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Osório Alves J, Matta Pereira L, Cabral Coutinho do Rêgo Monteiro I, Pontes dos Santos LH, Soares Marreiros Ferraz A, Carneiro Loureiro AC, Calado Lima C, Leal-Cardoso JH, Pires Carvalho D, Soares Fortunato R, Marilande Ceccatto V. Strenuous Acute Exercise Induces Slow and Fast Twitch-Dependent NADPH Oxidase Expression in Rat Skeletal Muscle. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9010057. [PMID: 31936265 PMCID: PMC7022445 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The enzymatic complex Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOx) may be the principal source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The NOX2 and NOX4 isoforms are tissue-dependent and are differentially expressed in slow-twitch fibers (type I fibers) and fast-twitch fibers (type II fibers) of skeletal muscle, making them different markers of ROS metabolism induced by physical exercise. The aim of this study was to investigate NOx signaling, as a non-adaptive and non-cumulative response, in the predominant fiber types of rat skeletal muscles 24 h after one strenuous treadmill exercise session. The levels of mRNA, reduced glycogen, thiol content, NOx, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase activity, and PPARGC1α and SLC2A4 gene expression were measured in the white gastrocnemius (WG) portion, the red gastrocnemius (RG) portion, and the soleus muscle (SOL). NOx activity showed higher values in the SOL muscle compared to the RG and WG portions. The same was true of the NOX2 and NOX4 mRNA levels, antioxidant enzymatic activities, glycogen content. Twenty-four hours after the strenuous exercise session, NOx expression increased in slow-twitch oxidative fibers. The acute strenuous exercise condition showed an attenuation of oxidative stress and an upregulation of antioxidant activity through PPARGC1α gene activity, antioxidant defense adaptations, and differential gene expression according to the predominant fiber type. The most prominent location of detoxification (indicated by NOX4 activation) in the slow-twitch oxidative SOL muscle was the mitochondria, while the fast-twitch oxidative RG portion showed a more cytosolic location. Glycolytic metabolism in the WG portion suggested possible NOX2/NOX4 non-regulation, indicating other possible ROS regulation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Osório Alves
- Laboratório de Expressão Gênica, Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza 60.714-903, Brazil; (J.O.A.); (L.H.P.d.S.); (A.C.C.L.)
| | - Leonardo Matta Pereira
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Sinalização redox, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (L.M.P.); (I.C.C.d.R.M.); (R.S.F.)
| | - Igor Cabral Coutinho do Rêgo Monteiro
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Sinalização redox, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (L.M.P.); (I.C.C.d.R.M.); (R.S.F.)
| | - Luiz Henrique Pontes dos Santos
- Laboratório de Expressão Gênica, Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza 60.714-903, Brazil; (J.O.A.); (L.H.P.d.S.); (A.C.C.L.)
| | | | - Adriano Cesar Carneiro Loureiro
- Laboratório de Expressão Gênica, Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza 60.714-903, Brazil; (J.O.A.); (L.H.P.d.S.); (A.C.C.L.)
| | - Crystianne Calado Lima
- Laboratório de Eletrofisiologia Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza 60.714-903, Brazil; (C.C.L.); (J.H.L.-C.)
| | - José Henrique Leal-Cardoso
- Laboratório de Eletrofisiologia Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza 60.714-903, Brazil; (C.C.L.); (J.H.L.-C.)
| | - Denise Pires Carvalho
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris Rosenthal, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil;
| | - Rodrigo Soares Fortunato
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Sinalização redox, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (L.M.P.); (I.C.C.d.R.M.); (R.S.F.)
| | - Vânia Marilande Ceccatto
- Laboratório de Expressão Gênica, Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza 60.714-903, Brazil; (J.O.A.); (L.H.P.d.S.); (A.C.C.L.)
- Correspondence:
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