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Plakias S, Tsatalas T, Mina MA, Kokkotis C, Flouris AD, Giakas G. The Impact of Heat Exposure on the Health and Performance of Soccer Players: A Narrative Review and Bibliometric Analysis. Sports (Basel) 2024; 12:249. [PMID: 39330726 PMCID: PMC11436032 DOI: 10.3390/sports12090249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The impact of heat exposure on the health and performance of soccer players is a widely discussed topic. The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive overview of the international literature that has addressed this issue. To achieve this objective, we initially conducted a bibliometric analysis and a literature review of the main topics that emerged through bibliometric techniques. For the bibliometric analysis, we employed VOSviewer software (version 1.6.20.0) and used documents found in the Scopus database. The analysis ultimately included 133 documents published in 66 sources. Key journals and authors were identified, highlighting significant contributions to the field. Science mapping revealed collaboration networks and research focus areas such as physical health, safety, soccer performance, dehydration and hydration, physiological mechanisms and monitoring, nutrition, fluid intake, and cooling techniques. Based on the key areas highlighted in the identified clusters, which emerged from the co-occurrence analysis of the author keywords, the following three topics were developed in the literature review: (a) the physiology and health of football players; (b) performance impacts; and (c) strategies to prevent negative consequences. The review showed that high heat exposure can reduce the physical and cognitive performance of athletes and prove detrimental to their health. To mitigate the negative consequences, appropriate hydration strategies, heat acclimatization, and cooling techniques have been proposed. Our findings provide the international scientific community with comprehensive knowledge of the existing literature, laying the foundation for future research while simultaneously offering coaches and athletes the necessary theoretical knowledge to help improve safety and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon Plakias
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Karyes, 42100 Trikala, Greece; (S.P.); (T.T.)
| | - Themistoklis Tsatalas
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Karyes, 42100 Trikala, Greece; (S.P.); (T.T.)
| | - Minas A. Mina
- Department of Sport, Outdoor and Exercise Science, School of Human Sciences & Human Sciences Research Centre, University of Derby, Kedleston Road, Derby DE22 1GB, UK;
| | - Christos Kokkotis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Democritus University of Thrace, 69100 Komotini, Greece;
| | - Andreas D. Flouris
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece;
| | - Giannis Giakas
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Karyes, 42100 Trikala, Greece; (S.P.); (T.T.)
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Machado AF, Zovico PVC, Evangelista AL, Rica RL, Miranda JMDQ, Alberton CL, Bullo V, Gobbo S, Bergamin M, Baker JS, Bocalini DS. Psychophysiological Responses of Exercise Distribution During High Intensity Interval Training Using Whole Body Exercise. Front Physiol 2022; 13:912890. [PMID: 36072848 PMCID: PMC9441899 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.912890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The time-efficient nature of HIIT using bodyweight exercises can facilitate the application of exercise programs at home by encouraging more people to perform regular physical exercise. However, there are no studies investigating the influence of the distribution/order of exercises during HIIT training sessions using this method. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of different exercise orders on training load indicators during HIIT sessions using body weight. Twenty male participants performed three 20-min sessions of HIIT using whole body exercise, consisting of 20 sets with 30 s of activity performed at maximal intensity, followed by 30 s of passive recovery. Three designs of exercise protocols were randomly performed according to the following exercise distribution: A: jumping jack, burpee, mountain climb and squat jump); B: jumping jack, mountain climb, burpee, and squat jump) and C: burpee, squat jump, jumping jack and mountain climb. No differences were found between protocols for relative heart rate, perceived exertion, and lactate concentrations. Significant differences (p < 0.001) were found for the number of movements (A:712 ± 59, B:524 ± 49, C:452 ± 65). No differences were observed for the area under curve when examining perceived exertion between protocols. However, the values for perceived recovery significantly differed (p < 0.001) between protocols (A:64 ± 19; B:52 ± 11; C:17 ± 13). Interestingly, protocol B and C induced a displeasure perception compared to protocol A. Our findings suggest that exercise distribution/order using HIIT whole body exercise promotes alterations in psychophysiological responses in HIIT using whole body exercises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre F. Machado
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology and Biochemistry, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Physical Education and Sport Center, Vitoria, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Alexandre F. Machado,
| | - Paulo Vinicios Camuzi Zovico
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology and Biochemistry, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Physical Education and Sport Center, Vitoria, Brazil
| | | | - Roberta L. Rica
- Department of Physical Education, Estacio de Sá University, Vitoria, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Stefano Gobbo
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Bergamin
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Julien S. Baker
- Center for Health and Exercise Science Research, Department of Sports, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, China
| | - Danilo S. Bocalini
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology and Biochemistry, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Physical Education and Sport Center, Vitoria, Brazil
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Stamborowski SF, de Oliveira Spinelli BM, Lima FPS, Costa DR, de Silveira Souza GA, Lima MO, Lopes Martins RAB. The influence of photobiomodulation on the temperature of the brachial biceps during muscle fatigue protocol. Lasers Med Sci 2021; 36:1741-1749. [PMID: 34255219 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-021-03360-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity raises body temperature. However, the literature does not contain studies about whether the employment of hotobiomodulation (PMB) could significantly influence body temperature during a muscle fatigue (MF) protocol. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of PMB on the temperature of the biceps brachii muscle during the performance of a muscle fatigue protocol. The study consisted of 14 volunteers who were divided into two groups (placebo group and laser group) and all individuals rotated into all groups (crossover study). To induce muscle fatigue, three maximum voluntary isometric contractions (MVIC) were performed for 50 s with a 50-s interval. During the MVIC, the muscle strength was assessed using surface electromyography and infrared temperature at 0, 5, 10, and 15 min after the tests. The laser group presented a less accentuated decrease in muscle strength, evidencing a lower rate of muscle fatigue (p > 0.05) in relation to the other groups. In the temperature analysis, the control group exhibited the highest average temperature, with a significant difference only for the placebo. The results indicate that the control displayed the greatest physical degeneration and the PMB group had a positive effect on MF attenuation and body thermoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadi Fernando Stamborowski
- Institute of Research and Development, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba (Univap), Av. Shishima Hifumi, 2911 - Urbanova, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, 12244-390, Brazil.
| | - Bruna Moreira de Oliveira Spinelli
- Institute of Research and Development, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba (Univap), Av. Shishima Hifumi, 2911 - Urbanova, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, 12244-390, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Pupio Silva Lima
- Institute of Research and Development, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba (Univap), Av. Shishima Hifumi, 2911 - Urbanova, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, 12244-390, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriela Aparecida de Silveira Souza
- Institute of Research and Development, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba (Univap), Av. Shishima Hifumi, 2911 - Urbanova, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, 12244-390, Brazil
| | - Mario Oliveira Lima
- Institute of Research and Development, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba (Univap), Av. Shishima Hifumi, 2911 - Urbanova, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, 12244-390, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Alvaro Brandão Lopes Martins
- Institute of Research and Development, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba (Univap), Av. Shishima Hifumi, 2911 - Urbanova, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, 12244-390, Brazil
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Ferreira KS, Teixeira ADO, Brito ED, Arbiza BCC, Puntel GO, Silva AMVD, Paulitsch FDS, Signori LU. ELECTROLYTE CHANGES RELATED TO MUSCLE PAIN AFTER RESISTANCE EXERCISES. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-869220202603217420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction Resistance exercises (RE) performed at high intensity cause an inflammatory response and electrolyte abnormalities in blood plasma. Objectives To study the plasma electrolyte changes resulting from a high-intensity session of RE in untrained volunteers, and to correlate these with delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). Methods Twenty volunteers, aged 26.9 (±4.4) years, underwent an RE session. The workout (leg extension, squat and leg press) consisted of four sets of 10 maximum repetitions. Electrolytes (Na+, K+, Ca2+ e Mg2+) were evaluated before the training (baseline), immediately (0 min), and 30 minutes after the RE. The DOMS was assessed 24 hours after the sessions. Results The Na+ increased immediately after the RE and returned to normal after 30 min (p<0.001). After 30 min, K+ increased compared to baseline levels and immediately after the RE (p<0.001). Ca2+ and Mg2+ levels did not change throughout the study. Changes in Na+ and K+ levels were correlated immediately (r=-0.511; p=0.021) and 30 min (r=-0.455; p=0.049) after RE. Plasma concentrations of Na+ 0 min were correlated (r=-0.520; p=0.018) with the DOMS. Conclusion High-intensity RE in untrained volunteers leads to changes in plasma concentrations of Na+ and K+. Na+ concentrations immediately after RE were related to DOMS; individuals that presented smaller alterations in this electrolyte reported more muscular pain. Level of evidence II; Diagnostic Studies - Development of diagnostic criteria on consecutive patients (with universally applied reference “gold” standard).
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