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Eppe J, Petrossians P, Busoni V, Rollin F, Guyot H. Technical Validation of Ultrasound Assessment of the Thyroid Gland in Cattle. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10050322. [PMID: 37235405 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10050322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known about thyroid diseases in ruminants, probably due to the lack of diagnosis techniques developed in this species. However, thyroid ultrasound (TU) is widely used in human and in companion animal's medicine. It is a cheap and non-invasive examination, which allows for the identification of thyroid structures or diffuse diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of TU in five calves and five cows through inter- and intra-observer repeatability. The size of the thyroid gland was measured from three views: left sagittal, right sagittal and transverse; nine measurements per view. The intra-observer coefficient was calculated for each observer. For the inter-observer, the first observer was a board-certified imagist (European College of Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging diplomate), the second was a board-certified specialist in bovine and herd management (European College of Bovine Health Managementdiplomate) and the third was an in-trained veterinarian for the TU. They each scanned the thyroid gland successively, following the same method. The intra-observer variabilities for observers 1, 2 and 3 were 8.22%, 5.53%, 5.38%, and 7.18%, 8.65% and 6.36%, respectively, for calves and cows. The inter-observer variability for calves was 10.4% and for cows, 11.8%. This study confirms the feasibility of repeatable intra- and inter-observer TU-estimated measurements in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Eppe
- Clinical Department of Production Animals, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health Research Unit (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Quartier Vallée 2, Avenue de Cureghem 7A-7D, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Patrick Petrossians
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Liege, University of Liege, Quartier Hôpital, Avenue Hippocrate 13, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Valeria Busoni
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Equids, Equine Division, Diagnostic Imaging Section, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health Research Unit (FARAH), University of Liege, Quartier Vallée 2, Avenue de Cureghem 5, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Rollin
- Clinical Department of Production Animals, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health Research Unit (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Quartier Vallée 2, Avenue de Cureghem 7A-7D, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Hugues Guyot
- Clinical Department of Production Animals, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health Research Unit (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Quartier Vallée 2, Avenue de Cureghem 7A-7D, 4000 Liege, Belgium
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El-Sherif MA, Nabil G, Ibrahim R, Mohamed N, Mohamed M, Jaheen AH. Ultrasonographic & biochemical analysis of thyroid bio-architecture for further pharmacological intervention in adult Arabian stallions & mares. Res Vet Sci 2023; 155:44-50. [PMID: 36634541 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Based on the growing attention to the Arabian horses with a lack of records regarding their normal physiological parameters, which are critically vital for disease diagnosis &convenient drug administration, we give great attention to their thyroid gland normalcy. The thyroid gland is one of the key players in regulating many physiological processes. Therefore, we tackled thyroid biology & morphology in 14 Arabian stallions & 18 Arabian mares from the beginning of March to the middle of April on animals from 4 to 19 years old. First, the blood samples taken from their jugular vein were used for hematological profile, lipid profile, glucose-coagulation axis & thyroid profile. Moreover, thyroid gland dimensions & volume were estimated using ultrasonography. Noteworthy, Arabian mares have significantly higher MCH & relative eosinophils than Arabian stallions, while Arabian stallions have significantly higher glucose levels than Arabian Mares. Interestingly, this study found that Arabian horses have a high level of Total T4 & low level of platelets count compared to other horses. These results pointed to the deiodinase inhibitors as a possible target therapy for hyperthyroidism & thyroid cancer in Arabian horses, making surgery a second option. Also, these results refer to the caution required before giving Arabian horses high plasma protein bounded drugs, especially anticoagulants. Also, sonographic results showed that the left lobe is larger than the right lobe in both genders, & the lobes volume is larger in Arabian horses compared to others. These results would guide the veterinarian during diagnosis & thyroidectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A El-Sherif
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt.
| | - Ghazal Nabil
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt.
| | - Rana Ibrahim
- Undergraduate Seniors, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 1211, Egypt
| | - Nourhan Mohamed
- Undergraduate Seniors, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 1211, Egypt
| | - Mona Mohamed
- Undergraduate Seniors, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 1211, Egypt
| | - Alaa Helal Jaheen
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt.
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Mageed M, Steinberg T, Maleas G. Diagnostic imaging and conservative management of an ultimobranchial thyroid cyst in an adult horse. EQUINE VET EDUC 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Mageed
- Tierklinik Lüsche GmbH Bakum Germany
| | | | - G. Maleas
- Tierklinik Lüsche GmbH Bakum Germany
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Viana GF, Midon M, Fonseca MW, Hataka A, Carandina L, Bueno LMC, Puoli Filho JNP, Machado VMDV. Assessment of qualitative and quantitative parameters of healthy thyroid gland in adult horses by magnetic resonance imaging. Anat Histol Embryol 2021; 50:839-848. [PMID: 34318942 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In humans and pets, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides important adjunctive anatomic information about the thyroid and its adjacent structures. To the best of our knowledge, however, no studies have been reported regarding the use of MRI for thyroid evaluation in horses. The aim of this study was to obtain qualitative and quantitative parameters of healthy thyroid gland in adult horses by MRI. Eleven horses were submitted to thyroid MRI evaluation. The healthy thyroid of these animals was ensured by normal examinations performed before (free thyroxine and ultrasound) and after (cytology) to MRI. It was concluded that the dorsal spin-echo T1-weighted, fast spin-echo T2-weighted, sagittal STIR and a three-dimensional T1-weighted gradient echo were the sequences that best characterized the thyroid lobes. Qualitatively, there was a significant variation in the elliptical format of some lobes considering the sagittal plane, which oscillated between rounded and flattened conformation. Excellent reproducibility of the quantitative thyroid parameters obtained was verified. The thyroid gland total volume mean of observers was 14.31 cm3 (±0.69). In relation with comparisons between quantitative parameters of left and right lobes, only differences regarding their respective lengths were observed. Thus, we can infer that the difference in some thyroid lobes format can be explained by the significant variation identified between left and right lobes lengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Fernandes Viana
- Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Monica Midon
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Mariana Werneck Fonseca
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Alessandre Hataka
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Luciana Carandina
- Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Laís Melício Cintra Bueno
- Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
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