1
|
Long ME, Mustonen AM, Zitzer NC, Byron JK, Wellman ML, Cianciolo RE, Hokamp JA. Persistent nonregenerative anemia in a 4-year-old cat. Vet Clin Pathol 2020; 49:11-16. [PMID: 32201969 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A 4-year-old male neutered domestic shorthair cat was presented to The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine for a 2-month history of severe weight loss, lethargy, anemia, and bilaterally hyperechoic kidneys with loss of corticomedullary distinction as reported by the referring veterinarian. Relevant initial laboratory results included severe non-regenerative normocytic hypochromic anemia, increased blood urea nitrogen, minimally concentrated urine, proteinuria, and an increased urine protein:creatinine ratio. Cytologic evaluation of a bone marrow aspirate revealed a markedly hypocellular marrow with abundant mucinous material. Gelatinous marrow transformation (GMT) was confirmed histologically by the presence of mucinous material in the bone marrow that stained positive for Alcian blue but negative for periodic acid-Schiff. The cat died despite repeated blood transfusions and supportive care. Gelatinous marrow transformation, immune complex-mediated membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, and gastrointestinal hemorrhage were observed on autopsy and histology. It is likely that the development of GMT was secondary to chronic kidney disease (CKD) and that CKD, GMT, and gastrointestinal hemorrhage contributed to the cat's non-regenerative anemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie E Long
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Allison M Mustonen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Nina C Zitzer
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Julie K Byron
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Maxey L Wellman
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rachel E Cianciolo
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jessica A Hokamp
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Geraldes SS, Le Sueur ANV, Sant'Ana PB, de Azevedo MGP, Takahira RK, Melchert A, Lourenço MLG, Mamprim MJ, Guimarães-Okamoto PTC. The Effect of Intermittent Hemodialysis on the Hematological and Serum Biochemistry Profile in Dogs With Chronic Kidney Disease. Top Companion Anim Med 2019; 38:100389. [PMID: 32115078 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2019.100389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Intermittent hemodialysis (IHD) is a type of kidney replacement therapy commonly prescribed in veterinary medicine for cases of drug removal, fluid, acid-base, and electrolyte disorders, acute kidney injury, and cases of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in uremic crisis. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of intermittent hemodialysis in dogs with IRIS stage 4 CKD in contrast to dogs treated only with standard medical management, without dialysis, to improve their quality of life. Twenty-five dogs previously diagnosed with IRIS stage 4 CKD were selected for the study according to the inclusion criteria. Dogs were randomized to 2 distinct groups: the control group (n = 11), which underwent a conventional clinical treatment for CKD; and the hemodialysis group (n = 14), which underwent intermittent hemodialysis in addition to the clinical treatment. Both groups had a period of 15 days of clinical and laboratory evaluation. Laboratory analysis consisted of chemistry and hematological evaluation before and after both treatments at a minimum interval of 48 hours. Clinical parameters and eventual complications were assessed every 30 minutes during the IHD. When compared with conventional treatment, IHD was highly efficient in removing urea, creatinine, and phosphorus, but presented a hematological risk to the patient, requiring constant monitoring of hematological and biochemical profiles in order to correct alterations. Therefore, IHD is a highly recommended treatment if adequately monitored by trained professionals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvano Salgueiro Geraldes
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - André Nanny Vieira Le Sueur
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paula Bilbau Sant'Ana
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Gabriela Picelli de Azevedo
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Regina Kiomi Takahira
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Melchert
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Lucia G Lourenço
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Jaqueline Mamprim
- Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|