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Moreira RMP, Aires CG, Alves-Sobrinho AV, Moraes IDS, Moreira CN, Amaral AVCD, Saturnino KC, Braga ÍA, Pacheco RDC, Ramos DGDS. Gastrointestinal parasites of wild carnivores from conservation institutions in the Cerrado of Goiás, Brazil. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA = BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY : ORGAO OFICIAL DO COLEGIO BRASILEIRO DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2023; 32:e004823. [PMID: 37222392 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612023028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Increased interaction between wild and urban environments owing to human population growth, increased anthropization of biomes, and habitat loss for wild animals increases the spread of infectious and parasitic agents. The present study reports on the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in carnivorous mammals at two conservation institutions in the state of Goiás, Brazil. Fecal samples from 39 adult carnivores were collected after spontaneous defecation and analyzed by flotation and sedimentation. The structure and management data of each institution were recorded. Parasitism prevalence, binomial confidence intervals (CI) at 95%, variables associated with the presence of contact animals, size of the enclosure and type of food were recorded. The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in the samples analyzed was 71.8% (CI 55.1-83.0; 28/39). Ancylostomatidae, Toxocara spp., Toxascaris leonina, Strongyloides spp., Calodium hepaticum, and Trematoda eggs, and Cystoisospora spp. oocysts were detected. Environmental conditions were not correlated with parasitism prevalence; however, the parasites found could be managed, considering their biology, such as controlling synanthropic and domestic animals in captivity, feeding with healthy feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renan Mendes Pires Moreira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biociência Animal, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Jataí - UFJ, Jataí, GO, Brasil
| | - Caroline Genestreti Aires
- Laboratório de Parasitologia e Análises Clínicas Veterinária, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Jataí - UFJ, Jataí, GO, Brasil
| | - Ana Vitória Alves-Sobrinho
- Laboratório de Parasitologia e Análises Clínicas Veterinária, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Jataí - UFJ, Jataí, GO, Brasil
| | - Iago de Sá Moraes
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biociência Animal, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Jataí - UFJ, Jataí, GO, Brasil
| | - Cecília Nunes Moreira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biociência Animal, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Jataí - UFJ, Jataí, GO, Brasil
| | - Andréia Vitor Couto do Amaral
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biociência Animal, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Jataí - UFJ, Jataí, GO, Brasil
| | - Klaus Casaro Saturnino
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biociência Animal, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Jataí - UFJ, Jataí, GO, Brasil
- Laboratório de Anatomia Patológica Veterinária, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Jataí - UFJ, Jataí, GO, Brasil
| | - Ísis Assis Braga
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biociência Animal, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Jataí - UFJ, Jataí, GO, Brasil
- Laboratório de Parasitologia e Análises Clínicas Veterinária, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Jataí - UFJ, Jataí, GO, Brasil
- Unidade Básica das Biociências, Centro Universitário de Mineiros, Mineiros, GO, Brasil
| | - Richard de Campos Pacheco
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso - UFMT, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
| | - Dirceu Guilherme de Souza Ramos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biociência Animal, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Jataí - UFJ, Jataí, GO, Brasil
- Laboratório de Parasitologia e Análises Clínicas Veterinária, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Jataí - UFJ, Jataí, GO, Brasil
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Marins D, Barros L, Bruno S. Frequency of parasitic forms in fecal samples of maned wolf in different seasons of the year at the Serra da Canastra National Park, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-12347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Natalini MB, Notarnicola J, Sanchez Gavier F, Kowalewski MM. Helminth infracommunity in a maned wolf, Chrysocyon brachyurus, from the humid Chaco, Argentina. Parasitol Int 2021; 82:102303. [PMID: 33601021 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2021.102303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Parasitism is an important factor in conservation worldwide, especially for endangered species, as it can affect host populations by reducing growth rates, fecundity and affecting nutritional status. The maned wolf Chrysocyon brachyurus, a near-threatened species, is distributed across different habitats from the south Amazonian forest in Brazil to northern Argentina, Paraguay and eastern Bolivia. Most studies on gastrointestinal parasites in wild maned wolves are based on coprological findings, and there is little information about adult parasites and parasite species richness. Therefore, this study aims to expand the knowledge about the helminth infracommunity of a maned wolf, describe adult parasites, and explore parasitic coinfections. We performed a necropsy of an adult individual found road killed in Chaco province, Argentina. We collected adult worms from subcutaneous tissues, from the right ventricle, kidneys, and intestine. The parasites were morphologically identified as Dirofilaria immitis, Dioctophyma renale and Spirometra sp. respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first record for adults of Dirofilaria immitis in maned wolves. Filarioids were located within the heart as well as in subcutaneous tissues with mature females containing uterine microfilariae; this study also adds C. brachyurus as a new host for Spirometra sp. in Argentina. Considering that the three helminths found herein are zoonotic and that the maned wolf is an endangered canid, it is essential provide baseline information to determine the risk factors involved in the transmission and extend the studies to sympatric wild and domestic canids in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Natalini
- Estación Biológica Corrientes (EBCo), CCT Nordeste CONICET, Nuestra Señora de Lourdes 1200, 3401 San Cayetano, Corrientes, Argentina.
| | - J Notarnicola
- Instituto de Biología Subtropical (IBS), CCT Nordeste CONICET - UNaM, Bertoni 85, 3370 Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina
| | - F Sanchez Gavier
- Estación Biológica Corrientes (EBCo), CCT Nordeste CONICET, Nuestra Señora de Lourdes 1200, 3401 San Cayetano, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - M M Kowalewski
- Estación Biológica Corrientes (EBCo), CCT Nordeste CONICET, Nuestra Señora de Lourdes 1200, 3401 San Cayetano, Corrientes, Argentina
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Dib LV, Palmer JPS, de Souza Carvalho Class C, Pinheiro JL, Ramos RCF, Dos Santos CR, Fonseca ABM, Rodríguez-Castro KG, Gonçalves CF, Galetti PM, Bastos OMP, Uchôa CMA, Corrêa LL, Bastos ACMP, Amendoeira MRR, da Silva Barbosa A. Non-invasive sampling in Itatiaia National Park, Brazil: wild mammal parasite detection. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:295. [PMID: 32807197 PMCID: PMC7430008 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02490-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-invasive sampling through faecal collection is one of the most cost-effective alternatives for monitoring of free-living wild mammals, as it provides information on animal taxonomy as well as the dynamics of the gastrointestinal parasites that potentially infect these animals. In this context, this study aimed to perform an epidemiological survey of gastrointestinal parasites using non-invasive faecal samples from carnivores and artiodactyls identified by stool macroscopy, guard hair morphology and DNA sequencing in Itatiaia National Park. Between 2017 and 2018, faeces from carnivores and artiodactyls were collected along trails in the park. The host species were identified through macroscopic and trichological examinations and molecular biology. To investigate the parasites, the Faust, Lutz and modified Ritchie and Sheather techniques and enzyme immunoassays to detect Cryptosporidium sp. antigens were used. Results A total of 244 stool samples were collected. The species identified were Chrysocyon brachyurus, Leopardus guttulus, Canis familiaris, Cerdocyon thous, Puma yagouaroundi, Leopardus pardalis, Puma concolor and Sus scrofa. There were 81.1% samples that were positive for parasites distributed mainly in the high part of the park. Helminths, especially eggs of the family Ascarididae, were more frequently detected in carnivore faeces (70.9%). Protozoa, especially Cryptosporidium sp., represented the highest frequency of infection in artiodactyl faeces (87.1%). This zoonotic protozoon was detected in eight mammalian species, including in a wild boar. High values of structural richness and Shannon and Simpson diversity indices were observed for the parasites, especially in the faeces of C. brachyurus. Significant differences in parasite diversity were observed between wild and domestic animals, such as C. brachyurus and C. familiaris, respectively, and between taxonomically distant species, such as C. brachyurus and S. scrofa. The highest values for parasite similarity were found among the species that frequented similar areas of the park, such as C. brachyurus and L. guttulus. Conclusions The animals and parasite infections were identified through the combination of three techniques. High frequency parasite structures were diagnosed. Zoonotic protozoa were found and mainly occurred in samples from introduced species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís Verdan Dib
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Laboratory of Parasitology, Federal Fluminense University, Biomedical Institute, Professor Hernani Mello Street, São Domingos, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, 24210-130, Brazil
| | - João Pedro Siqueira Palmer
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Laboratory of Parasitology, Federal Fluminense University, Biomedical Institute, Professor Hernani Mello Street, São Domingos, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, 24210-130, Brazil
| | - Camila de Souza Carvalho Class
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Laboratory of Parasitology, Federal Fluminense University, Biomedical Institute, Professor Hernani Mello Street, São Domingos, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, 24210-130, Brazil
| | - Jessica Lima Pinheiro
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Laboratory of Parasitology, Federal Fluminense University, Biomedical Institute, Professor Hernani Mello Street, São Domingos, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, 24210-130, Brazil
| | - Raissa Cristina Ferreira Ramos
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Laboratory of Parasitology, Federal Fluminense University, Biomedical Institute, Professor Hernani Mello Street, São Domingos, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, 24210-130, Brazil
| | - Claudijane Ramos Dos Santos
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Laboratory of Parasitology, Federal Fluminense University, Biomedical Institute, Professor Hernani Mello Street, São Domingos, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, 24210-130, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Monteiro Fonseca
- Statistics Laboratory, Mathematics and Statistics Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Rua Professor Marcos Waldemar de Freitas Reis s/n, bloco G, Gragoatá campus, Niterói, RJ, 24210-201, Brazil
| | - Karen Gisele Rodríguez-Castro
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Laboratory of Molecular Biodiversity and Conservation, Federal University of São Carlos, Washington Luis highway, km 235, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Camila Francisco Gonçalves
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Laboratory of Molecular Biodiversity and Conservation, Federal University of São Carlos, Washington Luis highway, km 235, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Pedro Manoel Galetti
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Laboratory of Molecular Biodiversity and Conservation, Federal University of São Carlos, Washington Luis highway, km 235, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Otilio Machado Pereira Bastos
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Laboratory of Parasitology, Federal Fluminense University, Biomedical Institute, Professor Hernani Mello Street, São Domingos, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, 24210-130, Brazil
| | - Claudia Maria Antunes Uchôa
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Laboratory of Parasitology, Federal Fluminense University, Biomedical Institute, Professor Hernani Mello Street, São Domingos, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, 24210-130, Brazil
| | - Laís Lisboa Corrêa
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Laboratory of Parasitology, Federal Fluminense University, Biomedical Institute, Professor Hernani Mello Street, São Domingos, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, 24210-130, Brazil
| | - Augusto Cezar Machado Pereira Bastos
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Laboratory of Parasitology, Federal Fluminense University, Biomedical Institute, Professor Hernani Mello Street, São Domingos, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, 24210-130, Brazil
| | - Maria Regina Reis Amendoeira
- Laboratory of Toxoplasmosis and Other Protozoan Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Avenue Brazil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Alynne da Silva Barbosa
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Laboratory of Parasitology, Federal Fluminense University, Biomedical Institute, Professor Hernani Mello Street, São Domingos, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, 24210-130, Brazil. .,Laboratory of Toxoplasmosis and Other Protozoan Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Avenue Brazil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil.
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Unravelling the drivers of maned wolf activity along an elevational gradient in the Atlantic Forest, south-eastern Brazil. Mamm Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42991-020-00017-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Natalini B, Gennuso S, Beldomenico PM, Rigonatto T, Kowalewski MM. Parasitologic examination and associated risk factors of domestic dogs at the domestic-wildlife interface in the Iberá wetlands Ecoregion, Argentina. VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY- REGIONAL STUDIES AND REPORTS 2020; 20:100378. [PMID: 32448541 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2020.100378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The wildlife-domestic interface represents points of contact between wild animals and human-associated domestic animals, and provides opportunities for the dissemination and transmission of parasitic agents. Domestic dogs are reservoirs of parasitic agents, many of which are capable of infecting wild animals. To better investigate this potential risk at the Iberá wetlands eco-region, fecal samples from dogs present at the wildlife-domestic interface of two protected areas in Corrientes province, Argentina were examined. The prevalence of intestinal parasites and overall generic richness were examined and associations with age, sex, body condition, anthelmintic treatments and dog movement restriction were explored. From August-September 2017, questionnaires were carried out and fecal samples collected from 51 dogs at the interface zones. The overall estimated prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites was 63%. Nine genera of helminths and four protozoans were found in the examined dogs, many of which are known to infect wild carnivores and several have zoonotic potential. Ancylostoma and Isospora were the most prevalent genera. Freedom to roam was positively associated with prevalence and richness. From all dogs in our study, only a small proportion (17%) is subjected to some degree of movement restriction, while most dogs were free roaming. Veterinary health care and treatment was also extremely limited. The findings of this study revealed conditions of high prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites, lack of veterinary care and unrestricted roaming; all circumstances that suggest that dogs that live at these interface zones pose an infection risk to sympatric wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belen Natalini
- Estación Biológica Corrientes - Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales (MACN) - CONICET, Ruta Pvcial. 8 s/n., 3401 San Cayetano, Corrientes, Argentina.
| | - Sol Gennuso
- Estación Biológica Corrientes - Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales (MACN) - CONICET, Ruta Pvcial. 8 s/n., 3401 San Cayetano, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Pablo M Beldomenico
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Enfermedades, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICIVET Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UNL-CONICET). RP Kreder 2805, 3080 Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Teresita Rigonatto
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Sargento Cabral 2100, 3400, Corrientes Capital, Argentina
| | - Martin M Kowalewski
- Estación Biológica Corrientes - Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales (MACN) - CONICET, Ruta Pvcial. 8 s/n., 3401 San Cayetano, Corrientes, Argentina
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Vizcaychipi KA, Rinas M, Irazu L, Miyagi A, Argüelles CF, DeMatteo KE. Neotropical Zoonotic Parasites in Bush Dogs (Speothos venaticus) from Upper Paraná Atlantic Forests in Misiones, Argentina. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2016; 16:664-72. [PMID: 27603553 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2015.1929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Wildlife remains an important source of zoonotic diseases for the most vulnerable groups of humans, primarily those living in rural areas or coexisting with forest. The Upper Paraná Atlantic forest of Misiones, Argentina is facing ongoing environmental and anthropogenic changes, which affect the local biodiversity, including the bush dog (Speothos venaticus), a small canid considered Near Threatened globally and Endangered locally. This project aimed to expand the knowledge of zoonotic parasites present in the bush dog and the potential implications for human health and conservation medicine. From May to August 2011, a detection dog located 34 scats that were genetically confirmed as bush dog and georeferenced to northern Misiones. Of these 34 scats, 27 had sufficient quantity that allowed processing for zoonotic parasites using morphological (sedimentation and flotation) and antigen (coproantigen technique) analyses. Within these 27 scats, we determined that the parasitic prevalence was 63.0% (n = 17) with 8 (47.1%) having mixed infections with 2-4 parasitic genera. No significant differences (p > 0.05) between sampling areas, sex, and parasite taxa were found. We were able to summarize the predominant nematodes (Ancylostoma caninum, Toxocara canis, and Lagochilascaris spp.), cestodes (Taenia spp. and Spirometra spp.), and apicomplexa (Cystoisospora caninum) found in these bush dogs. With the copro-ELISA technique, 14.8% (n = 4) of the samples were positive for Echinococcus spp. This study represents the first comprehensive study about parasitic fauna with zoonotic potential in the free-ranging bush dog. This information combined with the innovative set of techniques used to collect the samples constitute a valuable contribution that can be used in control programs, surveillance of zoonotic diseases, and wildlife conservation, both regionally and across the bush dog's broad distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherina A Vizcaychipi
- 1 Servicio Inmunología Parasitaria , Dpto. de Parasitología INEI- ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G Malbrán," Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Miguel Rinas
- 2 Ministerio de Ecología y Recursos Naturales Renovables , Misiones, Argentina
| | - Lucia Irazu
- 1 Servicio Inmunología Parasitaria , Dpto. de Parasitología INEI- ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G Malbrán," Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adriana Miyagi
- 3 UOCCB ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G Malbrán," Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Karen E DeMatteo
- 5 Department of Biology, Washington University , St. Louis, Missouri.,6 Saint Louis Zoo WildCare Institute , St. Louis, Missouri
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