiss C, Naran R, Forsberg LS, Amit U, Yagupsky P, Azadi P, St. Geme JW. Kingella kingae Expresses Four Structurally Distinct Polysaccharide Capsules That Differ in Their Correlation with Invasive Disease. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005944. [PMID: 27760194 PMCID: PMC5070880 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Kingella kingae is an encapsulated gram-negative organism that is a common cause of osteoarticular infections in young children. In earlier work, we identified a glycosyltransferase gene called csaA that is necessary for synthesis of the [3)-β-GalpNAc-(1→5)-β-Kdop-(2→] polysaccharide capsule (type a) in K. kingae strain 269-492. In the current study, we analyzed a large collection of invasive and carrier isolates from Israel and found that csaA was present in only 47% of the isolates. Further examination of this collection using primers based on the sequence that flanks csaA revealed three additional gene clusters (designated the csb, csc, and csd loci), all encoding predicted glycosyltransferases. The csb locus contains the csbA, csbB, and csbC genes and is associated with a capsule that is a polymer of [6)-α-GlcpNAc-(1→5)-β-(8-OAc)Kdop-(2→] (type b). The csc locus contains the cscA, cscB, and cscC genes and is associated with a capsule that is a polymer of [3)-β-Ribf-(1→2)-β-Ribf-(1→2)-β-Ribf-(1→4)-β-Kdop-(2→] (type c). The csd locus contains the csdA, csdB, and csdC genes and is associated with a capsule that is a polymer of [P-(O→3)[β-Galp-(1→4)]-β-GlcpNAc-(1→3)-α-GlcpNAc-1-] (type d). Introduction of the csa, csb, csc, and csd loci into strain KK01Δcsa, a strain 269-492 derivative that lacks the native csaA gene, was sufficient to produce the type a capsule, type b capsule, type c capsule, and type d capsule, respectively, indicating that these loci are solely responsible for determining capsule type in K. kingae. Further analysis demonstrated that 96% of the invasive isolates express either the type a or type b capsule and that a disproportionate percentage of carrier isolates express the type c or type d capsule. These results establish that there are at least four structurally distinct K. kingae capsule types and suggest that capsule type plays an important role in promoting K. kingae invasive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly F. Starr
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Eric A. Porsch
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Patrick C. Seed
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Christian Heiss
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Radnaa Naran
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - L. Scott Forsberg
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Uri Amit
- Radiation Oncology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Pablo Yagupsky
- Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Parastoo Azadi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Joseph W. St. Geme
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
- * E-mail:
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Furian TQ, Borges KA, Laviniki V, Rocha SLDS, de Almeida CN, do Nascimento VP, Salle CTP, Moraes HLDS. Virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance of Pasteurella multocida isolated from poultry and swine. Braz J Microbiol 2016; 47:210-6. [PMID: 26887247 PMCID: PMC4822770 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2015.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pasteurella multocida causes atrophic rhinitis in swine and fowl cholera in birds, and is a secondary agent in respiratory syndromes. Pathogenesis and virulence factors involved are still poorly understood. The aim of this study was to detect 22 virulence-associated genes by PCR, including capsular serogroups A, B and D genes and to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility of P. multocida strains from poultry and swine. ompH, oma87, plpB, psl, exbD-tonB, fur, hgbA, nanB, sodA, sodC, ptfA were detected in more than 90% of the strains of both hosts. 91% and 92% of avian and swine strains, respectively, were classified in serogroup A. toxA and hsf-1 showed a significant association to serogroup D; pmHAS and pfhA to serogroup A. Gentamicin and amoxicillin were the most effective drugs with susceptibility higher than 97%; however, 76.79% of poultry strains and 85% of swine strains were resistant to sulphonamides. Furthermore, 19.64% and 36.58% of avian and swine strains, respectively, were multi-resistant. Virulence genes studied were not specific to a host and may be the result of horizontal transmission throughout evolution. High multidrug resistance demonstrates the need for responsible use of antimicrobials in animals intended for human consumption, in addition to antimicrobial susceptibility testing to P. multocida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thales Quedi Furian
- Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS CEP: 91540-000, Brazil.
| | - Karen Apellanis Borges
- Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS CEP: 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Laviniki
- Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS CEP: 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Silvio Luis da Silveira Rocha
- Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS CEP: 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Camila Neves de Almeida
- Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS CEP: 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Vladimir Pinheiro do Nascimento
- Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS CEP: 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Carlos Tadeu Pippi Salle
- Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS CEP: 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Hamilton Luiz de Souza Moraes
- Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS CEP: 91540-000, Brazil
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