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Bisneto PF, Frazão L, Ceron K, Sachett J, Monteiro WM, Kaefer IL, Guedes TB. The challenge in detecting risk areas of snakebite when case rates are low: the case of Amazonian coral snakes. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2023; 95:e20230565. [PMID: 38088733 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202320230565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying risk areas for envenomation by animals is relevant for public health, such as strategic distribution of antivenoms. Coral snakes are highly diverse in the Amazon, inhabit natural and human-modified environments, and the outcome of the cases tends to be serious and potentially lethal due to their neurotoxic venom. By integrating species' geographical records and environmental variables, we used species distribution modeling to predict the distribution of coral snake species in the Brazilian Amazonia. We analyzed the relationship between the predicted distribution of coral snake species, along with envenomation data in the region, to propose actions to reduce the number of cases and to provide tools for a better policy of public health. We conclude that the entire Amazon shows high environmental suitability for coral snakes, and such suitability explains little about the incidence of cases. This is probably due to the low human density in the Amazon and to coral snake traits such as secretive habits and non-agressive behavior. Differently from other venomous snakes, the scenario regarding coral snakebites precludes the detection of prominent geographical areas of concern and demands a broad and equitable availability of health centers throughout Amazonia and along other areas of occurrence of the genus Micrurus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Ferreira Bisneto
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Avenida General Rodrigo Otávio, Coroado I, 69067-005 Manaus, AM, Brazil
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado, Av. Pedro Teixeira, s/n, Dom Pedro, 69040-000 Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Luciana Frazão
- University of Coimbra, Centre for Functional Ecology - Science for People & the Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Paço das Escolas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Karoline Ceron
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz - Barão Geraldo, 13083-872 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Sachett
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado, Av. Pedro Teixeira, s/n, Dom Pedro, 69040-000 Manaus, AM, Brazil
- Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde, Av. Carvalho Leal, 1777, Cachoeirinha, 69065-001 Manaus, AM, Brazil
- Fundação Alfredo da Matta, Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Av. Codajás, 24, Cachoeirinha, 69065-130 Manaus, AM, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Av. Pedro Teixeira, s/n, Dom Pedro, 69040-000 Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Wuelton Marcelo Monteiro
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado, Av. Pedro Teixeira, s/n, Dom Pedro, 69040-000 Manaus, AM, Brazil
- Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde, Av. Carvalho Leal, 1777, Cachoeirinha, 69065-001 Manaus, AM, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Av. Pedro Teixeira, s/n, Dom Pedro, 69040-000 Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Igor Luis Kaefer
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Avenida General Rodrigo Otávio, Coroado I, 69067-005 Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Thaís B Guedes
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Bloco P1, Cidade Universitária, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
- University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Center and Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Box 461, SE-405-30, Göteborg, Sweden
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Syafiq MF, Badli-Sham BH, Grismer LL, Ahmad AB. Uneven species occurrence and richness of lowland snakes (Serpentes, Squamata) in Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia, with new locality records. Zookeys 2023; 1168:11-39. [PMID: 38328625 PMCID: PMC10848808 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1168.95833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
This study documents information on the composition, diversity, richness, and temporal occurrence of snakes at Sekayu's lowland forest (SLF), Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia for the first time. The snakes recorded within the SLF were sampled opportunistically from 2013 to 2019, employing the Visual Encounter Survey method (VES) and L-shape pitfall traps with drift fences. Forty-six snake species from 37 genera belonging to the nine families were recorded, of which 11 were new records to Terengganu. Individual-based rarefaction and extrapolation curves were not reaching asymptote, indicating that additional species can be recorded at the study area. Non-parametric species richness estimators estimated and produced a range between 51 and 57 species. ACE was the best estimator based on the quantitative evaluation. All species showed some variations of occurrence patterns across months. Fourteen species were only encountered once across the sampling years, and interestingly 11 of them were only detected during the rainy season (late October to January). In general, the number of species richness, abundance, and rare species were high during this season. Species richness of snakes is high at SLF but sampling effort should be intensified, especially during these rainy months, to obtain a robust estimated snake species richness in SLF. Terengganu harbor considerably high species richness of snakes with a total of 71 species to date (excluding marine snakes), but snake diversity is still underestimated as only a few localities were surveyed in the past years, primarily at the northern part. Future surveys should be commenced at the central and southern parts of Terengganu to complement the current investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhamad Fatihah Syafiq
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Baizul Hafsyam Badli-Sham
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Larry Lee Grismer
- Herpetology Laboratory, Department of Biology, La Sierra University, Riverwalk Parkway, Riverside, California 92505, USA
| | - Amirrudin B. Ahmad
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
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Núñez K, Zárate-Betzel G, Ortiz F, Mendoza M, Vera M, Weiler A, Duré M. Diversidad alfa, beta y gamma de ensambles de los anuros y reptiles de humedales del Ypoá, Paraguay. NEOTROPICAL BIODIVERSITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/23766808.2022.2040277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Karina Núñez
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biología, Colección Zoológica, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - Griselda Zárate-Betzel
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biología, Colección Zoológica, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - Fátima Ortiz
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biología, Colección Zoológica, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - Medes Mendoza
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biología, Colección Zoológica, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - María Vera
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biología, Colección Zoológica, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - Andrea Weiler
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biología, Colección Zoológica, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - Marta Duré
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura (FACENA-UNNE), Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CECOAL, CONICET-UNNE), Corrientes, Argentina
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Bernarde PS, Pucca MB, Mota-da-Silva A, da Fonseca WL, de Almeida MRN, de Oliveira IS, Cerni FA, Gobbi Grazziotin F, Sartim MA, Sachett J, Wen FH, Moura-da-Silva AM, Monteiro WM. Bothrops bilineatus: An Arboreal Pitviper in the Amazon and Atlantic Forest. Front Immunol 2021; 12:778302. [PMID: 34975866 PMCID: PMC8714932 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.778302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The two-striped forest-pitviper (Bothrops bilineatus) is an arboreal snake that is currently represented by two subspecies (B. b. bilineatus and B. b. smaragdinus) that comprise a species complex, and its distribution is in the Amazon and the Atlantic Forest. The rarity of encounters with this snake is reflected in the low occurrence of cases of snakebites throughout its geographic distribution and the resulting low number of published clinical reports. However, in some areas, B. bilineatus proves to be more frequent and causes envenomations in a greater proportion. Herein, we review the main aspects of the species complex B. bilineatus, including its biology, ecology, taxonomy, morphology, genetic and molecular studies, geographic distribution, conservation status, venom, pathophysiology and clinical aspects, and epidemiology. In addition, the different antivenoms available for the treatment of envenomations caused by B. bilineatus are presented along with suggestions for future studies that are needed for a better understanding of the snakebites caused by this snake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Sérgio Bernarde
- Laboratório de Herpetologia, Universidade Federal do Acre, Cruzeiro do Sul, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Paulo Sérgio Bernarde, ; Wuelton M. Monteiro,
| | - Manuela Berto Pucca
- Curso de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Roraima, Boa Vista, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Roraima, Boa Vista, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Isadora Sousa de Oliveira
- Departamento de Ciências Biomoleculares, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Felipe Augusto Cerni
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Roraima, Boa Vista, Brazil
| | | | - Marco A. Sartim
- Departamento de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Departamento de Pós-Graduação, Universidade Nilton Lins, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Sachett
- Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Departamento de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Alfredo da Matta, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Fan Hui Wen
- Núcleo Estratégico de Venenos e Antivenenos, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Moura-da-Silva
- Departamento de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wuelton M. Monteiro
- Departamento de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
- Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Paulo Sérgio Bernarde, ; Wuelton M. Monteiro,
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Cristino JS, Salazar GM, Machado VA, Honorato E, Farias AS, Vissoci JRN, Silva Neto AV, Lacerda M, Wen FH, Monteiro WM, Sachett JAG. A painful journey to antivenom: The therapeutic itinerary of snakebite patients in the Brazilian Amazon (The QUALISnake Study). PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009245. [PMID: 33661895 PMCID: PMC7963098 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Access to antivenoms is not guarranteed for vulnerable populations that inhabit remote areas in the Amazon. The study of therapeutic itineraries (TI) for treatment of snakebites would support strategies to provide timely access to users. A TI is the set of processes by which individuals adhere to certain forms of treatment, and includes the path traveled in the search for healthcare, and practices to solve their health problems. This study aims to describe TIs of snakebite patients in the Brazilian Amazon. This study was carried out at the Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado, in Manaus, state of Amazonas, Brazil. The itinerary from the moment of the bite to the patient's admission to the reference unit was analyzed. Sample size was defined by saturation. After an exploratory survey to collect epidemiological variables, in-depth interviews were conducted following a semi-structured guide. Patients originated from rural areas of 11 different municipalities, including ones located >500 kilometers from Manaus. A great fragmentation was observed in the itineraries, marked by several changes of means of transport along the route. Four themes emerged from the analysis: exposure to snakebite during day-to-day activities, use of traditional therapeutic practices, and personal perception of the severity, as well as the route taken and its contingencies. Access to healthcare requires considerable effort on the part of snakebite patients. Major barriers were identified, such as the low number of hospitals that offer antivenom treatment, poor access to healthcare due to long distances and geographic barriers, low acceptability of healthcare offered in countryside, lack of use of personal protective equipment, common use of ineffective or deleterious self-care practices, late recognition of serious clinical signs and resistance to seeking medical assistance. Health education, promotion of immediate transport to health centers and decentralization of antivenom from reference hospitals to community healthcare centers in the Brazilian Amazon are more effective strategies that would to maximize access to antivenom treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseir Saturnino Cristino
- Department of Medicine and Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Amazonas State University, Manaus, Brazil
- Department of Teaching and Research, Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Maciel Salazar
- Department of Medicine and Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Amazonas State University, Manaus, Brazil
- Department of Teaching and Research, Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Azevedo Machado
- Department of Medicine and Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Amazonas State University, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Honorato
- Department of Medicine and Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Amazonas State University, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Altair Seabra Farias
- Department of Medicine and Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Amazonas State University, Manaus, Brazil
- Department of Teaching and Research, Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation, Manaus, Brazil
| | - João Ricardo Nickenig Vissoci
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Surgery and Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Alexandre Vilhena Silva Neto
- Department of Medicine and Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Amazonas State University, Manaus, Brazil
- Department of Teaching and Research, Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Marcus Lacerda
- Department of Medicine and Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Amazonas State University, Manaus, Brazil
- Department of Teaching and Research, Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation, Manaus, Brazil
- Instituto Leônidas & Maria Deane, Fiocruz, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Fan Hui Wen
- Bioindustrial Centre, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wuelton Marcelo Monteiro
- Department of Medicine and Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Amazonas State University, Manaus, Brazil
- Department of Teaching and Research, Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Almeida Gonçalves Sachett
- Department of Medicine and Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Amazonas State University, Manaus, Brazil
- Department of Teaching and Research, Alfredo da Matta Foundation, Manaus, Brazil
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Monteiro WM, Contreras-Bernal JC, Bisneto PF, Sachett J, Mendonça da Silva I, Lacerda M, Guimarães da Costa A, Val F, Brasileiro L, Sartim MA, Silva-de-Oliveira S, Bernarde PS, Kaefer IL, Grazziotin FG, Wen FH, Moura-da-Silva AM. Bothrops atrox, the most important snake involved in human envenomings in the amazon: How venomics contributes to the knowledge of snake biology and clinical toxinology. Toxicon X 2020; 6:100037. [PMID: 32550592 PMCID: PMC7285970 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxcx.2020.100037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Bothrops atrox snakes are mostly endemic of the Amazon rainforest and is certainly the South American pit viper responsible for most of the snakebites in the region. The composition of B. atrox venom is significantly known and has been used to trace the relevance of the venom phenotype for snake biology and for the impacts in the clinics of human patients involved in accidents by B. atrox. However, in spite of the wide distribution and the great medical relevance of B. atrox snakes, B. atrox taxonomy is not fully resolved and the impacts of the lack of taxonomic resolution on the studies focused on venom or envenoming are currently unknown. B. atrox venom presents different degrees of compositional variability and is generally coagulotoxic, inducing systemic hematological disturbances and local tissue damage in snakebite patients. Antivenoms are the effective therapy for attenuating the clinical signs. This review brings a comprehensive discussion of the literature concerning B. atrox snakes encompassing from snake taxonomy, diet and venom composition, towards clinical aspects of snakebite patients and efficacy of the antivenoms. This discussion is highly supported by the contributions that venomics and antivenomics added for the advancement of knowledge of B. atrox snakes, their venoms and the treatment of accidents they evoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuelton Marcelo Monteiro
- Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Carlos Borborema, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Jorge Carlos Contreras-Bernal
- Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Carlos Borborema, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Pedro Ferreira Bisneto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Sachett
- Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Alfredo da Matta, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Iran Mendonça da Silva
- Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Carlos Borborema, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Marcus Lacerda
- Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Carlos Borborema, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
- Instituto Leônidas & Maria Deane, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Allyson Guimarães da Costa
- Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Carlos Borborema, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Fernando Val
- Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Carlos Borborema, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Lisele Brasileiro
- Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Carlos Borborema, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Sartim
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Sâmella Silva-de-Oliveira
- Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Carlos Borborema, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Paulo Sérgio Bernarde
- Laboratório de Herpetologia, Centro Multidisciplinar, Campus Floresta, Universidade Federal do Acre, Cruzeiro do Sul, AC, Brazil
| | - Igor L. Kaefer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ana Maria Moura-da-Silva
- Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Carlos Borborema, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
- Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
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