Validation of vulnerability markers of dysfunctions in the socioemotional development of infants

Construction and validation of an instrument for classifying nipple and areola complex lesions resulting from breastfeeding

OBJECTIVES

to construct and validate a classification of nipple and areola complex lesions resulting from breastfeeding, according to content and appearance.

METHODS

this is a methodological study, developed in four stages: operational definition, instrument construction, content and appearance validation. The Delphi technique and a Likert-type scale were used to validate content and appearance, through the participation of ten and sixteen judges, respectively. For analysis, Content Validity Index and Kappa Coefficient were applied.

RESULTS

Content Validity Index obtained an overall value of 0.93 and, for appearance, 0.94. Kappa values ranged between 0.46 and 1. The high rates of agreement among judges demonstrated the quality of the proposed content validity.

CONCLUSIONS

the Nipple and Areola Complex Lesions Classification Instrument developed obtained acceptable values of its indexes, proving to be valid in terms of content and appearance.

The trajectory of crack users to the street situation in the perspective of family members

OBJECTIVES

To understand the family experience regarding the trajectory of crack users for the street situation.

METHODS

Qualitative study using the systemic approach as the theoretical referential and the narrative as methodological referential. We conducted interviews with eleven family members of crack users with street situation experience cared for at a community mental health service. We analyzed the interviews using the inductive content analysis technique.

RESULTS

The family members understood the trajectory of the crack users for the street situation from two perspectives. One before the street situation process, for which they described a problematic childhood, the presence of stressor traumas/events, vulnerabilities in the family environment, and their family members' encounter with the drug world. Moreover, another posterior to the street situation, for which they narrated the perception of alterations in the users, the discovery of crack use, the deepening of the individuals' relationship with the streets, and the adoption of coping strategies.

CONCLUSIONS

It was made evident that the family adopts an explicative model for the behavior of drug use and contact with the streets based on the life history of the crack user family member.