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Mangueira VM, de Sousa TKG, Batista TM, de Abrantes RA, Moura APG, Ferreira RC, de Almeida RN, Braga RM, Leite FC, Medeiros KCDP, Cavalcanti MAT, Moura RO, Silvestre GFG, Batista LM, Sobral MV. A 9-aminoacridine derivative induces growth inhibition of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells and antinociceptive effect in mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:963736. [PMID: 36324671 PMCID: PMC9618857 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.963736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acridine derivatives have been found with anticancer and antinociceptive activities. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the toxicological, antitumor, and antinociceptive actions of N’-(6-chloro-2-methoxyacridin-9-yl)-2-cyanoacetohydrazide (ACS-AZ), a 9-aminoacridine derivative with antimalarial activity. The toxicity was assessed by acute toxicity and micronucleus tests in mice. The in vivo antitumor effect of ACS-AZ (12.5, 25, or 50 mg/kg, intraperitoneally, i.p.) was determined using the Ehrlich tumor model, and toxicity. The antinociceptive efficacy of the compound (50 mg/kg, i.p.) was investigated using formalin and hot plate assays in mice. The role of the opioid system was also investigated. In the acute toxicity test, the LD50 (lethal dose 50%) value was 500 mg/kg (i.p.), and no detectable genotoxic effect was observed. After a 7-day treatment, ACS-AZ significantly (p < 0.05) reduced tumor cell viability and peritumoral microvessels density, suggesting antiangiogenic action. In addition, ACS-AZ reduced (p < 0.05) IL-1β and CCL-2 levels, which may be related to the antiangiogenic effect, while increasing (p < 0.05) TNF-α and IL-4 levels, which are related to its direct cytotoxicity. ACS-AZ also decreased (p < 0.05) oxidative stress and nitric oxide (NO) levels, both of which are crucial mediators in cancer known for their angiogenic action. Moreover, weak toxicological effects were recorded after a 7-day treatment (biochemical, hematological, and histological parameters). Concerning antinociceptive activity, ACS-AZ was effective on hotplate and formalin (early and late phases) tests (p < 0.05), characteristic of analgesic agents with central action. Through pretreatment with the non-selective (naloxone) and μ1-selective (naloxonazine) opioid antagonists, we observed that the antinociceptive effect of ACS-AZ is mediated mainly by μ1-opioid receptors (p < 0.05). In conclusion, ACS-AZ has low toxicity and antitumoral activity related to cytotoxic and antiangiogenic actions that involve the modulation of reactive oxygen species, NO, and cytokine levels, in addition to antinociceptive properties involving the opioid system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivianne M. Mangueira
- Post Graduation Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Tatyanna K. G. de Sousa
- Post Graduation Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Tatianne M. Batista
- Post Graduation Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Renata A. de Abrantes
- Post Graduation Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula G. Moura
- Post Graduation Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Rafael C. Ferreira
- Post Graduation Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Reinaldo N. de Almeida
- Post Graduation Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Renan M. Braga
- Post Graduation Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Fagner Carvalho Leite
- Post Graduation Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | - Misael Azevedo T. Cavalcanti
- Drug Development and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Ricardo O. Moura
- Drug Development and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Geovana F. G. Silvestre
- Post Graduation Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Leônia M. Batista
- Post Graduation Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Marianna V. Sobral
- Post Graduation Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Marianna V. Sobral,
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