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Suárez JC, Vanegas JI, Anzola JA, Contreras AT, Urban MO, Beebe SE, Rao IM. Impact of Web Blight on Photosynthetic Performance of an Elite Common Bean Line in the Western Amazon Region of Colombia. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3238. [PMID: 36501276 PMCID: PMC9736428 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Disease stress caused by plant pathogens impacts the functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus, and the symptoms caused by the degree of severity of the disease can generally be observed in different plant parts. The accurate assessment of plant symptoms can be used as a proxy indicator for managing disease incidence, estimating yield loss, and developing genotypes with disease resistance. The objective of this work was to determine the response of the photosynthetic apparatus to the increased disease severity caused by web blight Thanatephorus cucumeris (Frank) Donk on the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) leaves under acidic soil and the humid tropical conditions of the Colombian Amazon. Differences in chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, including Fv/Fm, Y(II), Y(NPQ), Y(NO), ETR, qP, and qN in leaves with different levels of severity of web blight in an elite line (BFS 10) of common bean were evaluated under field conditions. A significant effect of web blight on the photosynthetic apparatus was found. A reduction of up to 50% of energy use dedicated to the photosynthetic machinery was observed, even at the severity scale score of 2 (5% surface incidence). The results from this study indicate that the use of fluorescence imaging not only allows for the quantifying of the impact of web blight on photosynthetic performance, but also for detecting the incidence of disease earlier, before severe symptoms occur on the leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Suárez
- Programa de Ingeniería Agroecológica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de la Amazonia, Florencia 180001, Colombia
- Centro de Investigaciones Amazónicas CIMAZ Macagual César Augusto Estrada González, Grupo de Investigaciones Agroecosistemas y Conservación en Bosques Amazónicos-GAIA, Universidad de la Amazonia, Florencia 180001, Colombia
| | - José Iván Vanegas
- Programa de Ingeniería Agroecológica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de la Amazonia, Florencia 180001, Colombia
| | - José Alexander Anzola
- Programa de Ingeniería Agroecológica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de la Amazonia, Florencia 180001, Colombia
| | - Amara Tatiana Contreras
- Programa de Ingeniería Agroecológica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de la Amazonia, Florencia 180001, Colombia
- Centro de Investigaciones Amazónicas CIMAZ Macagual César Augusto Estrada González, Grupo de Investigaciones Agroecosistemas y Conservación en Bosques Amazónicos-GAIA, Universidad de la Amazonia, Florencia 180001, Colombia
| | - Milan O. Urban
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Km 17 Recta Cali-Palmira, Cali 763537, Colombia
| | - Stephen E. Beebe
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Km 17 Recta Cali-Palmira, Cali 763537, Colombia
| | - Idupulapati M. Rao
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Km 17 Recta Cali-Palmira, Cali 763537, Colombia
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Chlorophyll Fluorescence Imaging as a Tool for Evaluating Disease Resistance of Common Bean Lines in the Western Amazon Region of Colombia. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11101371. [PMID: 35631796 PMCID: PMC9143997 DOI: 10.3390/plants11101371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The evaluation of disease resistance is considered an important aspect of phenotyping for crop improvement. Identification of advanced lines of the common bean with disease resistance contributes to improved grain yields. This study aimed to determine the response of the photosynthetic apparatus to natural pathogen infection by using chlorophyll (Chla) fluorescence parameters and their relationship to the agronomic performance of 59 common bean lines and comparing the photosynthetic responses of naturally infected vs. healthy leaves. The study was conducted over two seasons under acid soil and high temperature conditions in the western Amazon region of Colombia. A disease susceptibility index (DSI) was developed and validated using chlorophyll a (Chla) fluorescence as a tool to identify Mesoamerican and Andean lines of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) that are resistant to pathogens. A negative effect on the functional status of the photosynthetic apparatus was found with the presence of pathogen infection, a situation that allowed the identification of four typologies based on the DSI values ((i) moderately resistant; (ii) moderately susceptible; (iii) susceptible; and (iv) highly susceptible). Moderately resistant lines, five of them from the Mesoamerican gene pool (ALB 350, SMC 200, BFS 10, SER 16, SMN 27) and one from the Andean gene pool (DAB 295), allocated a higher proportion of energy to photochemical processes, which increased the rate of electron transfer resulting in a lower sensitivity to disease stress. This photosynthetic response was associated with lower values of DSI, which translated into an increase in the accumulation of dry matter accumulation in different plant organs (leaves, stem, pods and roots). Thus, DSI values based on chlorophyll fluorescence response to pathogen infection could serve as a phenotyping tool for evaluating advanced common bean lines. Six common bean lines (ALB 350, BFS 10, DAB 295, SER 16, SMC 200 and SMN 27) were identified as less sensitive to disease stress under field conditions in the western Amazon region of Colombia, and these could serve as useful parents for improving the common bean for multiple stress resistance.
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de Almeida CP, de Carvalho Paulino JF, Bonfante GFJ, Perseguini JMKC, Santos IL, Gonçalves JGR, Patrício FRA, Taniguti CH, Gesteira GDS, Garcia AAF, Song Q, Carbonell SAM, Chiorato AF, Benchimol-Reis LL. Angular Leaf Spot Resistance Loci Associated With Different Plant Growth Stages in Common Bean. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:647043. [PMID: 33927738 PMCID: PMC8078856 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.647043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Angular leaf spot (ALS) is a disease that causes major yield losses in the common bean crop. Studies based on different isolates and populations have already been carried out to elucidate the genetic mechanisms of resistance to ALS. However, understanding of the interaction of this resistance with the reproductive stages of common bean is lacking. The aim of the present study was to identify ALS resistance loci at different plant growth stages (PGS) by association and linkage mapping approaches. An BC2F3 inter-gene pool cross population (AND 277 × IAC-Milênio - AM population) profiled with 1,091 SNPs from genotyping by sequencing (GBS) was used for linkage mapping, and a carioca diversity panel (CDP) genotyped by 5,398 SNPs from BeadChip assay technology was used for association mapping. Both populations were evaluated for ALS resistance at the V2 and V3 PGSs (controlled conditions) and R8 PGS (field conditions). Different QTL (quantitative trait loci) were detected for the three PGSs and both populations, showing a different quantitative profile of the disease at different plant growth stages. For the three PGS, multiple interval mapping (MIM) identified seven significant QTL, and the Genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified fourteen associate SNPs. Several loci validated regions of previous studies, and Phg-1, Phg-2, Phg-4, and Phg-5, among the 5 loci of greatest effects reported in the literature, were detected in the CDP. The AND 277 cultivar contained both the Phg-1 and the Phg-5 QTL, which is reported for the first time in the descendant cultivar CAL143 as ALS10.1UC. The novel QTL named ALS11.1AM was located at the beginning of chromosome Pv11. Gene annotation revealed several putative resistance genes involved in the ALS response at the three PGSs, and with the markers and loci identified, new specific molecular markers can be developed, representing a powerful tool for common bean crop improvement and for gain in ALS resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Isabella Laporte Santos
- Centro de Pesquisa em Recursos Genéticos Vegetais, Instituto Agronômico - IAC, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | | | - Cristiane Hayumi Taniguti
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Gabriel de Siqueira Gesteira
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Antônio Augusto Franco Garcia
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Qijian Song
- USDA-ARS, Soybean Genomics and Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD, United States
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de Almeida CP, Paulino JFDC, Morais Carbonell SA, Chiorato AF, Song Q, Di Vittori V, Rodriguez M, Papa R, Benchimol-Reis LL. Genetic Diversity, Population Structure, and Andean Introgression in Brazilian Common Bean Cultivars after Half a Century of Genetic Breeding. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E1298. [PMID: 33143347 PMCID: PMC7694079 DOI: 10.3390/genes11111298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Brazil is the largest consumer and third highest producer of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) worldwide. Since the 1980s, the commercial Carioca variety has been the most consumed in Brazil, followed by Black and Special beans. The present study evaluates genetic diversity and population structure of 185 Brazilian common bean cultivars using 2827 high-quality single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The Andean allelic introgression in the Mesoamerican accessions was investigated, and a Carioca panel was tested using an association mapping approach. The results distinguish the Mesoamerican from the Andean accessions, with a prevalence of Mesoamerican accessions (94.6%). When considering the commercial classes, low levels of genetic differentiation were seen, and the Carioca group showed the lowest genetic diversity. However, gain in gene diversity and allelic richness was seen for the modern Carioca cultivars. A set of 1060 'diagnostic SNPs' that show alternative alleles between the pure Mesoamerican and Andean accessions were identified, which allowed the identification of Andean allelic introgression events and shows that there are putative introgression segments in regions enriched with resistance genes. Finally, genome-wide association studies revealed SNPs significantly associated with flowering time, pod maturation, and growth habit, showing that the Carioca Association Panel represents a powerful tool for crop improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caléo Panhoca de Almeida
- Centro de Pesquisa em Recursos Genéticos Vegetais, Instituto Agronômico (IAC), Campinas, São Paulo 13075-630, Brazil; (J.F.d.C.P.); (L.L.B.-R.)
| | - Jean Fausto de Carvalho Paulino
- Centro de Pesquisa em Recursos Genéticos Vegetais, Instituto Agronômico (IAC), Campinas, São Paulo 13075-630, Brazil; (J.F.d.C.P.); (L.L.B.-R.)
| | | | - Alisson Fernando Chiorato
- Centro de Grãos e Fibras, Instituto Agronômico (IAC), Campinas, São Paulo 13075-630, Brazil; (S.A.M.C.); (A.F.C.)
| | - Qijian Song
- Soybean Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, US Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Beltsville, MD 20705, USA;
| | - Valerio Di Vittori
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica dele Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (V.D.V.); (R.P.)
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Müehlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Monica Rodriguez
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
- Centro per la Cobservazione e Valorizzazione della Biodiversità Vegetale (CBV), Università degli Studi di Sassari, 07040 Alghero, Italy
| | - Roberto Papa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica dele Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (V.D.V.); (R.P.)
| | - Luciana Lasry Benchimol-Reis
- Centro de Pesquisa em Recursos Genéticos Vegetais, Instituto Agronômico (IAC), Campinas, São Paulo 13075-630, Brazil; (J.F.d.C.P.); (L.L.B.-R.)
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Nay MM, Mukankusi CM, Studer B, Raatz B. Haplotypes at the Phg-2 Locus Are Determining Pathotype-Specificity of Angular Leaf Spot Resistance in Common Bean. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1126. [PMID: 31572421 PMCID: PMC6753878 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Angular leaf spot (ALS) is one of the most devastating diseases of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and causes serious yield losses worldwide. ALS resistance is reportedly pathotype-specific, but little is known about the efficacy of resistance loci against different pathotypes. Here, we report on ALS resistance evaluations of 316 bean lines under greenhouse and field conditions at multiple sites in Colombia and Uganda. Surprisingly, genome-wide association studies revealed only two of the five previously described resistance loci to be significantly associated with ALS resistance. Phg-2 on chromosome eight was crucial for ALS resistance in all trials, while the resistance locus Phg-4 on chromosome 4 was effective against one particular pathotype. Further dissection of Phg-2 uncovered an unprecedented diversity of functional haplotypes for a resistance locus in common bean. DNA sequence-based clustering identified eleven haplotype groups at Phg-2. One haplotype group conferred broad-spectrum ALS resistance, six showed pathotype-specific effects, and the remaining seven did not exhibit clear resistance patterns. Our research highlights the importance of ALS pathotype-specificity for durable resistance management strategies in common bean. Molecular markers co-segregating with resistance loci and haplotypes will increase breeding efficiency for ALS resistance and allow to react faster to future changes in pathogen pressure and composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M. Nay
- Molecular Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Clare M. Mukankusi
- Bean Program, International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Kampala, Uganda
| | - Bruno Studer
- Molecular Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bodo Raatz
- Bean Program, International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia
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Nay MM, Souza TLPO, Raatz B, Mukankusi CM, Gonçalves-Vidigal MC, Abreu AFB, Melo LC, Pastor-Corrales MA. A Review of Angular Leaf Spot Resistance in Common Bean. CROP SCIENCE 2019; 59:1376-1391. [PMID: 33343018 PMCID: PMC7680949 DOI: 10.2135/cropsci2018.09.0596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Angular leaf spot (ALS), caused by Pseudocercospora griseola, is one of the most devastating diseases of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in tropical and subtropical production areas. Breeding for ALS resistance is difficult due to the extensive virulence diversity of P. griseola and the recurrent appearance of new virulent races. Five major loci, Phg-1 to Phg-5, conferring ALS resistance have been named, and markers tightly linked to these loci have been reported. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) have also been described, but the validation of some QTLs is still pending. The Phg-1, Phg-4, and Phg-5 loci are from common bean cultivars of the Andean gene pool, whereas Phg-2 and Phg-3 are from beans of the Mesoamerican gene pool. The reference genome of common bean and high-throughput sequencing technologies are enabling the development of molecular markers closely linked to the Phg loci, more accurate mapping of the resistance loci, and the comparison of their genomic positions. The objective of this report is to provide a comprehensive review of ALS resistance in common bean. Furthermore, we are reporting three case studies of ALS resistance breeding in Latin America and Africa. This review will serve as a reference for future resistance mapping studies and as a guide for the selection of resistance loci in breeding programs aiming to develop common bean cultivars with durable ALS resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bodo Raatz
- Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Cali, Colombia
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