The role of potassium channels in the endothelial dysfunction induced by periodontitis

Endothelial Reprogramming in Sports Traumatology: Role of the Widespread Neuro-Immuno-Endocrine-Endothelial System

This paper deals with the role of the widespread neuro-immuno-endocrine-endothelial system in sport traumatology. The aim of this work is to see if sport or regular physical activity is able to reprogram the endothelium, to advance the new concept of neuro-immuno-endocrine-endothelial diffused system, and to introduce in the practice of sport medicine a new test in the fields of “Athlete functional evaluation” and “Sports fitness”. The first object of this paper is to see whether sport or regular physical activity can change the functional structure of the endothelium. The second goal is to frame under a general view the knowledge and individual lines of research on endothelium, to highlight what we believe is, in the organization of homeostasis, the location of this ‘organ’, namely in the neuro-immune-endocrine system spread.

A novel rat model of denture stomatitis and the role of antibiotics in the development of the disease

This study compared different conditions to establish a rat model of denture stomatitis. Immunocompetent Wistar rats were divided into two groups (n = 35): Tetracycline = administration of 0.83 mg/ml of tetracycline hydrochloride 7 days before induction of denture stomatitis and amoxicillin = administration of 0.156 mg/ml of amoxicillin with clavulanic acid 4 days before induction of denture stomatitis. A suspension of Candida albicans was inoculated on the palate followed by the use of a palatal device contaminated with C. albicans inoculum for 4 days to induce denture stomatitis. As controls, some rats were not submitted to any procedure or used a sterile palatal device for 4 days. The development of denture stomatitis was confirmed by visual analysis, colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/ml) count, histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses, and through myeloperoxidase (MPO) and N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG) assays. Rats were euthanized right after device removal (T0), 4 (T4), or 6 (T6) days after device removal. Tetracycline improved the development of the disease, with more severe clinical signs at T0. Similar results were observed in the CFU/ml count and in the histometric and immunohistochemical analyses. Higher MPO expression was detected in the palates of the tetracycline group (P = .006). Despite the subtle differences between antibiotics, tetracycline showed better results in inducing and maintaining denture stomatitis for at least 4 days after device removal.

The impact of periodontitis on vascular endothelial dysfunction

Periodontitis, an oral inflammatory disease, originates from periodontal microbiota dysbiosis which is associated with the dysregulation of host immunoinflammatory response. This chronic infection is not only harmful to oral health but is also a risk factor for the onset and progress of various vascular diseases, such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, and coronary arterial disease. Vascular endothelial dysfunction is the initial key pathological feature of vascular diseases. Clarifying the association between periodontitis and vascular endothelial dysfunction is undoubtedly a key breakthrough for understanding the potential relationship between periodontitis and vascular diseases. However, there is currently a lack of an updated review of their relationship. Therefore, we aim to focus on the implications of periodontitis in vascular endothelial dysfunction in this review.