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Rohman A, Irnawati, Windarsih A, Riswanto FDO, Indrayanto G, Fadzillah NA, Riyanto S, Bakar NKA. Application of Chromatographic and Spectroscopic-Based Methods for Analysis of Omega-3 (ω-3 FAs) and Omega-6 (ω-6 FAs) Fatty Acids in Marine Natural Products. Molecules 2023; 28:5524. [PMID: 37513396 PMCID: PMC10383577 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids v(ω-3 FAs) such as EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) and omega-6 fatty acids (ω-6 FAs) such as linoleic acid and arachidonic acid are important fatty acids responsible for positive effects on human health. The main sources of ω-3 FAs and ω-6 FAs are marine-based products, especially fish oils. Some food, supplements, and pharmaceutical products would include fish oils as a source of ω-3 FAs and ω-6 FAs; therefore, the quality assurance of these products is highly required. Some analytical methods mainly based on spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques have been reported. Molecular spectroscopy such as Infrared and Raman parallel to chemometrics has been successfully applied for quantitative analysis of individual and total ω-3 FAs and ω-6 FAs. This spectroscopic technique is typically applied as the alternative method to official methods applying chromatographic methods. Due to the capability to provide the separation of ω-3 FAs and ω-6 FAs from other components in the products, gas and liquid chromatography along with sophisticated detectors such as mass spectrometers are ideal analytical methods offering sensitive and specific results that are suitable for routine quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Rohman
- Halal Center, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Irnawati
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
- Study Program of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Halu Oleo University, Kendari 93232, Indonesia
| | - Anjar Windarsih
- Research Center for Food Technology and Processing (PRTPP), National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Yogyakarta 55861, Indonesia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Nurrulhidayah A Fadzillah
- International Institute for Halal Research and Training, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 53100, Malaysia
| | - Sugeng Riyanto
- Study Program of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences and Pharmacy, Universitas Gunadarma, Jakarta 16451, Indonesia
| | - Nor Kartini Abu Bakar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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ZANQUI AB, SOUZA AHPD, GOHARA AK, NISHIYAMA MF, RIBEIRO RP, SOUZA NED, VISENTAINER JV, GOMES STM, MATSUSHITA M. Multivariate study of Nile tilapia byproducts enriched with omega-3 and dried with different methods. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-457x.6796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Makoto MATSUSHITA
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Brazil; Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Brazil
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