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Fa Z, Shuaiyi H, Boonmee S, Wen X, Xiaoyan Y. Urea regulates soil nematode population by enhancing the nematode-trapping ability of nematode-trapping fungi. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14296. [PMID: 38906980 PMCID: PMC11192960 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65167-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
As the most abundant animal in the soil, nematodes are directly or indirectly involved in almost all soil ecological processes. Studying soil nematode population regulation is essential to understanding soil ecological processes. This study found urea combines nematode-trapping fungi to regulate the population of soil nematodes. In soil, compared with no urea, adding 0.2 mg/mL urea after applying Arthrobotrys oligospora and Dactylellina ellipsospora reduced the number of nematodes by 34.7% and 31.7%. Further, the mechanism of urea couple nematode-trapping fungi to regulate the nematode population was explored in the medium environment. The results showed that the addition of 0.2 mg/ml urea accelerated the trap formation of A. oligospora and D. ellipsosporas by 50% and 46.5%, and increased the yield of traps of A. oligospora and D. ellipsosporas by 39.5% and 40.6%, thus, the predatory efficiency of A. oligospora and D. ellipsospora on nematodes was increased by 34.2% and 32.7%. In conclusion, urea regulates the predation ability of A. oligospora and D. ellipsosporas to regulate the soil nematode population. This study deepens the understanding of the regulatory pathways of the soil nematodes but also provides a potential new strategy for harmful nematode bio-control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Fa
- Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali, 671003, Yunnan, China
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
| | - Huang Shuaiyi
- Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali, 671003, Yunnan, China
| | - Saranyaphat Boonmee
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
| | - Xiao Wen
- Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali, 671003, Yunnan, China
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan State Education Department On Er'hai Lake Basin Protection and the Sustainable Development Research, Dali University, Dali, 671003, Yunnan, China
- The Provincial Innovation Team of Biodiversity Conservation and Utility of the Three Parallel Rivers From Dali University, Dali University, Dali, 671003, Yunnan, China
- International Centre of Biodiversity and Primates Conservation, Dali University, Dali, 671003, Yunnan, China
| | - Yang Xiaoyan
- Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali, 671003, Yunnan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan State Education Department On Er'hai Lake Basin Protection and the Sustainable Development Research, Dali University, Dali, 671003, Yunnan, China.
- The Provincial Innovation Team of Biodiversity Conservation and Utility of the Three Parallel Rivers From Dali University, Dali University, Dali, 671003, Yunnan, China.
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El-Barkey NM, Nassar MY, El-Khawaga AH, Kamel AS, Baz MM. Efficacy of alumina nanoparticles as a controllable tool for mortality and biochemical parameters of Culex pipiens. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19592. [PMID: 37949900 PMCID: PMC10638367 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46689-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mosquitoes still pose a clear risk to human and animal health. Recently, nanomaterials have been considered one of the cost-effective solutions to this problem. Therefore, alumina nanoparticles (Al) were synthesized using an auto-combustion method, followed by calcination at 600 and 800 °C. Glucose (G) and sucrose (Su) were used as fuels and the combustion was performed at pH 2, 7, and 10. The as-synthesized Al2O3 nanoparticles were characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, and TEM. Alumina nanoparticles prepared using G and Su fuels at pH 7 and 800 °C (Al-G7-800 and Al-Su7-800) have crystallite sizes of 3.9 and 4.05 nm, respectively. While the samples (Al-G7-600 and Al-Su7-600) synthesized at pH 7 and 600 °C were amorphous. The prepared alumina nanoparticles were applied to the larval and pupal stages of Culex pipiens. The results showed that alumina nanoparticles cause higher mortality in the 1st larval instar than in all other larval instars and pupal stages of Culex pipiens after treatment at a high concentration of 200 ppm. Additionally, the larval duration after treatment with LC50 concentrations of alumina (Al-G7-800 and Al-Su7-800) was 31.7 and 23.6 days, respectively, compared to the control (13.3 days). The recorded data found that the content of glutathione-S-transferase, alkaline/acid phosphatase, β/α-esterase, and total protein were altered upon treatment with the LC50 concentration of alumina (Al-G7-800) nanoparticles. Based on these findings, alumina nanoparticles are a promising candidate as a potential weapon to control pests and mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehad M El-Barkey
- Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, 13518, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Y Nassar
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, 13518, Egypt.
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Aya H El-Khawaga
- Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, 13518, Egypt
| | - Aida S Kamel
- Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, 13518, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Baz
- Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, 13518, Egypt
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Khan R, Naz I, Hussain S, Khan RAA, Ullah S, Rashid MU, Siddique I. Phytochemical management of root knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) kofoid and white chitwood by Artemisia spp. in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.). BRAZ J BIOL 2020; 80:829-838. [PMID: 31800766 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.222040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro and screen house experiments were conducted to investigate the effectiveness of thirteen phytochemicals from Artemisia elegantissimia and A. incisa on root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) cv. Rio Grande. A positive control (Carbofuran) and negative control (H2O) were also used for comparison. Effectiveness of phytochemicals against juveniles (J2s) mortality and egg hatch inhibition were evaluated after 24, 48 and 72 hours of incubation at three concentrations viz; 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mg/mL in vitro conditions. Amongst thirteen phytochemicals, Isoscopletin (Coumarin), Carbofuran and Apigenin (Flavonoid) showed the highest mortality and egg hatch inhibition of M. incognita at all intervals. Inhibition of eggs and J2s mortality were the greatest (90.0%) and (96.0%) at 0.3 mg/mL concentration. Application of phytochemicals caused reduction in number of galls, galling index, and egg masses on tomato plant and enhanced plant growth parameters under screen house conditions. Gall numbers (1.50), galling index (1.00), number of juveniles (4.83) and egg masses (4.00) were greatly reduced and plant growth parameters such as; plant height (28.48 cm), fresh (72.13 g) and dry shoot weights (35.99 g), and root fresh (6.58 g) and dry weights (1.43 g) were increased significantly by using Isoscopletin. In structure activity relationship, juveniles of M. incognita, exhibited variations in their shape and postures upon death when exposed to different concentrations of phytochemicals of Artemisia spp. The present study suggests that Artemisia based phytochemicals possess strong nematicidal effects and can be used effectively in an integrated disease management program against root knot nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Khan
- Department of Plant Pathology, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - I Naz
- Department of Plant Pathology, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - S Hussain
- Department of Plant Pathology, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - R A A Khan
- Institute of Vegetable and Flowers, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - S Ullah
- Department of Plant Pathology, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - M U Rashid
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts & Basic Sciences, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Pakistan
| | - I Siddique
- Department of Plant Pathology, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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Ramos MV, Demarco D, da Costa Souza IC, de Freitas CDT. Laticifers, Latex, and Their Role in Plant Defense. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 24:553-567. [PMID: 30979674 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Latex, a sap produced by cells called laticifers, occurs in plants of wide taxonomic diversity. Plants exude latex sap in response to physical damage. Questions about the function of latex or the underlying mechanisms persist, but a role in defense is likely. The presence of constitutive peptidases in latex sap in addition to inducible and de novo synthesized pathogenesis-related proteins (PR-proteins), raises the question about the role that each sap component plays to protect plants and how synergism occurs among sap proteins in the course of herbivory or infection. Here we discuss a variety of functions for laticifer and latex in plant defense. We propose that latex peptidases build the front line of defense against herbivores or pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcio Viana Ramos
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 907, Fortaleza-Ceará, CEP 60451-970, Brazil.
| | - Diego Demarco
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Isabel Cristina da Costa Souza
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 907, Fortaleza-Ceará, CEP 60451-970, Brazil
| | - Cleverson Diniz Teixeira de Freitas
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 907, Fortaleza-Ceará, CEP 60451-970, Brazil
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