Effect of different low-level intensity laser therapy (LLLT) irradiation protocols on the osseointegration of implants placed in grafted areas

Comparison of different dual-wavelength photobiomodulation protocols application in third molar extractions. A split-mouth randomized controlled trial

OBJECTIVE

To compare the use of PBMT in the soft tissue and bone healing after third molar extraction using the dual-wavelength laser directly into the post-extraction alveoli (PBMT-I), or PBMT with a red laser directly into the alveoli and with an infrared laser externally on the patient's face (PBMT-IE).

METHODS

Twenty patients underwent extraction of four third molars were involved in this split-mouth double-blind randomized controlled trial. The Post-extraction alveoli were treated with the following protocols: PBMT-IE: Application of a red laser directly into the alveolus, and infrared laser irradiation transcutaneously and PBMT-I: Application of dual-wavelength laser intraorally. Patients were clinically evaluated 3, 7, 14, 30, and 90 days after the surgical procedure. The analyses in this study were divided into qualitative (centered on the patient's report and on the evaluators' analysis), and quantitative analyses (measurement of the vertical and horizontal dimensions of the face with the objective of measuring post-surgical edema and radiographic analyses for evaluation of the density and structure of the newly formed bone).

RESULTS

A progressive improvement was observed in all parameters evaluated in this study, however, this improvement was time dependent, with no distinct effect observed between the PBMT treatments applied.

CONCLUSION

The different dual-wavelength PBMT protocols induced a similar postoperative clinical course in third molar extraction surgeries, with a reduced occurrence of complications and a good healing pattern of hard and soft tissues.

Effect of photobiomodulation therapy of overprepared dental implant bed on torque removal and implant stability quotient: an experimental study in sheep

BACKGROUND

Primary stability of dental implant is an important prerequisite for achieving osseointegration. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of photobiomodulation therapy on bone formation-around implants by measuring the implant removal torque and implant stability quotient.

METHODS

This study was conducted in six adult male sheep. Four implants were placed on each side of the lower border of the mandible. The implant beds were prepared to a size of 10 mm in length and 4.8 mm in width, to receive an implant of 8 mm in length and 4 mm in width. Laser application to the socket was performed just before implant placement, and was immediately administered to the surface of the implant and the peri-implant bone before suturing of the wound. The therapy was continued twice daily for the next seven consecutive days. The animals were sacrificed at 4, 8, and 12 weeks, with two animals per time point. The implant-removal torque was determined with an electronic wrench, and the implant stability quotient (ISQ) was assessed with an Ostell device.

RESULTS

The laser treated sides showed significantly higher removal torque and ISQ, at the three-time points (P<0.05). At 4 weeks, the ISQ was 61.44 (±10.4) in the laser group and 48.2 (±16.7) in the control group. At 8 weeks, the ISQ increased to 62.2 (±5.5) in the laser group and 56.1 (±4.3) in the control group. At 12 weeks, the ISQ was 67 (±4.5) in the laser group and 61.875 (±6.3) in the control group. The removal torque at 4 weeks was 218.6 (±62.6) in the laser group and 147.6 (±40.9) in the control group. At 8 weeks, the removal torque increased to 370.5 (±33.3) in the laser group and 250.2 (±25.0) in the control group. At 12 weeks, the removal torque increased to 912.6 (±177.2) in the laser group and 512.1 (±122.6) in the control group.

CONCLUSIONS

Photobiomodulation enhances bone formation and improves implant stability in implants with overzealously prepared oversized implant beds.