1
|
Fu Q, Yang J, Zhang K, Yin K, Xiang G, Yin X, Liu G, Xu Y. Plasmopara viticola effector PvCRN11 induces disease resistance to downy mildew in grapevine. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:873-891. [PMID: 37950600 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The downy mildew of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is caused by Plasmopara viticola and is a major production problem in most grape-growing regions. The vast majority of effectors act as virulence factors and sabotage plant immunity. Here, we describe in detail one of the putative P. viticola Crinkler (CRN) effector genes, PvCRN11, which is highly transcribed during the infection stages in the downy mildew-susceptible grapevine V. vinifera cv. 'Pinot Noir' and V. vinifera cv. 'Thompson Seedless'. Cell death-inducing activity analyses reveal that PvCRN11 was able to induce spot cell death in the leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana but did not induce cell death in the leaves of the downy mildew-resistant V. riparia accession 'Beaumont' or of the downy mildew-susceptible 'Thompson Seedless'. Unexpectedly, stable expression of PvCRN11 inhibited the colonization of P. viticola in grapevine and Phytophthora capsici in Arabidopsis. Both transgenic grapevine and Arabidopsis constitutively expressing PvCRN11 promoted plant immunity. PvCRN11 is localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm, whereas PvCRN11-induced plant immunity is nucleus-independent. The purified protein PvCRN11Opt initiated significant plant immunity extracellularly, leading to enhanced accumulations of reactive oxygen species, activation of MAPK and up-regulation of the defense-related genes PR1 and PR2. Furthermore, PvCRN11Opt induces BAK1-dependent immunity in the apoplast, whereas PvCRN11 overexpression in intracellular induces BAK1-independent immunity. In conclusion, the PvCRN11 protein triggers resistance against P. viticola in grapevine, suggesting a potential for the use of PvCRN11 in grape production as a protectant against downy mildew.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Kangzhuang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Kaixin Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Gaoqing Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Guotian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Yan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Saeed S, Ullah A, Ullah S, Elshikh MS, Noor J, Eldin SM, Zeng F, Amin F, Ali MA, Ali I. Salicylic Acid and α-Tocopherol Ameliorate Salinity Impact on Wheat. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:26122-26135. [PMID: 37521660 PMCID: PMC10373184 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Background: Soil salinity negatively impacts agricultural productivity. Consequently, strategies should be developed to inculcate a salinity tolerance in crops for sustainable food production. Growth regulators play a vital role in regulating salinity stress tolerance. Methods: Thus, we examined the effect of exogenous salicylic acid (SA) and alpha-tocopherol (TP) (100 mg/L) on the morphophysio-biochemical responses of two wheat cultivars (Pirsabak-15 and Shankar) to salinity stress (0 and 40 mM). Results: Both Pirsabak-15 and Shankar cultivars were negatively affected by salinity stress. For instance, salinity reduced growth attributes (i.e., leaf fresh and dry weight, leaf moisture content, leaf area ratio, shoot and root dry weight, shoot and root length, as well as root-shoot ratio), pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll a, and carotenoids) but increased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), and endogenous TP in both cultivars. Among the antioxidant enzymes, salinity enhanced the activity of peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in Pirsabak-15; glutathione reductase (GR) and PPO in Shankar, while ascorbate peroxidase (APOX) was present in both cultivars. SA and TP could improve the salinity tolerance by improving growth and photosynthetic pigments and reducing MDA and H2O2. In general, the exogenous application did not have a positive effect on antioxidant enzymes; however, it increased PPO in Pirsabak-15 and SOD in the Shankar cultivar. Conclusions: Consequently, we suggest that SA and TP could have enhanced the salinity tolerance of our selected wheat cultivars by modulating their physiological mechanisms in a manner that resulted in improved growth. Future molecular studies can contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms by which SA and TP regulate the selected wheat cultivars underlying salinity tolerance mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saleha Saeed
- Department
of Botany, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Abd Ullah
- Xinjiang
Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Root Ecology and Vegetation Restoration,
Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- Cele
National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland
Ecosystems, Cele 848300, China
| | - Sami Ullah
- Department
of Botany, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Mohamed S Elshikh
- Department
of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Javaria Noor
- Department
of Botany, Islamia College Peshawar, Peshawar, KP 19650, Pakistan
| | - Sayed M. Eldin
- Center
of
Research, Faculty of Engineering, Future
University in Egypt, New Cairo 18939, Egypt
| | - Fanjiang Zeng
- Xinjiang
Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Root Ecology and Vegetation Restoration,
Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- Cele
National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland
Ecosystems, Cele 848300, China
| | - Fazal Amin
- Department
of Botany, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Ajmal Ali
- Department
of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iftikhar Ali
- Center
for Plant Sciences and Biodiversity, University
of Swat, Charbagh 19120, Pakistan
- Department
of Genetics and Development, Columbia University
Irving Medical Center, New York,New York 10032, United States
- School
of Life Sciences & Center of Novel Biomaterials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Purwantoro A, Irsyadi MB, Sawitri WD, Fatumi NC, Fajrina SN. Efficient floral dip transformation method using Agrobacterium tumefaciens on Cosmos sulphureus Cav. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103702. [PMID: 37485451 PMCID: PMC10362457 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Yellow cosmos (Cosmos sulphureus Cav.) is a specific flowering plant and considered a suitable genetic engineering model. Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation is commonly used for plant genetic engineering. Floral dip transformation is one of the plant genetic transformation methods, and it involves dipping flower buds into an Agrobacterium suspension. Studies on floral dip transformation of yellow cosmos have never been reported. Therefore, an efficient method in plant genetic engineering must be established. This study developed an effective and efficient floral dip transformation method for yellow cosmos. In this study, flower buds with sizes of 5-7 mm were used. Several parameters have been observed to optimize the floral dip method. These parameters included the optical density (OD600) of Agrobacterium culture, concentration of surfactant, and duration of flower bud dipping into the Agrobacterium suspension. The results showed that the floral dip method was most efficient when the flower buds were dipped into Agrobacterium suspension with OD600 = 0.8 and containing 5% sucrose and 0.1% Silwet L-77 for 30 s. This method enhanced the transformation efficiency at a rate of 12.78 ± 1.53%. The neomycin phosphotransferase II and green fluorescent protein genes with sizes of 550 and 736 bp, respectively, were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. In addition, the transgenic plants were kanamycin resistant and fluorescent under ultraviolet light observation. This finding suggests that the proposed floral dip transformation provides new insights into efficient plant genetic engineering methods for yellow cosmos.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Purwantoro
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Rd. Flora, Bulaksumur, Sleman 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Study Program of Master in Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Rd. Flora, Bulaksumur, Sleman 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Burhanuddin Irsyadi
- Study Program of Master in Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Rd. Flora, Bulaksumur, Sleman 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Widhi Dyah Sawitri
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Rd. Flora, Bulaksumur, Sleman 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Study Program of Master in Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Rd. Flora, Bulaksumur, Sleman 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Nor Chamidah Fatumi
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Rd. Flora, Bulaksumur, Sleman 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Shania Nur Fajrina
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Rd. Flora, Bulaksumur, Sleman 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sumbal S, Ali A, Nasser Binjawhar D, Ullah Z, Eldin SM, Iqbal R, Sher H, Ali I. Comparative Effects of Hydropriming and Iron Priming on Germination and Seedling Morphophysiological Attributes of Stay-Green Wheat. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:23078-23088. [PMID: 37396271 PMCID: PMC10308549 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Seed priming is considered to play an essential role in the overall improvement of agricultural crops. The current research work was carried out in order to investigate the comparative effects of hydropriming and iron priming on the germination behavior and morphophysiological attributes of wheat seedlings. The experimental materials consisted of three wheat genotypes including a synthetically derived wheat line (SD-194), stay-green wheat genotype (Chirya-7), and conventional wheat variety (Chakwal-50). The treatments included hydro (distilled and tap water)- and iron priming (10 and 50 mM) of wheat seeds for 12 h duration. Results indicated that both priming treatment and wheat genotypes exhibited highly different germination and seedling characteristics. These included germination percentage, root volume, root surface, root length, relative water content, chlorophyll content, membrane stability index, and chlorophyll fluorescence attributes. Furthermore, the synthetically derived line (SD-194) was the most promising in majority of the studied attributes by exhibiting a high germination index (2.21%), root fresh weight (7.76%), shoot dry weight (3.36%), relative water content (19.9%), chlorophyll content (7.58%), and photochemical quenching coefficient (2.58%) when compared with stay-green wheat (Chirya-7). The study also found that hydropriming with tap water and priming wheat seeds with low concentrations of iron yielded better results when a comparison was made with wheat seeds primed at high concentrations of iron. Therefore, wheat seed priming with tap water and iron solution for 12 h is recommended for optimum wheat improvement. Furthermore, current findings suggest that seed priming may have the prospect of an innovative and user-friendly approach for wheat biofortification with the aim of enhanced iron acquisition and accumulation in grains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumbal Sumbal
- Center
for Plant Sciences and Biodiversity, University
of Swat, Charbagh 19120, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Ali
- Center
for Plant Sciences and Biodiversity, University
of Swat, Charbagh 19120, Pakistan
| | - Dalal Nasser Binjawhar
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess
Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zahid Ullah
- Center
for Plant Sciences and Biodiversity, University
of Swat, Charbagh 19120, Pakistan
| | - Sayed M. Eldin
- Center
of Research, Faculty of Engineering, Future
University in Egypt, New Cairo 18939, Egypt
| | - Rashid Iqbal
- Department
of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Hassan Sher
- Center
for Plant Sciences and Biodiversity, University
of Swat, Charbagh 19120, Pakistan
| | - Iftikhar Ali
- Center
for Plant Sciences and Biodiversity, University
of Swat, Charbagh 19120, Pakistan
- Department
of Genetics and Development, Columbia University
Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States
- School of
Life Sciences & Center of Novel Biomaterials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ali I, Anwar S, Ali A, Ullah Z, Binjawhar DN, Sher H, Abdel-Hameed UK, Khan MA, Majeed K, Jaremko M. Biochemical and phenological characterization of diverse wheats and their association with drought tolerance genes. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:326. [PMID: 37331960 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04278-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Drought is one of the most important wheat production limiting factor, and can lead to severe yield losses. This study was designed to examine the effect of drought stress on wheat physiology and morphology under three different field capacities (FC) viz. 80% (control), 50% (moderate) and 30% (severe drought stress) in a diverse collection of wheat germplasm including cultivars, landraces, synthetic hexaploid and their derivatives. Traits like grain weight, thousand grain weight and biomass were reduced by 38.23%, 18.91% and 26.47% respectively at 30% FC, whereas the reduction rate for these traits at 50% FC were 19.57%, 8.88% and 18.68%. In principal component analysis (PCA), the first two components PC1 and PC2 accounted for 58.63% of the total variation and separated the cultivars and landraces from synthetic-based germplasm. Landraces showed wide range of phenotypic variations at 30% FC compared to synthetic-based germplasm and improved cultivars. However, least reduction in grain weight was observed in improved cultivars which indicated the progress in developing drought resilient cultivars. Allelic variations of the drought-related genes including TaSnRK2.9-5A, TaLTPs-11, TaLTPs-12, TaSAP-7B-, TaPPH-13, Dreb-B1 and 1fehw3 were significantly associated with the phenological traits under drought stress in all 91 wheats including 40 landraces, 9 varieties, 34 synthetic hexaploids and 8 synthetic derivatives. The favorable haplotypes of 1fehw3, Dreb-B1, TaLTPs-11 and TaLTPs-12 increased grain weight, and biomass. Our results iterated the fact that landraces could be promising source to deploy drought adaptability in wheat breeding. The study further identified drought tolerant wheat genetic resources across various backgrounds and identified favourable haplotypes of water-saving genes which should be considered to develop drought tolerant varieties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iftikhar Ali
- Center for Plant Science and Biodiversity, University of Swat, Charbagh Swat, 19120, Pakistan.
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- School of Life Sciences & Center of Novel Biomaterials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong.
| | - Saeed Anwar
- Center for Plant Science and Biodiversity, University of Swat, Charbagh Swat, 19120, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Ali
- Center for Plant Science and Biodiversity, University of Swat, Charbagh Swat, 19120, Pakistan.
| | - Zahid Ullah
- Center for Plant Science and Biodiversity, University of Swat, Charbagh Swat, 19120, Pakistan
| | - Dalal Nasser Binjawhar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hassan Sher
- Center for Plant Science and Biodiversity, University of Swat, Charbagh Swat, 19120, Pakistan
| | - Usama K Abdel-Hameed
- Biology Department, College of Science, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, 42353, Saudi Arabia
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | | | - Khawar Majeed
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Smart-Health Initiative (SHI) and Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 329555-6900, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ilyas M, Ali I, Nasser Binjawhar D, Ullah S, Eldin SM, Ali B, Iqbal R, Bokhari SHA, Mahmood T. Molecular Characterization of Germin-like Protein Genes in Zea mays ( ZmGLPs) Using Various In Silico Approaches. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:16327-16344. [PMID: 37179620 PMCID: PMC10173433 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Germin (GER) and germin-like proteins (GLPs) play an important role in various plant processes. Zea mays contains 26 germin-like protein genes (ZmGLPs) located on chromosomes 2, 4, and 10; most of which are functionally unexplored. The present study aimed to characterize all ZmGLPs using the latest computational tools. All of them were studied at a physicochemical, subcellular, structural, and functional level, and their expression was predicted in plant development, against biotic and abiotic stresses using various in silico approaches. Overall, ZmGLPs showed greater similarity in their physicochemical properties, domain architecture, and structure, mostly localized in the cytoplasmic or extracellular regions. Phylogenetically, they have a narrow genetic background with a recent history of gene duplication events on chromosome 4. Functional analysis revealed novel enzymatic activities of phosphoglycolate phosphatase, adenosylhomocysteinase, phosphoglycolate phosphatase-like, osmotin/thaumatin-like, and acetohydroxy acid isomeroreductase largely mediated by disulfide bonding. Expression analysis revealed their crucial role in the root, root tips, crown root, elongation and maturation zones, radicle, and cortex with the highest expression being observed during germination and at the maturity levels. Further, ZmGLPs showed strong expression against biotic (Aspergillus flavus, Colletotrichum graminicola, Cercospora zeina, Fusarium verticillioides, and Fusarium virguliforme) while limited expression was noted against abiotic stresses. Concisely, our results provide a platform for additional functional exploration of the ZmGLP genes against various environmental stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ilyas
- Department
of Botany, Kohsar University Murree, Murree 19679, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Iftikhar Ali
- Centre
for Plant Science and Biodiversity, University
of Swat, Charbagh 19120, Pakistan
- Department
of Genetics and Development, Columbia University
Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Dalal Nasser Binjawhar
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess
Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami Ullah
- Department
of Forestry & Range Management, Kohsar
University Murree, Murree 19679, Pakistan
| | - Sayed M Eldin
- Center
of
Research, Faculty of Engineering, Future
University in Egypt, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Baber Ali
- Department
of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Rashid Iqbal
- Department
of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Syed Habib Ali Bokhari
- Department
of Biosciences, CUI, Islamabad, Pakistan; Faculty of Biomedical and
Life Sciences, Kohsar University Murree, Murree 19679, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Mahmood
- Department
of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Khan A, Ali A, Ullah Z, Ali I, Kaushik P, Alyemeni MN, Rasheed A, Sher H. Exploiting the drought tolerance of wild Elymus species for bread wheat improvement. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:982844. [PMID: 36275557 PMCID: PMC9583530 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.982844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Crop wild resources are excellent sources of new genetic variation for resilience against climate extremes. However, detailed characterization of the desirable phenotypes is essential before using these crop wild resources in breeding programs. This current study was, therefore, conducted to investigate the water stress responses of eight wild Elymus species and two wheat cultivars. The experiment was carried out under varying levels of osmotic stress induced by polyethylene glycol and progressive water stress through different field capacities. Water stress significantly reduced both physiological and biochemical traits compared to control, ranging from 7.1% (protein content) to 34.5% (chlorophyll) under moderate stress and 9.1-45.8% under severe stress. The anatomical features were also affected under progressive water stress, including a reduction in xylem vessel diameter (7.92 and 16.50%), phloem length (4.36 and 7.18%), vascular bundle length (3.09 and 6.04%), and ground tissue thickness (2.36 and 5.52%), respectively. Conclusively, Elymus borianus (endemic to Swat, Pakistan), E. russelli, E. caninus, E. longioristatus, and E. dauhuricus outperformed the check wheat cultivar, Pirsabak 2005, which is a rainfed variety. The results revealed that Elymus species belonging to the tertiary gene pool of bread wheat could be an excellent drought tolerance source for use in a breeding program.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajab Khan
- Center for Plant Sciences and Biodiversity, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Ali
- Center for Plant Sciences and Biodiversity, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan
| | - Zahid Ullah
- Center for Plant Sciences and Biodiversity, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan
| | - Iftikhar Ali
- Center for Plant Sciences and Biodiversity, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Prashant Kaushik
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Awais Rasheed
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hassan Sher
- Center for Plant Sciences and Biodiversity, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jianing G, Yuhong G, Yijun G, Rasheed A, Qian Z, Zhiming X, Mahmood A, Shuheng Z, Zhuo Z, Zhuo Z, Xiaoxue W, Jian W. Improvement of heat stress tolerance in soybean ( Glycine max L), by using conventional and molecular tools. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:993189. [PMID: 36226280 PMCID: PMC9549248 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.993189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The soybean is a significant legume crop, providing several vital dietary components. Extreme heat stress negatively affects soybean yield and quality, especially at the germination stage. Continuous change in climatic conditions is threatening the global food supply and food security. Therefore, it is a critical need of time to develop heat-tolerant soybean genotypes. Different molecular techniques have been developed to improve heat stress tolerance in soybean, but until now complete genetic mechanism of soybean is not fully understood. Various molecular methods, like quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping, genetic engineering, transcription factors (TFs), transcriptome, and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), are employed to incorporate heat tolerance in soybean under the extreme conditions of heat stress. These molecular techniques have significantly improved heat stress tolerance in soybean. Besides this, we can also use specific classical breeding approaches and different hormones to reduce the harmful consequences of heat waves on soybean. In future, integrated use of these molecular tools would bring significant results in developing heat tolerance in soybean. In the current review, we have presented a detailed overview of the improvement of heat tolerance in soybean and highlighted future prospective. Further studies are required to investigate different genetic factors governing the heat stress response in soybean. This information would be helpful for future studies focusing on improving heat tolerance in soybean.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guan Jianing
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Gai Yuhong
- College of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Guan Yijun
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Adnan Rasheed
- College of Life Sciences, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhao Qian
- College of Life Sciences, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Xie Zhiming
- College of Life Sciences, Baicheng Normal University, Baicheng, China
| | - Athar Mahmood
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zhang Shuheng
- College of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhang Zhuo
- College of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhao Zhuo
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Wang Xiaoxue
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Jian
- College of Life Sciences, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|