Construction and validation of educational material for the health promotion of individuals with HIV

Construction and Validation of an Educational Technology to Promote the Health of Postmenopausal Women with Dry Eye Syndrome

The climacteric heralds a transition from reproductive to non-reproductive life in women, often accompanied by various clinical manifestations such as dry eye, impacting their quality of life. This study focuses on systematically developing and suitability an educational digital booklet to promote eye health practices and prevent problems among postmenopausal women. The methodological approach encompassed semi-structured interviews with women diagnosed with Dry Eye Syndrome (DES), then constructing the material integrating content, script, illustrations, and layout informed by the interview findings. Subsequent validation involved assessment by 24 health experts for content, appearance, and evaluation by a target audience of 22 women. The booklet attained high suitability scores, with a Global Content Validity Index (CVI) of 0.96, indicating superior suitability as judged by experts. Additionally, it achieved a Global CVI of 0.98 for validation by the target audience. In conclusion, the educational booklet emerges as a suitable and reliable resource for promoting eye heath among DES and non-syndrome women, offering significant potential for broader application in relevant populations.

Logical model of reception and risk classification for women with pre-eclampsia and eclampsia

OBJECTIVE

To describe the validation of the Logical Model of Reception and Risk Classification for women with pre-eclampsia/eclampsia in a high-risk maternity hospital.

METHOD

Evaluative research with a quantitative approach. The elaboration and validation of the Logical Model were systematized in stages related to the scope review, preparation of the document guided by the Donabedian model and validation by 12 stakeholders, aiming at the assessment of the Content Validation Index.

RESULTS

The problem that gave rise to the intervention was elaborated, supporting the construction of the Logical Model. Agreement was reached on 24 items, reaching a Content Validation Index of 0.99. Stakeholders included contributions regarding correlations between elements of the structure and process.

CONCLUSION

The document achieved high content validity and could contribute to decision-making by managers in the Reception and Risk Classification sectors for women with pre-eclampsia and/or eclampsia.

HIV testing among immigrant men who have sex with men in Brazil

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the prevalence of non-testing for HIV among immigrant men who have sex with men (MSM) residing in Brazil and identify associated factors.

DESIGN

An analytical web-survey study was conducted across all Brazilian states from January 2020 to May 2021.

SAMPLE

The study included 804 MSM immigrants from Portuguese-speaking countries.

MEASUREMENTS

Odds ratio (OR) and adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) were utilized to determine the strength of the association between non-HIV testing and associated factors.

RESULTS

Among the participants, 63.7% had never undergone HIV testing. Multivariate analysis revealed several factors associated with a higher likelihood of not being tested for HIV: having a steady/monogamus partner (AOR: 1.5; 95%CI: 1.1-2.3) or both casual and steady partners (AOR: 1.8; 95%CI: 1.2-3.4), not engaging in bareback sex (AOR: 1.91; 95%CI: 3-3.5), being an immigrant in the country for less than 12 months (AOR: 3.7; 95%CI: 2.5-9.7), and having a preference for insertive (AOR: 1.5; 95%CI: 1.1-2.5) or receptive (AOR: 2.9; 95%CI: 1.4-5.7) roles. However, practicing chemsex was found to be a protective factor for testing (AOR: 4).

CONCLUSION

To enhance HIV prevention strategies, it is crucial to implement specific measures that ensure accessibility, confidentiality, and a reduction in stigma associated with HIV testing.

Validation of a Guideline for Nurses Taking Care of Patients With Liver Cirrhosis in the Context of COVID-19 in the Emergency Department

The objective of this study was to prepare and validate the content of a guideline for nursing care of adult patients with liver cirrhosis and COVID-19 treated in the emergency department. The study was conducted in two stages: first, the guideline was developed based on an integrative literature review and existing guidelines on the topic. The guideline was prepared with six domains and 64 care items. In the second stage, 15 specialists in urgency and emergency services performed content validation of the guideline. The data were analyzed using the Content Validity Index, with reliability assessed through Cronbach's α. The judges validated the guide regarding language clarity, objectivity, theoretical relevance, and practical pertinence. The value of the guideline's Content Validity Index was 0.96. Cronbach's α reliability reached a value of 0.93. The judges validated all domains and items of the guideline for theoretical relevance and practical pertinence, to be used by researchers and clinical practice professionals in the nursing area.

Pharmacist-Involved Antiretroviral Stewardship Programs in People Living with HIV/AIDS: A Systematic Review

People living with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS; PLWHA) frequently encounter antiretroviral (ARV) therapy-related problems. Clinical pharmacists with specialized training in ARV stewardship play an important role in managing these problems. However, there is a paucity of evidence to clarify the impact of clinical pharmacists' interventions on managing ARV therapy-related problems in PLWHA. Therefore, we aim to systematically review the literature to determine the nature and impact of pharmacists' interventions on managing medication-related problems in PLWHA. The review protocol was registered on International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; CRD42020173078). Relevant records were identified from six electronic bibliographic databases (PubMed, Embase, EBSCOhost, ProQuest, Scopus, and the Cochrane Central Register) from their inception until September 2022. We included all randomized and nonrandomized interventional studies that were published in English. After the abstract and full-text screening, data were extracted from the selected studies, and the quality of the studies was assessed. The electronic database search and citation tracking identified two thousand and three citations. The review included 21 of these studies, involving 2998 PLWHA, published between 2014 and 2022. Pharmacists' interventions, working alone or in a multi-disciplinary team, comprised ARV medication review, management of adverse drug reactions (ADRs), therapeutic drug monitoring, prevention of drug interactions, and provision of drug information to PLWHA or the health care team. The pharmacist-involved interventions significantly reduced incorrect/incomplete ARV regimens, drug interactions, incorrect dosages, duplicate therapy, polypharmacy, administration errors, missing medication, wrong formulation, ADRs, and prescribing errors. Most studies reported that physicians usually accept more than 90% of the pharmacists' recommendations. ARV medication-related problems remain highly prevalent in PLWHA. Pharmacist-led interventions and stewardship significantly reduce ARV therapy-related problems in PLWHA and are widely accepted by physicians. Dedicated pharmacists with specialized training and credentialing in infectious diseases or HIV/AIDS have a great potential to improve health outcomes in PLWHA.

Construction and validation of educational technology for family members of people with venous ulcers

OBJECTIVE

To build and validate an educational technology in the form of a booklet, aimed at the family members of people with venous ulcers to assist them in their care.

METHODS

A methodological study, which went through the stages of bibliographic survey and situational diagnosis for the construction of the booklet and validation of content, appearance, and adequacy with judges and the target audience. The Content Validity Index, the Suitability Assessment of Materials, and the Concordance Index were used.

RESULTS

In the validation with the content and appearance judges, the booklet showed an excellent overall Content Validity Index (tCVI=0.92). The technical judges evaluated the booklet as "superior" (average of 91%). The booklet underwent adjustments, and validation was performed with the target population, reaching an agreement rate higher than 75%.

CONCLUSION

The educational booklet developed was validated for content and appearance and considered suitable for use by family members of people with venous ulcers.

Validação de livro eletrônico interativo para redução do risco cardiovascular em pessoas vivendo com HIV

Resumo Objetivo Validar um material educativo digital interativo no formato de livro eletrônico sobre prevenção e redução do risco cardiovascular na perspectiva das pessoas vivendo com vírus da imunodeficiência humana. Método Trata-se de um estudo metodológico baseado na teoria de pesquisa de avaliação, do tipo análise de resultados, que envolve produção tecnológica. Os dados foram coletados em todo o Brasil por meio de um questionário virtual composto por itens para avaliação geral, visual, linguagem, usabilidade, conteúdo e aparência do material educativo. Para atestar a validade, adotou-se o Índice de Concordância mínimo de 80%. Resultados Participaram do estudo 309 pessoas vivendo com vírus da imunodeficiência humana, a maioria (84,3%) do sexo masculino, com idade entre 19 e 65 anos e ensino superior completo (29,3%). Mais de 90% dos participantes avaliaram o livro como adequado para tirar dúvidas e realizar cuidados preventivos à saúde cardiovascular. Todos os itens avaliados alcançaram índice acima de 0,80. A avaliação geral de todos os itens alcançou média de 0,92, sendo a avaliação geral (0,97) e o conteúdo (0,94). Conclusão O material educativo mostrou-se válido, adequado e pertinente para promover a alfabetização em saúde, e poderá contribuir com a promoção da saúde e prevenção de doenças cardiovasculares.

Knowledge, attitude and practice of people with HIV regarding a healthy lifestyle: clinical trial

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of an educational booklet on the knowledge, attitude and practice of a healthy lifestyle in people with HIV. Methods: Randomized clinical trial with 75 intervention group patients using the booklet, and 75 control group patients undergoing usual service care. Data collection occurred in four moments, with a Survey pertaining Knowledge, Attitude and Practice. Nonparametric analysis of variance of repeated measures was used. Results: 70 participants in the intervention group and 74 in the control group completed the study. In terms of knowledge, there was no difference between groups, the booklet impact came late, increasing after reassessments. In attitudes, there was a difference between groups in the two- and four-month reassessments compared to the baseline. In practices, there was a difference in the intervention group compared to the control group at two, four, and six months compared to baseline. Conclusion: The booklet was effective in improving healthy lifestyle knowledge, attitudes, and practices in people with HIV.

Construction and validation of an instrument for classifying nipple and areola complex lesions resulting from breastfeeding

OBJECTIVES

to construct and validate a classification of nipple and areola complex lesions resulting from breastfeeding, according to content and appearance.

METHODS

this is a methodological study, developed in four stages: operational definition, instrument construction, content and appearance validation. The Delphi technique and a Likert-type scale were used to validate content and appearance, through the participation of ten and sixteen judges, respectively. For analysis, Content Validity Index and Kappa Coefficient were applied.

RESULTS

Content Validity Index obtained an overall value of 0.93 and, for appearance, 0.94. Kappa values ranged between 0.46 and 1. The high rates of agreement among judges demonstrated the quality of the proposed content validity.

CONCLUSIONS

the Nipple and Areola Complex Lesions Classification Instrument developed obtained acceptable values of its indexes, proving to be valid in terms of content and appearance.