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Micropropagation from Inflorescence Nodal Segments of Phalaenopsis and Acclimatization of Plantlets Using Different Substrates. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8040340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Phalaenopsis is an orchid genus of great economic value in world floriculture. In vitro clonal propagation is the only large-scale feasible method for Phalaenopsis propagation, but it is difficult because of the low multiplication rate. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of types and concentrations of N6-benzyladenine (6-BA) and gibberellic acid (GA3) on the in vitro multiplication of shoots from inflorescence nodal segments (INS) of Phalaenopsis hybrids. INS with one axillary bud were inoculated in New Dogashima Medium with different combinations of BA and GA3. The results show that the treatment containing 1.0 mg L−1 BA and 1.5 mg L−1 GA3 showed the higher percentage of live inflorescence segments (71.48%) and a number of shoots (1.68 shoots/INS). The highest 6-BA concentration (4 mg L−1) tested in this study resulted in the best shoot multiplication rate (4.3). Contamination and browning of the INS tissues were the main difficulties identified for clonal propagation of Phalaenopsis. Successful in vitro rooting occurred on half-strength Murashige and Skoog medium (100%), and acclimatization (100%) was obtained independent of the substrates. However, the best gains in number of roots, leaves, chlorophyll content, and fresh weight of plantlets were achieved using vermiculite.
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Ahmad HM, Wang X, Mahmood-Ur-Rahman, Fiaz S, Azeem F, Shaheen T. Morphological and Physiological Response of Helianthus annuus L. to Drought Stress and Correlation of Wax Contents for Drought Tolerance Traits. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-021-06098-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Bastos SS, Scalon SPQ, Souza APR, Dresch DM, Junglos FS, Scalon LQ, Mussury RM, Freitas VMB. Photosynthetic metabolism and antioxidant in Ormosia arborea are modulated by abscisic acid under water deficit? BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e244331. [PMID: 34076168 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.244331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of abscisic acid (ABA) on gas exchange and the activity of antioxidant enzymes of Ormosia arborea (Vell.) Harms seedlings under water deficit and its influence on the recovery potential of the seedlings. The experiment was conducted using four treatments, being daily irrigation or water restriction without and with 10 μM ABA. Seedlings under water deficit + ABA showed greater adjustment to drought, and when re-irrigated, they restored photosynthetic metabolism and water potential. ABA minimizes the reduction in the photosynthetic metabolism and water potential of the leaf, however, it does not increase the antioxidant activity of the O. arborea seedlings under water deficit. These results suggest that this species exhibits plasticity, which enables it to survive also in environments subjected to temporary water deficit regardless of the supplementation of ABA. We suggest that other doses of ABA be researched to expand the beneficial effect of ABA on this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Bastos
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados - UFGD, Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais - FCBA, Dourados, MS, Brasil
| | - S P Q Scalon
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados - UFGD, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias - FCA, Dourados, MS, Brasil
| | - A P R Souza
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados - UFGD, Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais - FCBA, Dourados, MS, Brasil
| | - D M Dresch
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados - UFGD, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias - FCA, Dourados, MS, Brasil
| | - F S Junglos
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados - UFGD, Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais - FCBA, Dourados, MS, Brasil
| | - L Q Scalon
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados - UFGD, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias - FCA, Dourados, MS, Brasil
| | - R M Mussury
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados - UFGD, Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais - FCBA, Dourados, MS, Brasil
| | - V M B Freitas
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados - UFGD, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias - FCA, Dourados, MS, Brasil
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Chen B, Dong J, Li B, Xue C, Tetteh PA, Li D, Gao K, Deng X. Using a freshwater green alga Chlorella pyrenoidosa to evaluate the biotoxicity of ionic liquids with different cations and anions. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 198:110604. [PMID: 32339924 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
With the extensive use of ionic liquids (ILs) in various industrial fields, their potential toxicity to aquatic ecosystem has attracted considerable attention. In this work, biotoxicity of ILs with different cations and anions was evaluated by using a freshwater green alga Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Results showed that 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C4mim]Cl), 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C8mim]Cl), 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium nitrate ([C8mim]NO3), 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([C8mim]BF4), and 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C12mim]Cl) had a significant inhibition on the algal growth with EC50 values of 23.48, 4.72, 3.80, 4.44, and 0.10 mg L-1 at the 72 h of exposure, respectively. These data suggested that the toxicity of ILs increased with the increase of side alkyl chain length, while anions had little influences on their toxicity to this alga. Moreover, changes in chlorophyll a content and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (Fv/Fm and ΦPSII) indicated that the five ILs could damage the photosynthetic system of this alga resulting in the decrease of photosynthetic efficiency. The increased soluble protein content and antioxidase activity could be considered as an active response mechanism of this alga against the exposure of ILs. Content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in this alga increased significantly when it was exposed to ILs, suggesting that reactive oxygen species (ROS) were accumulated in the algal cells, which would cause injury of the algal biofilm and chloroplast. Therefore, results obtained in this work would help to explain the possible underlying toxic mechanisms of ILs to C. pyrenoidosa, and provide a significant theoretical support for assessing the toxicity of ILs to aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericulture Biology and Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwei Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericulture Biology and Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericulture Biology and Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunye Xue
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericulture Biology and Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, People's Republic of China
| | - Pius Abraham Tetteh
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericulture Biology and Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, People's Republic of China
| | - Da Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericulture Biology and Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericulture Biology and Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyuan Deng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericulture Biology and Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, People's Republic of China.
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Wang X, Miao J, Pan L, Li Y, Lin Y, Wu J. Toxicity effects of p-choroaniline on the growth, photosynthesis, respiration capacity and antioxidant enzyme activities of a diatom, Phaeodactylum tricornutu. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 169:654-661. [PMID: 30496998 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The environmental risk issues of p-choroaniline have been concerned by the widespread application and transportation of this important chemical intermediate. The information about the toxicity of p-chloroaniline was mainly concentrated on freshwater organisms while the current knowledge on marine organisms was scarce yet. In this study, acute toxicity and toxic physiology characteristic of p-chloroaniline to Phaeodactylum tricornutum (P. tricornutum) were first determined. In the acute experiments, the effect of the p-choroaniline to P. tricornutum showed time- and dose-dependent response, which the half maximum effective concentration (EC50) at 24 h, 48 h and 96 h was 35.35, 20.10 and 10.00 mgL-1, respectively. Toxic physiology assays in P. tricornutum indicated that the p-choroaniline induced significant changes of photosynthetic pigments (Chl-a, Chl-b, Caro, Chl-a/b and Chl-(a+b)/Caro), Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (Fv/Fm, ETR, qP and NPQ), rates of photosynthetic O2 release and respiration O2 consumption, and antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT). The obvious decrease of Fv/Fm, ETR and chl-a in low p-choroaniline treatments (≤ 5.00 mgL-1) compared with the control could be observed, which implied that these parameters could be taken as sensitive indicators for the environmental assessment. Meanwhile, the activities of SOD and CAT significant increase in p-choroaniline stress after 24 h and the extent of the increase has fallen after 96 h. These toxicity data obtained here might provide available basic data for the ecological risk assessment of p-choroaniline pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufen Wang
- The key laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shangdong p, China
| | - Jingjing Miao
- The key laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shangdong p, China
| | - Luqing Pan
- The key laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shangdong p, China
| | - Yun Li
- The key laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shangdong p, China.
| | - Yufei Lin
- National Marine Hazard Mitigation Service, State Ocean Administration, People's Republic of China, Beijing 100194, China
| | - Jiangyue Wu
- National Marine Hazard Mitigation Service, State Ocean Administration, People's Republic of China, Beijing 100194, China
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