The effect of ellagic acid on the repair process of periodontal defects related to experimental periodontitis in rats

Changes in cuproptosis-related gene expression in periodontitis: An integrated bioinformatic analysis

Periodontitis causes inflammatory destruction of tooth-supporting tissues; however, the complex mechanism underlying its etiology remains unclear. Cuproptosis is a type of cell death caused by an imbalance in intracellular copper homeostasis that leads to excess copper. However, changes in the expression and biological function of cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) in periodontitis are not yet fully understood. This study investigated the comprehensive effects of differentially expressed CRGs (DE-CRGs) on periodontitis via bioinformatic analysis. Nine DE-CRGs were discovered using normal and periodontitis gingival samples, and single-cell RNA sequencing data were analyzed to identify them changes in diverse cell clusters. We then detected the correlation between DE-CRGs and immune infiltration, immune factors, mitochondrial dysfunction, diagnostic efficacy, and predicted drugs. Moreover, changes of DE-CRG in whole periodontitis tissue and a human gingival fibroblast cell line (HGF-1) were confirmed and copper content changes in HGF-1 cells were investigated. Most DE-CRG expression trends were reversed between the periodontal tissues and cell clusters, which may be related to the proportion of cell clusters changes caused periodontitis. Furthermore, most DE-CRG trends in periodontitis cell clusters were inconsistent with the effects of cuproptosis. In HGF-1 cells treated with Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (Pg-LPS), the intracellular copper content increased by more than threefold, indicating that although some periodontitis cells had excess copper, the amount may not have been sufficient to trigger cuproptosis. Additionally, DE-CRGs were closely associated with multiple biological functions, antibiotic drugs, and natural herbal medicines. Our findings may provide an overview of DE-CRGs in the pathogenesis and treatment of periodontitis.

Phyllanthus emblica fruits: a polyphenol-rich fruit with potential benefits for oral management

The fruit of Phyllanthus emblica Linn., which mainly grows in tropical and subtropical regions, is well-known for its medicine and food homology properties. It has a distinctive flavor, great nutritional content, and potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and immunoregulatory effects. According to an increasing amount of scientific and clinical evidence, this fruit shows significant potential for application and development in the field of oral health management. Through the supplementation of vitamins, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and other nutrients reduce virulence expression of various oral pathogens, prevent tissue and mucosal damage caused by oxidative stress, etc. Phyllanthus emblica fruit can promote saliva secretion, regulate the balance of the oral microecology, prevent and treat oral cancer early, promote alveolar bone remodeling and aid mucosal wound healing. Thus, it plays a specific role in the prevention and treatment of common oral disorders, producing surprising results. For instance, enhancing the effectiveness of scaling and root planing in the treatment of periodontitis, relieving mucosal inflammation caused by radiotherapy for oral cancer, and regulating the blood glucose metabolism to alleviate oral discomfort. Herein, we systematically review the latest research on the use of Phyllanthus emblica fruit in the management of oral health and examine the challenges and future research directions based on its chemical composition and characteristics.