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Lopes ABS, R Lima A, D Bronzato J, Herrera DR, Francisco PA, Carvalho MCC, Abuna G, Sinhoreti M, Gomes BPFA. Influence of different presentation forms of chlorhexidine on contaminated root canals during agitation. AUST ENDOD J 2024. [PMID: 38803063 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
This in vitro study aimed to verify the influence of chlorhexidine (CHX) (gel and solution) in association with different activation protocols on disinfection of root canals contaminated with Enterococcus faecalis. In total, 120 lower premolar roots were selected, contaminated and divided into 12 groups according to irrigation technique and substance. Samples were collected before and after each irrigation technique and analysed for colony-forming units (CFU). Three dentin discs were obtained for quantification of viable intratubular cells by using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). CFU results showed that sonic and ultrasonic were more effective than conventional irrigation. Ultrasonic activation was more effective than sonic for CHX gel (p < 0.05). CLSM showed that either activation was better than conventional in all groups and root canal thirds (p < 0.05). It was concluded that ultrasonic/sonic activation was more effective than conventional techniques and CHX enhanced intratubular dentin decontamination across all irrigation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana B S Lopes
- Department of Restorative Dentistry -Endodontics Division, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Augusto R Lima
- Department of Restorative Dentistry -Endodontics Division, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Juliana D Bronzato
- Department of Restorative Dentistry -Endodontics Division, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Daniel R Herrera
- Department of Restorative Dentistry -Endodontics Division, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
- Department of Endodontics, Federal Fuminense University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Priscila A Francisco
- Department of Restorative Dentistry -Endodontics Division, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Maria C C Carvalho
- Department of Restorative Dentistry -Endodontics Division, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Abuna
- Department of Restorative Dentistry - Dental Materials Division, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Mario Sinhoreti
- Department of Restorative Dentistry - Dental Materials Division, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Brenda P F A Gomes
- Department of Restorative Dentistry -Endodontics Division, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
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THASANAKIT A, KAEWPRAG J, SRISATJALUK R. Bactericidal Effect of Triple Antibiotic Paste against Enterococcus faecalis in Dentinal Tubules: An Ex Vivo Study. Eur Endod J 2024; 9:161-166. [PMID: 38456464 PMCID: PMC10938359 DOI: 10.14744/eej.2023.78942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the bactericidal effect of various concentrations of triple antibiotic paste (TAP) against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) in dentinal tubules using a bacterial culture assay and confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). METHODS Ninety human teeth were contaminated with E. faecalis (ATCC 29212) and randomly allocated into 5 groups; the negative control (without TAP), 1 mg/ml, 5 mg/ml, 7.5 mg/ml and 10 mg/ml TAP (n=18). After a 3-week TAP treatment, samples were collected from the root canal space, root dentin at 100-μm and 200-μm depth. The collected samples were subjected to a bacterial culture assay (n=10). Eight roots from each group underwent CLSM analysis to determine the live/dead bacterial cells. RESULTS The bacterial culture assay results indicated that the negative control samples were all culturable. The number of culture-positive samples decreased after TAP treatment at 1, 5, 7.5 and 10 mg/ml, with 2, 2, 1 and 0 culturable samples, respectively. However, there was no significant difference among the TAP treatments. Surprisingly, the CLSM analysis demonstrated live bacteria in the dentinal tubules in all samples. The negative control had 52.36%+-3.24 live bacteria. TAP treatment at 10 mg/ml had the lowest percentage of live bacterial cells (40.58%+-5.40), followed by 7.5 mg/ml (44.14%+-6.03), 5 mg/ml (46.31%+-5.32) and 1 mg/ml (52.55%+-8.82). The percentage of live cells in the 10 mg/ml, 7.5 mg/ml and 5 mg/ml TAP groups were significantly lower than the 1 mg/ml TAP and negative control groups. CONCLUSION TAP treatment significantly decreased the percentage of viable E. faecalis cells in the dentinal tubules and its bactericidal effect was dose-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athiphum THASANAKIT
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Mahidol University Faculty of Dentistry, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jittranan KAEWPRAG
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Mahidol University Faculty of Dentistry, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ratchapin SRISATJALUK
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Mahidol University Faculty of Dentistry, Bangkok, Thailand
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Wang Y, Lei L, Huang J, Cai Z, Huang X. Sonic-assisted antibacterial photodynamic therapy: a strategy for enhancing lateral canal disinfection. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:5. [PMID: 38166876 PMCID: PMC10762957 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03801-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacterial infections in lateral canals pose challenges for root canal treatment. This in vitro study aims to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of sonic-assisted methylene blue mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (MB-aPDT) against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) in infected lateral canals. METHODS Sixty-five premolars infected with E. faecalis in lateral canals were randomly divided into five groups (n = 13) and treated with : (1) 5.25% NaOCl (positive control); (2) Saline (negative control); (3) Sonic-assisted MB-aPDT; (4) 3% NaOCl + MB-aPDT; (5) 3% NaOCl + sonic-assisted MB-aPDT, respectively. The antibacterial efficacy was evaluated by the colony- counting method (CCM) and scanning electronic microscope (SEM). RESULTS Both 5.25% NaOCl and the 3% NaOCl + sonic-assisted MB-aPDT exhibited the most effective while comparable antibacterial effects without significant statistical difference (P > 0.05). Furthermore, the antibacterial effect of the 3% NaOCl + MB-aPDT group was significantly higher compared to that of the sonic-assisted MB-aPDT group (P < 0.05). The SEM results demonstrated notable morphological alterations in E. faecalis across all experimental groups, except for the negative control group. CONCLUSION The concentration of NaOCl can be reduced to a safe level while preserving its antibacterial efficacy through the synergism with the sonic-assisted MB-aPDT in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhuang Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China
| | - Lishan Lei
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China
| | - Jing Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China
| | - Zhiyu Cai
- Department of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China.
| | - Xiaojing Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China.
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Cuellar MRC, Pereira TC, de Vasconcelos LRSM, Pedrinha VF, Vivan RR, Duarte MAH, de Andrade FB. Reducing Apical Bacterial Extrusion: The Impact of Reciproc File Size and Irrigation Technique. IRANIAN ENDODONTIC JOURNAL 2024; 19:176-182. [PMID: 39086717 PMCID: PMC11287038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Introduction This study used different irrigation techniques to compare the levels of apical bacterial extrusion during the preparation of root canals with a reciprocating instrument widely used in endodontics, the Reciproc files 25/0.08 and 40/0.06. Materials and Methods The irrigation techniques employed were conventional syringe irrigation and passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI); the latter, with one or two activation cycles. Seventy extracted mandibular human premolars were contaminated with Enterococcus faecalis for 5 days and were distributed into 6 experimental groups (n=10), and the remaining specimens were used as positive and negative control groups (n=5). Group 1: instrumentation performed with Reciproc 25/0.08 and conventional syringe irrigation; Group 2: instrumentation performed with Reciproc 25/0.08 along with PUI for one minute after instrumentation (PUI-1); and Group 3: instrumentation performed with Reciproc 25/0.08 along with PUI for one minute before and after instrumentation (PUI-2). Groups 4, 5 and 6 were instrumented with Reciproc 40/0.06, and irrigation was performed similar to the previous groups, in the aforementioned order. Each root canal was irrigated with saline solution. Extruded debris was collected in microtubes. The contents of the microtubes were homogenized, diluted, and spread on Brain Heart Infusion agar. After 48 hours, the number of colony-forming units was determined for each sample. For statistical analysis, the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the Dunn's tests were used (α=0.05). Results The CFU/mL count indicated that the instrumentation with Reciproc 25/0.08 was associated with the highest bacterial extrusion, mainly when PUI was performed (P<0.05). Conclusion All the instrumentation techniques caused bacterial extrusion through the apical foramen; however, the largest file size of the Reciproc 40/0.06 groups was associated with less apical bacterial extrusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maricel Rosario Cardenas Cuellar
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Thais Cristina Pereira
- ADEMA School of Dentistry, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | | | - Victor Feliz Pedrinha
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Ricci Vivan
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Marco Antonio Hungaro Duarte
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Flaviana Bombarda de Andrade
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
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Szabó EV, Huszta B, Polyák M, Ruksakiet K, Bernáth R, Ghidán Á, Csáki Á, Kostadinova M, Dinya E, Vág J, Lohinai ZM. Antimicrobial efficacy of sodium hypochlorite and hyper-pure chlorine dioxide in the depth of dentin tubules in vitro. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:930. [PMID: 38012605 PMCID: PMC10680282 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03685-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study aimed to compare the antibacterial effect of a novel disinfectant, hyper-pure chlorine dioxide (hClO2) to sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) in various depths of dentin tubules. MATERIALS AND METHODS The distal root of the extracted lower molars was infected artificially with Enterococcus faecalis. The control group was rinsed with saline, and the test groups were irrigated with either 5% NaOCl or 0.12% hClO2. The longitudinally split teeth were stained by viability stain. The coronal third of the root was scanned with a confocal laser scanning microscope. The fluorescent intensities were measured, and the percentage of dead bacteria was calculated at depths up to 950 μm along the dentin tubules. The effect of penetration depth, irrigants, and their interaction on antimicrobial efficacy was determined by the linear mixed model. RESULTS The percentage of dead bacteria was higher both in the NaOCl (45.1 ± 2.3%, p < 0.01) and in the hClO2 (44.6 ± 3.8%, p < 0.01) irrigant groups compared to saline (23 ± 4.5%); however, there was no difference between them. The percentage of killed bacteria was not correlated with the depths in any group (p = 0.633). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the functional penetration depth of NaOCl is at least 2-3 times more than published to date. There is no difference in disinfection effectiveness along the dentin tubules between NaOCl and hClO2 until at least the measured 950 μm. However, both were only able to eradicate the intratubular bacteria partially. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Hyper-pure ClO2 could be used as an alternative or final adjuvant irrigant in endodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enikő Vasziné Szabó
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Semmelweis University, Szentkirály u. 47, H-1088, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Brigitta Huszta
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Semmelweis University, Szentkirály u. 47, H-1088, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Melinda Polyák
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Semmelweis University, Szentkirály u. 47, H-1088, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kasidid Ruksakiet
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Semmelweis University, Szentkirály u. 47, H-1088, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, H-1089, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Naresuan University, Tha Pho, Mueang Phitsanulok District, 65000, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Róbert Bernáth
- Department of Oral Diagnostics, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, H-1089, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágoston Ghidán
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, H-1089, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Csáki
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó u. 58, H-1094, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Milia Kostadinova
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Semmelweis University, Szentkirály u. 47, H-1088, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Elek Dinya
- Institute of Digital Health Sciences Semmelweis University, Ferenc tér 15, H-1094, Budapest, Hungary
| | - János Vág
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Semmelweis University, Szentkirály u. 47, H-1088, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt M Lohinai
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Semmelweis University, Szentkirály u. 47, H-1088, Budapest, Hungary
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Gioster-Ramos ML, Pedrinha VF, Barros MC, Bezerra RM, Andrade FB, Kuga MC, Vaz LG. Antimicrobial effect of Pentaclethra Macroloba plant extract against Enterococcus Faecalis. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 83:e272095. [PMID: 38055574 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.272095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the antimicrobial efficacy of a new intracanal drug based on Pentaclethra macroloba extract, a plant of Amazonian origin, against Enterococcus faecalis using macrodilution test and intratubular evaluation with Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the pure extract of Pentaclethra macroloba andits association with calcium hydroxide and ultracall were determined. Then, thirty-three dentin cylinders were prepared and inoculated with E. faecalis, to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of the medications on the dentinal tubules with CLSM. The data was analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests. The extract in association with calcium hydroxide showed a lower CBM, and in the intratubular test all tested medications were effective against E. faecalis (P >0.05). The new intracanal drug based on P. macroloba extract has an antimicrobial effect against E. faecalis and further studies are needed for its clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Gioster-Ramos
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - UNESP, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Materiais Odontológicos e Prótese, Araraquara, SP, Brasil
| | - V F Pedrinha
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Dentística, Endodontia e Materiais Odontológicos, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - M C Barros
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Dentística, Endodontia e Materiais Odontológicos, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - R M Bezerra
- Universidade Federal do Amapá - UNIFAP, Laboratório de Bioprospecção e Absorção Atômica, Macapá, AP, Brasil
| | - F B Andrade
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Dentística, Endodontia e Materiais Odontológicos, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - M C Kuga
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - UNESP, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Araraquara, SP, Brasil
| | - L G Vaz
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - UNESP, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Materiais Odontológicos e Prótese, Araraquara, SP, Brasil
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De Sarkar M, Mala K, Shenoy Mala S, Kabekkodu SP, Natarajan S, Shetty N, Madhav Kamath P, Thomas M. Antimicrobial efficacy of Kerr pulp canal sealer (EWT) in combination with 10% amoxicillin on Enterococcus faecalis: A confocal laser scanning microscopic study. F1000Res 2023; 12:725. [PMID: 37521769 PMCID: PMC10382784 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.132047.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Sealers with antimicrobial properties play an important role in endodontic therapy success especially against Enterococcus faecalis infection found in failed root canal therapy. Addition of antibiotic agents to endodontic sealers may show significant increase in their antibacterial properties both against anaerobic and aerobic microbes. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate antimicrobial efficacy of Kerr pulp canal sealer (EWT) in combination with 10% amoxicillin against E. faecalis and post-root canal treatment viability of Enterococcus faecalis on the first and seventh day. Methods: A total of 60 extracted human mandibular premolar teeth were decoronated after initial decontamination with 1% NaOCl. Root length standardized to 12 mm. Canal instrumentation was done using ProTaper Universal file system till size F2 using 5.25% NaOCl. It was then infected with a pure strain of E. faecalis for a period of four days. Obturation was done using plain sealer, (n=30) and sealer-antibiotic combination, (n=30). Half of the teeth were sectioned at 24 hours (S, SA) and other half were sectioned seven days after obturation (S7, SA7). All samples were stained with SYTO9 and propidium iodide for imaging under Confocal Laser Scanning microscope. Statistical analysis was performed with the statistical software SPSS v. 17.0 (SPSS for Windows; SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL). Data was analysed using One Way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey test to determine statistical significance with p value < 0.01 considered significant. Results: Statistically significant differences were observed in green to red ratio between group S (9.561976) and S7 (0.435418) (p < 0.01). There was no difference found between SA (mean of green to red ratio, (0.70431) and SA7 (mean of green to red ratio, 0.85184). Conclusions: Antibiotics added to the sealer effectively eradicated of E. faecalis 24 hours post-obturation. However, after seven days, plain sealer was as effective as sealer-antibiotic combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhureema De Sarkar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 575001, India
| | - Kundabala Mala
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 575001, India
| | - Suchitra Shenoy Mala
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 575001, India
| | - Shama Prasada Kabekkodu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Srikant Natarajan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 575001, India
| | - Neeta Shetty
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 575001, India
| | - Priyanka Madhav Kamath
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 575001, India
| | - Manuel Thomas
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 575001, India
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De Sarkar M, Mala K, Shenoy Mala S, Kabekkodu SP, Natarajan S, Shetty N, Madhav Kamath P, Thomas M. Antimicrobial efficacy of Kerr pulp canal sealer (EWT) in combination with 10% amoxicillin on Enterococcus faecalis: A confocal laser scanning microscopic study. F1000Res 2023; 12:725. [PMID: 37521769 PMCID: PMC10382784 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.132047.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Sealers with antimicrobial properties play an important role in endodontic therapy success especially against Enterococcus faecalis infection found in failed root canal therapy. Addition of antibiotic agents to endodontic sealers may show significant increase in their antibacterial properties both against anaerobic and aerobic microbes. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate antimicrobial efficacy of Kerr pulp canal sealer (EWT) in combination with 10% amoxicillin against E. faecalis and post-root canal treatment viability of Enterococcus faecalis on the first and seventh day. Methods: A total of 60 extracted human mandibular premolar teeth were decoronated after initial decontamination with 1% NaOCl. Root length standardized to 12 mm. Canal instrumentation was done using ProTaper Universal file system till size F2 using 5.25% NaOCl. It was then infected with a pure strain of E. faecalis for a period of four days. Obturation was done using plain sealer, (n=30) and sealer-antibiotic combination, (n=30). Half of the teeth were sectioned at 24 hours (S, SA) and other half were sectioned seven days after obturation (S7, SA7). All samples were stained with SYTO9 and propidium iodide for imaging under Confocal Laser Scanning microscope. Statistical analysis was performed with the statistical software SPSS v. 17.0 (SPSS for Windows; SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL). Data was analysed using One Way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey test to determine statistical significance with p value < 0.01 considered significant. Results: Statistically significant differences were observed in green to red ratio between group S (9.561976) and S7 (0.435418) (p < 0.01). There was no difference found between SA (mean of green to red ratio, (0.70431) and SA7 (mean of green to red ratio, 0.85184). Conclusions: Antibiotics added to the sealer effectively eradicated of E. faecalis 24 hours post-obturation. However, after seven days, plain sealer was as effective as sealer-antibiotic combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhureema De Sarkar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 575001, India
| | - Kundabala Mala
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 575001, India
| | - Suchitra Shenoy Mala
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 575001, India
| | - Shama Prasada Kabekkodu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Srikant Natarajan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 575001, India
| | - Neeta Shetty
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 575001, India
| | - Priyanka Madhav Kamath
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 575001, India
| | - Manuel Thomas
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 575001, India
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Barros MC, Pedrinha VF, Graeff MSZ, Bramante CM, Duarte MAH, de Andrade FB. A new model of in vitro dentin intratubular contamination for Fusobacterium nucleatum: Validation by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18042. [PMID: 37539102 PMCID: PMC10395344 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To test and validate a new protocol for in vitro contamination of dentinal tubules using Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), in addition to evaluating the effectiveness of conventional endodontic irrigants such as sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and chlorhexidine (CLX) on this biofilm. Material and methods Thirty lower premolars were contaminated with F. nucleatum (ATCC 51190) for 7 days under anaerobic conditions using the proposed new model. The specimens were divided into a control group and experimental groups, according to the irrigants: NaOCl 2.5% and CLX 2%. Then, the samples were submitted for analysis by CLSM and the LIVE/DEAD technique to quantify bacterial viability. Data normality was verified by the Shapiro-Wilk test. Intragroup and intergroup comparisons were performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by Dunn's post-test. Results The CLSM images obtained demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed new contamination protocol, with a high percentage of viable bacteria in relation to the treated groups (p < 0.05). Lower viability values were observed for the 2.5% NaOCl group. Conclusion The new contamination protocol resulted in a high and homogeneous percentage of viable bacteria in the dentinal tubules in all specimens evaluated. Both irrigating solutions proved to be effective in reducing the intratubular microbiota, especially 2.5% NaOCl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirela Cesar Barros
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Victor Feliz Pedrinha
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Clovis Monteiro Bramante
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Marco Antonio Hungaro Duarte
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Flaviana Bombarda de Andrade
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
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The Vehicles of Calcium Hydroxide Pastes Interfere with Antimicrobial Effect, Biofilm Polysaccharidic Matrix, and Pastes' Physicochemical Properties. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123123. [PMID: 36551879 PMCID: PMC9775961 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to investigate the pH, volumetric alteration, antimicrobial action, and effect on biofilm matrix polysaccharides of calcium hydroxide (CH) pastes with different vehicles available in endodontics: CH + propylene glycol (CHP), UltraCal XS®, Metapaste®, and Metapex®. The pH was analyzed at different time intervals using a pH meter. For volumetric alteration, a microtomographic assay was performed before and after immersion in water. Enterococcus faecalis was chosen for microbiological tests. The bacterial viability and extracellular matrix were quantified with direct contact evaluation (dentin blocks) and at the intratubular level (dentin cylinders) using LIVE/DEAD BacLight and Calcofluor White dyes via confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's tests were used to analyze pH and direct contact assays, while one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests were used to analyze volumetric alteration and intratubular decontamination (α = 0.05). Higher pH values were obtained during the initial days. Volumetric alterations were similar in all groups. Lower bacterial viability was obtained for dentin blocks and cylinders when CH pastes were used. UltraCal XS and Metapex had lower values for the extracellular matrix. The pH of all CH pastes decreased with time and did not promote medium alkalization for up to 30 days. CH paste can reduce bacterial viability through direct contact and at an intratubular level; however, UltraCal XS and Metapex are involved with lower volumes of extracellular matrices.
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11
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Can the Concentration of Citric Acid Affect Its Cytotoxicity and Antimicrobial Activity? Dent J (Basel) 2022; 10:dj10080148. [PMID: 36005246 PMCID: PMC9406502 DOI: 10.3390/dj10080148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There has been no unanimity concerning the ideal concentration of citric acid for safe use in clinical practice. This study evaluated the cytotoxicity and the antibacterial activity in infected dentinal tubules of 10% and 1% citric acid (CA) solutions. Methods: The cytotoxicity of CA solutions in DMEM (diluted 1/10, 1/100) was assessed in L-929 fibroblasts. A broth macrodilution method (MIC and MBC) was used to assess CA antibacterial concentration. The antimicrobial activity of CA solutions was also evaluated after their final rinse inside root canals in previously Enterococcus faecalis-contaminated dentinal tubules. Ten infected dentine samples were rinsed for 5 min with 5% NaOCl and subsequently with 1% citric acid for 3 min. Another 10 were rinsed with 5% NaOCl and 10% citric acid for 3 min; the remaining four specimens were utilized as positive controls. Two uncontaminated specimens were used as negative controls. After LIVE/DEAD BacLight staining, the samples were assessed using CLSM to analyze the percentage of residual live and dead cells. Results: Both undiluted and diluted CA solutions showed severe toxicity; no changes from normal morphology were displayed when diluted 1/100. The MIC and MBC of CA were 6.25 mg/mL and 12.50 mg/mL, respectively. CA solutions demonstrated significantly low levels of bacterial counts than the positive control group, reporting a value of 9.3% for the 10% solution versus the 1% solution (35.2%). Conclusions: Despite its valuable antimicrobial properties, the cytotoxic effects of citric acid should be considered during endodontic treatment.
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Chachlioutaki K, Karavasili C, Adamoudi E, Tsitsos A, Economou V, Beltes C, Bouropoulos N, Katsamenis OL, Doherty R, Bakopoulou A, Fatouros DG. Electrospun Nanofiber Films Suppress Inflammation In Vitro and Eradicate Endodontic Bacterial Infection in an E. faecalis-Infected Ex Vivo Human Tooth Culture Model. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:2096-2110. [PMID: 35427110 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Treatment failure of endodontic infections and their concurrent inflammations is commonly associated with microbial persistence and reinfection, also stemming from the anatomical restrictions of the root canal system. Aiming to address the shortcomings of current treatment options, a fast-disintegrating nanofibrous film was developed for the intracanal coadministration of an antimicrobial (ZnO nanoparticles) and an anti-inflammatory (ketoprofen) agent. The electrospun films were fabricated based on polymers that dissolve rapidly to constitute the actives readily available at the site of action, aiming to eliminate both microbial infection and inflammation. The anti-inflammatory potency of the nanofiber films was assessed in an in vitro model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells after confirming their biocompatibility in the same cell line. The nanofiber films were found effective against Enterococcus faecalis, one of the most prominent pathogens inside the root canal space, both in vitro and ex vivo using a human tooth model experimentally infected with E. faecalis. The physical properties and antibacterial and anti-inflammatory potency of the proposed electrospun nanofiber films constitute a promising therapeutic module in the endodontic therapy of nonvital infected teeth. All manuscripts must be accompanied by an abstract. The abstract should briefly state the problem or purpose of the research, indicate the theoretical or experimental plan used, summarize the principal findings, and point out major conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Chachlioutaki
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki GR-54124, Greece
| | - Christina Karavasili
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki GR-54124, Greece
| | - Elisavet Adamoudi
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki GR-54124, Greece
| | - Anestis Tsitsos
- Laboratory of Hygiene of Foods of Animal Origin─Veterinary Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki GR-54124, Greece
| | - Vangelis Economou
- Laboratory of Hygiene of Foods of Animal Origin─Veterinary Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki GR-54124, Greece
| | - Charis Beltes
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki GR-54124, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Bouropoulos
- Department of Materials Science, University of Patras, Rio 26504, Patras, Greece.,Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Chemical Engineering and High Temperature Chemical Processes, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Orestis L Katsamenis
- μ-VIS X-ray Imaging Centre, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Regan Doherty
- Biomedical Imaging Unit, University Hospital Southampton NHS Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Athina Bakopoulou
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki GR-54124, Greece
| | - Dimitrios G Fatouros
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki GR-54124, Greece
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Pedrinha VF, Cardenas Cuellar MR, Velásquez-Espedilla EG, Duarte MAH, Andrade FBD, Rodrigues PDA. Impact of irrigation protocols with some chelators and mechanical agitation on intratubular decontamination. Braz Oral Res 2021; 35:e127. [PMID: 34878082 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2021.vol35.0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated main canal and intratubular decontamination using different irrigation solutions followed by adjunctive agitation steps for infected root canals. Sixty-eight lower incisors were contaminated with Enterococcus faecalis and allocated to groups according to canal treatment (n = 10): G1, NaOCl followed by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA); G2, a mixture of NaOCl with hydroxyethylidene bisphosphonate (HEBP); and G3, NaOCl followed by EDTA-T (EDTA with sodium lauryl ether sulfate). All three groups of teeth were agitated with passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) using saline solution, whereby G4, G5, and G6 were prepared as above, and agitation was performed using an XP-Endo Finisher instrument. Microbiological samples were collected from the root canals with paper points at three times: before and after chemomechanical preparation and after agitation. The colony-forming units (CFU)/mL count was determined, and bacterial intratubular viability was analyzed via confocal laser scanning microscopy using Live/Dead staining. Statistical analysis was performed using a Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn tests. A Friedman test was applied for colony-counting data (α = 0.05). CFU/mL counting indicated equally effective decontamination in the experimental groups (p > 0.05). According to microscopy images, the use of irrigation solutions followed by agitation with the XP-Endo Finisher yielded better results. Moreover, NaOCl+EDTA-T followed by XP-Endo Finisher resulted in significantly lower viability than in the PUI-activated groups (p < 0.05). The cervical and medium thirds of the specimens presented similar results. Overall, NaOCl+EDTA-T exhibited the best intratubular antibacterial activity, mainly for canals that were subsequently agitated using XP-Endo Finisher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Feliz Pedrinha
- Universidade Federal do Pará - UFPA, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Laboratory of Dental Materials, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Maricel Rosario Cardenas Cuellar
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Bauru Dental School, Department of Operative Dentistry, Dental Materials and Endodontics, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Evelyn Giuliana Velásquez-Espedilla
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Bauru Dental School, Department of Operative Dentistry, Dental Materials and Endodontics, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Marco Antonio Hungaro Duarte
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Bauru Dental School, Department of Operative Dentistry, Dental Materials and Endodontics, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Flaviana Bombarda de Andrade
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Bauru Dental School, Department of Operative Dentistry, Dental Materials and Endodontics, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia de Almeida Rodrigues
- Universidade Federal do Pará - UFPA, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Laboratory of Dental Materials, Belém, PA, Brazil
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de Andrade FB, da Silva Munhoz Vasconcelos LR, Pereira TC, Garcia RB, Bramante CM, Duarte MAH. Ultrasonic agitation reduces the time of calcium hydroxide antimicrobial effect and enhances its penetrability. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2021; 32:150. [PMID: 34874480 PMCID: PMC8651585 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-021-06607-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of the present work was to evaluate the ultrasonic agitation, time and vehicle (propylene glycol or distilled water) on the antimicrobial potential and penetrability of calcium hydroxide pastes on infected dentin by means of Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) and microbiological culture (MC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Dentin specimens were infected with Enterococcus faecalis using a new contamination protocol of 5 days. The specimens were divided into eight groups and dressed with the pastes for 7 or 15 days: G1) calcium hydroxide (CH) + propylene glycol (prop)/7 days (d), G2) CH + prop/7d + ultrasonic agitation (U), G3) CH + distilled water (dw)/7d, G4) CH + dw/7d + U, G5) CH + prop/15d, G6) CH + prop/15d + U, G7) CH + dw/15d, G8) CH + dw/15d + U. The ultrasonic activation was made for 1 min in both directions with a plain point insert. After medications removal, the images obtained by CLSM showed the viable (green) and dead (red) bacteria with Live and Dead dye. By the MC, the dentinal wall debris obtained by burs were collected for colony counts. For the penetration test, the Rodamine B dye was added to the CH pastes and analyzed by CLSM. RESULTS The 7 and 15-days CH + prop+U pastes performed better antimicrobial efficacy, followed by the CH + dw+U/15d paste. CONCLUSIONS All pastes demonstrated better penetration and antimicrobial activity against E. faecalis when agitated with ultrasound, even in periods of up to seven days. The propylene glycol vehicle showed better results. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Agitation of the dressing that remains for less time inside the root canal can optimize the decontamination of endodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flaviana Bombarda de Andrade
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Thais Cristina Pereira
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberto Brandão Garcia
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Clóvis Monteiro Bramante
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Marco Antônio Hungaro Duarte
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
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Cunha Neto MAD, Coêlho JDA, Pinto KP, Cuellar MRC, Marcucci MC, Silva EJNL, Andrade FBD, Sassone LM. Antibacterial Efficacy of Triple Antibiotic Medication With Macrogol (3Mix-MP), Traditional Triple Antibiotic Paste, Calcium Hydroxide, and Ethanol Extract of Propolis: An Intratubular Dentin Ex Vivo Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopic Study. J Endod 2021; 47:1609-1616. [PMID: 34310981 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2021.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of antibacterial activity of medications used in regenerative endodontic treatment. METHODS Sixty-seven dentin cylinders of single-rooted teeth were contaminated with a culture of Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212; American Type Culture Collection, Manassas, VA) for 5 days. Samples were divided into 1 control group and the following experimental groups according to the medication applied: traditional triple antibiotic paste (TAP), clindamycin-modified TAP (mTAP), triple antibiotic medication with macrogol (3Mix-MP), clindamycin-modified 3Mix-MP (m3Mix-MP), calcium hydroxide (CH), and ethanol extract of propolis (EEP). After 14 days, the medications were removed, and the samples were submitted to confocal laser scanning microscopic analysis to quantify the percentage of viable bacteria. The distribution of data was confirmed by the Shapiro-Wilk test. The Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests were used for intergroup comparisons, and the Wilcoxon test was used for comparison between superficial and deep antibacterial efficacy for the same medication. The level of significance was set at P < .05. RESULTS 3Mix-MP and m3Mix-MP presented significantly higher antibacterial efficacy compared with the other tested medications (P < .05), except for mTAP. mTAP was more effective than TAP (P < .05). The antibacterial efficacy of EEP and CH did not differ significantly from TAP and mTAP (P > .05). All medications showed effective antibacterial action compared with the control group (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS 3Mix-MP and m3Mix-MP, which present extremely high concentrations of antibiotics (1500 mg/mL), were not more effective than mTAP at the concentration recommended by the American Association of Endodontists (5 mg/mL). Moreover, CH and EEP were as effective as TAP and mTAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Angelo da Cunha Neto
- PROCLIN Department, School of Dentistry, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jéssica de Almeida Coêlho
- Dentistry, Endodontics, and Dental Materials Department, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karem Paula Pinto
- PROCLIN Department, School of Dentistry, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maricel Rosário Cardenas Cuellar
- Dentistry, Endodontics, and Dental Materials Department, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Marcucci
- Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis Department, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Flaviana Bombarda de Andrade
- Dentistry, Endodontics, and Dental Materials Department, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana Moura Sassone
- PROCLIN Department, School of Dentistry, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Keskin NB, Aydın ZU, Uslu G, Özyürek T, Erdönmez D, Gündoğar M. Antibacterial efficacy of copper-added chitosan nanoparticles: a confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis. Odontology 2021; 109:868-873. [PMID: 33988772 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-021-00613-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of copper added chitosan nanoparticles (CU-CNPs) as an irrigation solution with different irrigants in terms of eliminating Enterococcus Faecalis (E. faecalis) from the root canals. Fifty mandibular premolar teeth were prepared and infected with E. faecalis for 21 days. After the incubation period, samples were randomly divided into a control group irrigated with distilled water and 4 experimental groups (n = 10) irrigated with as follows, %6 NaOCl, %6 NaOCl + %9 editronate (HEBP), Chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs), and CU-CNPs. To calculate the proportion of dead E. faecalis cell volume, stained using LIVE/DEAD BacLight Bacterial Viability Kit and were scanned using confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). All the irrigation solutions significantly (P < .05) killed the bacteria in the canal, except for the control group. CU-CNPs solution killed the highest (P < .05) number of bacteria compared with the other experimental groups. No significant difference was found between CNPs, NaOCl + HEBP, and NaOCl in terms of antibacterial activity. CU-CNPs solution was exhibited higher antibacterial efficacy against E. faecalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N B Keskin
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Z U Aydın
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - G Uslu
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey.
| | - T Özyürek
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - D Erdönmez
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey
| | - M Gündoğar
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Zancan RF, Di Maio A, Tomson PL, Duarte MAH, Camilleri J. The presence of smear layer affects the antimicrobial action of root canal sealers. Int Endod J 2021; 54:1369-1382. [PMID: 33763882 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess the chemical and microstructural characteristics of dentine after the use of two irrigation protocols and correlate this with the antimicrobial properties of hydraulic calcium silicate cement (HCSC) sealers and changes to the dentine structure/chemistry after sealer placement. METHODOLOGY Two irrigation protocols - Protocol A using 2% NaOCl used 5 mL/5 min and Protocol B with 2% NaOCl (5 mL/5 min) followed by 17% EDTA (5 mL/3 min) - were used to prepare dentine. The chemical and microstructural changes following irrigation were assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy (n = 5) on dentine obtained from the mid-root and coronal parts of extracted human teeth. Four sealers (AH Plus, BioRoot, MTA Fillapex, TotalFill) were characterized by SEM/EDS (n = 3). The ability of the sealers to eradicate intratubular Enterococcus faecalis biofilms was assessed by live/dead dye and confocal laser scanning microscopy to measure the percentage of living cells. The effect of combined irrigation and root filling on dentine was assessed by SEM and EDS analysis (n = 5). Statistical analysis was undertaken using one-way anova and a number of post hoc tests to detect intergroup differences. The F-test was used for comparison of variances in the microbiology testing. RESULTS The use of NaOCl alone left the smear layer intact, with traces of chlorine remaining on dentine. The use of BioRoot sealer restored the calcium levels of dentine which had been depleted by the irrigation with EDTA. BioRoot exhibited antimicrobial properties against intratubular bacteria even in the presence of smear layer (Protocol A). Smear layer removal improved the bactericidal effect of all sealers and Ca2+ leaching. The use of a chelating agent was important for the intratubular sealer penetration for AH Plus but not the other sealers. CONCLUSION The removal of smear layer was necessary for penetration of AH Plus into the dentinal tubules. BioRoot was a more effective sealer in reducing the bacterial load in the dentinal tubules than the other materials tested and the presence of smear layer did not affect its activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F Zancan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials and Endodontics, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A Di Maio
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - P L Tomson
- School of Dentistry, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - M A H Duarte
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials and Endodontics, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J Camilleri
- School of Dentistry, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Cuellar MRC, Velásquez-Espedilla EG, Pedrinha VF, Vivan RR, Duarte MAH, Andrade FBD. Can kinematics, file diameter, and PUI influence the intracanal decontamination and apical bacterial extrusion? Braz Oral Res 2020; 35:e003. [PMID: 33206776 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2021.vol35.0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the intracanal decontamination and apical extrusion of bacteria and debris from root canals instrumented with rotary and reciprocating systems (ProDesign Logic or ProDesign R), with different file diameters and using conventional syringe irrigation (CSI) or passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI). Eighty extracted mandibular premolars were contaminated with Enterococcus faecalis and randomly assigned to eight experimental groups according to the root canal instrumentation and irrigation technique employed (n = 10): G1: Prodesign Logic 25.06; G2: Prodesign R 25.06; G3 and G4 were instrumented with the same single-file systems, respectively, using 35.05 diameters and CSI. G5, G6, G7, and G8 were instrumented like the previous groups, but with PUI. Apically extruded debris during instrumentation was collected into pre-weighed microtubes. The weight of the empty microtube was subtracted from the final weight to establish the amount of extruded debris. Bacteria from root canals and extruded debris were collected for a microbiological evaluation of colony forming units (CFU/mL). For statistical analyses, the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis followed by the Dunn's tests were used (α = 0.05). All instruments caused extrusion of debris. For irrigation techniques, PUI promoted greater debris and bacterial extrusion (p < 0.05). The CFU/mL count indicated that the instrumentation of the experimental groups were equally effective in the decontamination of the root canal (p > 0.05). The systems tested (regarding file diameter and kinematics) were associated with similar amounts of apically extruded debris and root canal decontamination. PUI was associated with greater debris and bacterial extrusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maricel Rosario Cardenas Cuellar
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Bauru School of Dentistry, Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Evelyn Giuliana Velásquez-Espedilla
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Bauru School of Dentistry, Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Victor Feliz Pedrinha
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Bauru School of Dentistry, Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Ricci Vivan
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Bauru School of Dentistry, Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Marco Antonio Hungaro Duarte
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Bauru School of Dentistry, Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Flaviana Bombarda de Andrade
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Bauru School of Dentistry, Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru, SP, Brazil
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Pereira TC, Dijkstra RJB, Petridis X, Sharma PK, van de Meer WJ, van der Sluis LWM, de Andrade FB. Chemical and mechanical influence of root canal irrigation on biofilm removal from lateral morphological features of simulated root canals, dentine discs and dentinal tubules. Int Endod J 2020; 54:112-129. [PMID: 32880989 PMCID: PMC7839520 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Aim To investigate the anti‐biofilm efficacy of irrigation using a simulated root canal model, the chemical effect of irrigants against biofilms grown on dentine discs and their impact on biofilm viscoelasticity, the efficacy of the irrigants in decontaminating infected dentinal tubules and the capacity of bacteria to regrow. Methodology Biofilm removal, viscoelastic analysis of remaining biofilms and bacterial viability were evaluated using a simulated root canal model with lateral morphological features, dentine discs and a dentinal tubule model, respectively. Experiments were conducted using a two‐phase irrigation protocol. Phase 1: a modified salt solution (RISA) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) were used at a low flow rate to evaluate the chemical action of the irrigants. Ultrasonic activation (US) of a chemically inert solution (buffer) was used to evaluate the mechanical efficacy of irrigation. Phase 2: a final irrigation with buffer at a high flow rate was performed for all groups. Optical coherence tomography (OCT), low load compression testing (LLCT) and confocal scanning laser microscopy analysis were used in the different models. One‐way analysis of variance (anova) was performed for the OCT and LLCT analysis, whilst Kruskal–Wallis and Wilcoxon ranked tests for the dentinal tubule model. Results US and high flow rate removed significantly more biofilm from the artificial lateral canal. For biofilm removal from the artificial isthmus, no significant differences were found between the groups. Within‐group analysis revealed significant differences between the steps of the experiment, with the exception of NaOCl. For the dentine discs, no significant differences regarding biofilm removal and viscoelasticity were detected. In the dentinal tubule model, NaOCl exhibited the greatest anti‐biofilm efficacy. Conclusions The mechanical effect of irrigation is important for biofilm removal. An extra high flow irrigation rate resulted in greater biofilm removal than US in the artificial isthmus. The mechanical effect of US seemed to be more effective when the surface contact biofilm–irrigant was small. After the irrigation procedures, the remaining biofilm could survive after a 5‐day period. RISA and NaOCl seemed to alter post‐treatment remaining biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Pereira
- Department of Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil.,Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - R J B Dijkstra
- Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - X Petridis
- Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - P K Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - W J van de Meer
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - L W M van der Sluis
- Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - F B de Andrade
- Department of Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
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Dezhurko-Korol VA, Novozhilova NE, Makeeva IM, Arkhipova AY, Moisenovich MM, Akhmadishina LV, Lukashev AN, Semenov AM, Leontieva MR, Byakova SF. The influence of centrifugation and inoculation time on the number, distribution, and viability of intratubular bacteria and surface biofilm in deciduous and permanent bovine dentin. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 114:104716. [PMID: 32325265 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to assess the influence of centrifugation and inoculation time on the number, distribution, and viability of intratubular bacteria and surface monospecies E. faecalis biofilm. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-four semicylindrical specimens cut from primary (n = 22) and permanent (n = 22) bovine teeth were randomly assigned to the experimental groups. Teeth of each type were inoculated with E. faecalis with and without centrifugation for 1 and 14 days. The number, localization, viability of bacteria and depth of their penetration were assessed with bacterial culturing of dentin shavings, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser electron microscopy (CLSM). Three-way ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey test were used to assess the influence of different experimental setups on dentin infection. RESULTS Severe dentin infection was observed in permanent and deciduous teeth after centrifugation and 1-day incubation: bacteria reached the full length of dentinal tubules and colony-forming units were too numerous to count. The volume of green fluorescence didn't differ significantly in permanent teeth compared with deciduous (p = 1.0). After 1-day stationary inoculation, small number of cultivable bacteria and few viable bacteria in dentinal tubules were found in both groups. After 14-day stationary inoculation, the dentin infection according to CLSM was deeper in deciduous teeth compared with permanent (p = 0.006 and p = 0.019 for centrifugation and stationary inoculation, respectively). CONCLUSION The most even and dense dentin infection was observed in primary and permanent bovine teeth after centrifugation and 1-day inoculation, and in deciduous teeth after 14-day stationary inoculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria A Dezhurko-Korol
- Institute of Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Mojaiskii val str., 11, 121059б, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nina E Novozhilova
- Institute of Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Mojaiskii val str., 11, 121059б, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Irina M Makeeva
- Institute of Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Mojaiskii val str., 11, 121059б, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia Yu Arkhipova
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-12, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mihail M Moisenovich
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-12, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ludmila V Akhmadishina
- E.I. Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), M. Pirogovskaya str., 20-1, 119435, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander N Lukashev
- E.I. Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), M. Pirogovskaya str., 20-1, 119435, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander M Semenov
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-12, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria R Leontieva
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-12, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana F Byakova
- Institute of Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Mojaiskii val str., 11, 121059б, Moscow, Russia
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21
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Li Y, Wang Y, Chen X, Jiang W, Jiang X, Zeng Y, Li X, Feng Z, Luo J, Zhang L. Antimicrobial peptide GH12 as root canal irrigant inhibits biofilm and virulence of Enterococcus faecalis. Int Endod J 2020; 53:948-961. [PMID: 32189340 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM The objectives of this laboratory-based study were to investigate the effects of GH12 on Enterococcus faecalis biofilm and virulence. METHODOLOGY Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of GH12 against E. faecalis were first determined. A time-kill assay was further conducted. The effects of GH12 on the expression of virulence and stress genes in E. faecalis were evaluated by RT-qPCR. Crystal violet stain was used to investigate the effects of GH12 on E. faecalis biofilm formation and 1-day-old biofilm. Finally, an ex vivo tooth model contaminated with E. faecalis was used to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of GH12 as an irrigant by CFU counting, SEM and CLSM. One-way anova and Tukey's multiple comparisons test were used to compare the differences amongst groups (α = 0.05). RESULTS The MICs and MBCs of GH12 against E. faecalis were 8.0 ± 0.0 and 16.0 ± 0.0 mg L-1 , respectively, and GH12 at 32.0 mg L-1 reduced the bacterial numbers by more than 99.9% within 1 min. Various virulence genes (efaA, esp and gelE) and stress genes (dnaK, groEL, ctsR and clpPBCEX) in E. faecalis were significantly downregulated by GH12 at sub-MIC levels (P < 0.05). Additionally, both E. faecalis biofilm formation and the biomass of 1-day-old E. faecalis biofilm were significantly reduced by GH12 (P < 0.05). Elimination of E. faecalis in biofilms from root canal walls was achieved through irrigation with 64.0 mg L-1 GH12 for 30 min. CLSM analysis revealed that GH12 at 64.0 mg L-1 was most effective in eliminating bacteria within dentinal tubules (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION In a laboratory setting, and when used as an irrigant, GH12 suppressed E. faecalis, downregulated specific virulence and stress-associated genes, eliminated intracanal E. faecalis protected by biofilms and killed bacteria in dentinal tubules. These results emphasize the need for preclinical and clinical studies to explore the potential of GH12 as an antimicrobial agent during root canal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Y Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - X Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - W Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - X Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Y Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - X Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Z Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - J Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - L Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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22
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Byakova SF, Dezhurko-Korol VA, Novozhilova NE, Makeeva IM, Lukashev AN, Akhmadishina LV, Semenov AM, Moisenovich MM, Arkhipova AY, Ponirovsky EN. Quantitative Assessment of Dentinal Tubule Disinfection in Absence of Biofilm on Root Canal Walls: An in vitro Study. IRANIAN ENDODONTIC JOURNAL 2020; 15:155-165. [PMID: 36703803 PMCID: PMC9709850 DOI: 10.22037/iej.v15i3.27453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Introduction This study aimed at assessing the quantitative effect of calcium hydroxide, 2% chlorhexidine gel, and 1.5% chlorhexidine linked to xanthan gel specifically against intratubular bacteria. Methods and Materials Fifty-two semi-cylindrical bovine dentin specimens were infected with Enterococcus (E.) faecalis by centrifugation with subsequent 7-days incubation. The surface of specimens was disinfected with 3% H2O2. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and the count of bacterial colony-forming units (CFU/mg) were used to assess dentin infection. A total of 40 specimens were incubated for 2 weeks with one of the intracanal medication applied (10 samples for each group): 1) calcium hydroxide, 2) 2% chlorhexidine gel, 3) 1.5% chlorhexidine linked to xanthan gel and 4) sterile saline. Final passive ultrasonic irrigation with 3% sodium hypochlorite was performed in half of the total specimens. The effect of intracanal medications and irrigation against intratubular bacteria was assessed by bacterial culturing of dentin shavings. Two-Way ANOVA model was applied followed by post-hoc Tukey's test for multiple pair-wise comparisons of mean CFU/mg values. Results SEM, CLSM, and bacterial culturing confirmed the absence of the surface biofilm on the root canal wall and showed vital intratubular bacteria at the depth up to 700 m. Two-week application of 1.5% chlorhexidine with xanthan gel and 2% chlorhexidine gel significantly decreased intratubular bacterial counts compared with saline (P=0.0003 and P=0.0005, respectively). Subsequent passive ultrasonic irrigation with 3% sodium hypochlorite significantly reduced the number of intratubular bacteria in all groups except for the group with 1.5% chlorhexidine-xanthan gel (P=0.0054). Conclusion This modified ex vivo model study showed ultrasonically activated irrigation with sodium hypochlorite had greater effect on intratubular bacteria counts compared with 2-week application of intracanal medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Fedorovna Byakova
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University) of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Mojaiskii val str, Moscow, Russia
| | - Viktoria Andreevna Dezhurko-Korol
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University) of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Mojaiskii val str, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nina Evgenievna Novozhilova
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University) of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Mojaiskii val str, Moscow, Russia ; ,Corresponding author: Nina Evgenievna Novozhilova, Narodnogo opolcheniya st., 42-3-9, 123298 Moscow, Russia. Tel. +7-903 2031585, E-mail:
| | - Irina Mikhailovna Makeeva
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University) of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Mojaiskii val str, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandr Nikolaevich Lukashev
- E.I. Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), M. Pirogovskaya str., Moscow, Russia
| | - Ludmila Vasilievna Akhmadishina
- E.I. Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), M. Pirogovskaya str., Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | - Evgenii Nikolaevich Ponirovsky
- E.I. Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), M. Pirogovskaya str., Moscow, Russia
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23
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de Vasconcelos Neves G, dos Santos KSA, de Souza Sales Rocha EAL, de Moura RQ, Morais Barros DG, Gominho LF, de Castro Gomes DQ. Antibacterial Effect of Photodynamic Therapy on Root Canal Disinfection Combined with Different Irrigation Protocols. IRANIAN ENDODONTIC JOURNAL 2020; 15:90-95. [PMID: 36704438 PMCID: PMC9709835 DOI: 10.22037/iej.v15i2.27801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an emerging alternative therapy to conventional endodontic treatment to optimize bacterial elimination. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial effect of PDT combined with different irrigation protocols on root canals inoculated with Enterococcus (E.) faecalis. Methods and Materials Ninety uni-radicular human premolars were prepared and contaminated with E. faecalis for 4 days. Teeth were randomly divided into six groups: positive control group (C+) consisted of conventional needle irrigation with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl); negative control group (C-) consisted of no treatment after contamination; PDT group as treated with 0.005% methylene blue and diode laser irradiation for 90 sec at wavelength of 660 nm, energy of 9 Joules, power of 100 mW; the fourth group consisted of NaOCl+PDT, the fifth group were treated with passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) with NaOCl+PDT (PUI+PDT); and the final group were treated with XP Endo Finisher with NaOCl+PDT (XP Endo+PDT). The contents of the root canals were collected with sterile absorbent paper points at two times: before and 24 h after decontamination protocols. The number of colony-forming units (CFU) was determined for each root canal. ANOVA and the Tukey test were used, with significance set at 5% (P<0.05). Results The inhibition percentage ranged from 10.72 (C-) to 100% (XP Endo+PDT), with CFU/mL counts differing among all protocols tested (P<0.05). The different protocols significantly influenced bacterial inhibition (P<0.05). However, the XP Endo+PDT protocol resulted in the highest inhibition percentage (100%), followed by NaOCl+PDT (65.85%). Conclusions PDT combined with different final irrigation protocols was more effective in inhibiting E. faecalis growth than photodynamic therapy alone. XP Endo was the best irrigation protocol to eradicate this microorganism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella de Vasconcelos Neves
- Departamento de Odontologia, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Rua das Baraúnas, 351, Bairro Universitário, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil; ,Corresponding author: Gabriella de Vasconcelos Neves, Teresinha de Farias, 159, Catolé. Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil. CEP: 58429-500. Tel: +55-839 88587314, E-mail:
| | - Kátia Simone Alves dos Santos
- Departamento de Odontologia, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Rua das Baraúnas, 351, Bairro Universitário, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil
| | | | - Rodrigo Queiroga de Moura
- Departamento de Odontologia, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Rua das Baraúnas, 351, Bairro Universitário, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil
| | - Danyllo Guimarães Morais Barros
- Departamento de Odontologia, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Rua das Baraúnas, 351, Bairro Universitário, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil
| | - Luciana Ferraz Gominho
- Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora / Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, João Pessoa, Brasil
| | - Daliana Queiroga de Castro Gomes
- Departamento de Odontologia, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Rua das Baraúnas, 351, Bairro Universitário, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil
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Abu Hasna A, Khoury RD, Toia CC, Gonçalves GB, de Andrade FB, Talge Carvalho CA, Ribeiro Camargo CH, Carneiro Valera M. In vitro Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Effect of N-acetylcysteine and Photodynamic Therapy on Root Canals Infected with Enterococcus faecalis. IRANIAN ENDODONTIC JOURNAL 2020; 15:236-245. [PMID: 36704111 PMCID: PMC9709833 DOI: 10.22037/iej.v15i4.26865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro effectiveness of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), photodynamic therapy (PDT) and NAC with supplemental PDT in optimizing the removal of bacteria from infected dentinal tubules of root canals infected with Enterococcus (E.) faecalis biofilm. Methods and Materials Eighty human teeth were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=16) according to the intracanal medication used: saline solution (control); calcium hydroxide (CH); NAC; PDT; NAC+PDT. Ten samples from each group were prepared for microbiological culture analysis (CFU/mL) and were inoculated with E. faecalis suspension for 21 days for biofilm development; the other six samples from each group were prepared for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and submitted to a 5-days contamination protocol including eight centrifugation cycles on every other day for dentinal tubules infection. For antimicrobial activity analysis by microbiological culture (CFU/mL), the root canals were contaminated with E. faecalis biofilm, instrumented and then medicated according to the experimental groups. Three samples were collected from the root canals: after 21-days of contamination, immediately after the instrumentation and 14-days after the medication according to the experimental groups. The morphology of E. faecalis biofilm on the root canal walls and bacterial cells viability were assessed by means of SEM and CLSM, respectively. One-way ANOVA and Repeated Measures ANOVA tests were used to analyze the obtained data statistically. Results CFU/mL analysis showed that CH, NAC and NAC+PDT promoted greater antibacterial activity with statistically significant difference compared to saline solution and PDT (P<0.0001). However, saline solution and PDT were statistically similar (P>0.07). Illustrative images by SEM confirmed partially the CFU/mL results. CLSM showed that all groups were effective eliminating E. faecalis except for the saline solution group. Conclusions Based on this in vitro study NAC was bactericidal against E. faecalis biofilms regardless PDT stimulation, presenting similar antimicrobial activity to CH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad Abu Hasna
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rayana Duarte Khoury
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cassia Cestari Toia
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Glaucia Beatriz Gonçalves
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry of Bauru, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flaviana Bombarda de Andrade
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry of Bauru, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Antonio Talge Carvalho
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marcia Carneiro Valera
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil; ,Corresponding author: Marcia Carneiro Valera, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Eng. Francisco José Longo, 777, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil. Zip code: 12245-000. Tel: +55-12 39479400, E-mail:
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25
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Dual Rinse® HEDP increases the surface tension of NaOCl but may increase its dentin disinfection efficacy. Odontology 2019; 107:521-529. [DOI: 10.1007/s10266-019-00436-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Oda DF, Duarte MAH, Andrade FB, Moriyama LT, Bagnato VS, de Moraes IG. Antimicrobial action of photodynamic therapy in root canals using LED curing light, curcumin and carbopol gel. Int Endod J 2019; 52:1010-1019. [PMID: 30720875 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the capacity of carbopol gel to maintain the intensity of a LED curing light (blueLED) along the length of prepared root canals in bovine teeth, and to assess the antimicrobial capacity of curcumin photoactivated by a LED curing light in the presence of carbopol gel. METHODOLOGY Experiment 1: Eight straight roots of bovine incisors were standardized to a length of 15 mm, and the root canals instrumented up to a size 120 K-file. The LED curing light was irradiated inside the root canals using an aluminium collimator (1.5 mm in diameter) placed at the orifice (n = 8). Initially, the irradiation was performed in empty root canals and then repeated with the root canals filled with carbopol gel. Simple standardized photographs of the roots were taken with a digital camera in the mesial perspective during the irradiation procedure and the images analysed in OriginLab software to verify the light intensity along the length of the root. Experiment 2: Twenty dentine blocks were obtained from the cervical third of bovine incisors using a trephine bur. Biofilms were induced for 21 days on the blocks using Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 4083) at 109 cells mL-1 . The blocks were treated according to the groups (n = 5): positive control; standard PDT (methylene blue + diode Laser); curcumin; LED curing light; and curcumin + LED curing light. After the treatment, the samples were dyed with Live/Dead BacLight Bacterial Viability solution and fluorescence images were obtained by Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy (CSLM). Experiment 3: Thirty-two roots of bovine incisors were prepared as described in experiment 1. Their dentinal tubules were contaminated and the root canals treated according to the groups (n = 8): positive control; standard PDT; curcumin + LED curing light; curcumin + carbopol gel + LED curing light. The specimens were sectioned longitudinally and the split roots were treated with the Live/Dead dye to obtain fluorescence images by CSLM. All images were processed using BioImageL software to measure the percentage of viable bacteria and the data analysed statistically using the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test (α < 0.05). RESULTS In Experiment 1, carbopol gel did not improve the intensity of LED light transmission along the root canal. In Experiment 2, a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in bacterial viability occurred in the following order: positive control < only LED curing light < only curcumin < curcumin + LED curing light = standard PDT; and in Experiment 3 positive control = curcumin + LED curing light ≤ curcumin + gel + LED curing light ≤ standard PDT. CONCLUSION Similar disinfection effectiveness was obtained using curcumin + LED curing light and methylene blue + 660 nm LASER (standard PDT). The use of carbopol gel did not favour a greater transmission of LED light along the root canal and also resulted in less bacterial killing when used in endodontic PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- D F Oda
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - M A H Duarte
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - F B Andrade
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - L T Moriyama
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, Institute of Physics of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - V S Bagnato
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, Institute of Physics of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - I G de Moraes
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
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Carvalho MC, Zuolo ML, Arruda-Vasconcelos R, Marinho ACS, Louzada LM, Francisco PA, Pecorari VGA, Gomes BPFDA. Effectiveness of XP-Endo Finisher in the reduction of bacterial load in oval-shaped root canals. Braz Oral Res 2019; 33:e021. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2019.vol33.0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Pereira TC, da Silva Munhoz Vasconcelos LR, Graeff MSZ, Ribeiro MCM, Duarte MAH, de Andrade FB. Intratubular decontamination ability and physicochemical properties of calcium hydroxide pastes. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 23:1253-1262. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2549-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Rodrigues CT, de Andrade FB, de Vasconcelos LRSM, Midena RZ, Pereira TC, Kuga MC, Duarte MAH, Bernardineli N. Antibacterial properties of silver nanoparticles as a root canal irrigant against Enterococcus faecalis
biofilm and infected dentinal tubules. Int Endod J 2018; 51:901-911. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C. T. Rodrigues
- Department of Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials; Bauru School of Dentistry; University of São Paulo; Bauru Brazil
| | - F. B. de Andrade
- Department of Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials; Bauru School of Dentistry; University of São Paulo; Bauru Brazil
| | - L. R. S. M. de Vasconcelos
- Department of Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials; Bauru School of Dentistry; University of São Paulo; Bauru Brazil
| | - R. Z. Midena
- Department of Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials; Bauru School of Dentistry; University of São Paulo; Bauru Brazil
| | - T. C. Pereira
- Department of Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials; Bauru School of Dentistry; University of São Paulo; Bauru Brazil
| | - M. C. Kuga
- Department of Restorative Dentistry; Araraquara Dental School; UNESP - Paulista State University; Araraquara Brazil
| | - M. A. H. Duarte
- Department of Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials; Bauru School of Dentistry; University of São Paulo; Bauru Brazil
| | - N. Bernardineli
- Department of Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials; Bauru School of Dentistry; University of São Paulo; Bauru Brazil
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Alcalde MP, Bramante CM, Vivan RR, Amorso-Silva PA, Andrade FBD, Duarte MAH. Intradentinal antimicrobial action and filling quality promoted by ultrasonic agitation of epoxy resin-based sealer in endodontic obturation. J Appl Oral Sci 2018; 25:641-649. [PMID: 29211285 PMCID: PMC5701534 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2017-0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was evaluate the influence of ultrasonic activation (UA) of AH Plus to improve canal and isthmus filing, and analyse the antimicrobial effect against Enterococcus faecalis within dentinal tubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murilo Priori Alcalde
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Dentística, Endodontia e Materiais Odontológicos, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - Clóvis Monteiro Bramante
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Dentística, Endodontia e Materiais Odontológicos, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - Rodrigo Ricci Vivan
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Dentística, Endodontia e Materiais Odontológicos, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - Pablo Andrés Amorso-Silva
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Dentística, Endodontia e Materiais Odontológicos, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - Flaviana Bombarda de Andrade
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Dentística, Endodontia e Materiais Odontológicos, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - Marco Antonio Hungaro Duarte
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Dentística, Endodontia e Materiais Odontológicos, Bauru, SP, Brasil
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Estrela C, Costa E Silva R, Urban RC, Gonçalves PJ, Silva JA, Estrela CRA, Pecora JD, Peters OA. Demetallization of Enterococcus faecalis biofilm: a preliminary study. J Appl Oral Sci 2018; 26:e20170374. [PMID: 29451651 PMCID: PMC5815357 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2017-0374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To determine the concentration of calcium, iron, manganese and zinc ions after the application of chelator to Enterococcus faecalis biofilms. Material and Methods Fifty bovine maxillary central incisors were prepared and inoculated with E. faecalis for 60 days. The following were used as irrigation solutions: 17% EDTA (pH 3, 7 and 10), 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) combined with 17% EDTA (pH 3, 7 and 10), distilled water (pH 3, 7 and 10), and 2.5% NaOCl. Each solution was kept in the root canal for five minutes. Fifteen uncontaminated root canals were irrigated with 17% EDTA (pH 3, 7 and 10). Six teeth were used as bacterial control. The number of calcium, iron, manganese and zinc ions was determined using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Mean ± standard deviation (SD) values were used for descriptive statistics. Results Calcium chelation using 17% EDTA at pH 7 was higher than at pH 3 and 10, regardless of whether bacterial biofilm was present. The highest concentration of iron occurred at pH 3 in the presence of bacterial biofilm. The highest concentration of manganese found was 2.5% NaOCl and 17% EDTA at pH 7 in the presence of bacterial biofilm. Zinc levels were not detectable. Conclusions The pH of chelating agents affected the removal of calcium, iron, and manganese ions. The concentration of iron ions in root canals with bacterial biofilm was higher after the use of 17% EDTA at pH 3 than after the use of the other solutions at all pH levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Estrela
- Departamento de Ciências Estomatológicas, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil
| | | | - Roberta Cerasi Urban
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brasil
| | | | - Júlio A Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Estomatológicas, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil
| | - Cyntia R A Estrela
- Departamento de Ciências Estomatológicas, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil
| | - Jesus Djalma Pecora
- Departamento de Endodontia, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Ove A Peters
- Department of Endodontics, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, California, USA
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Vasconcelos LRSMD, Midena RZ, Minotti PG, Pereira TC, Duarte MAH, Andrade FBD. Effect of ultrasound streaming on the disinfection of flattened root canals prepared by rotary and reciprocating systems. J Appl Oral Sci 2017; 25:477-482. [PMID: 29069144 PMCID: PMC5804383 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2016-0358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
New technical and scientific developments have been advocated to promote the success of the endodontic treatment. In addition to rotary and reciprocating systems, irrigating solution agitation has been suggested and passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) is the most used. Objective: To evaluate, in vitro, the effect of ultrasound streaming (US) in the disinfection of flattened root canal systems prepared by the ProTaper, BioRaCe and Reciproc systems, utilizing the microbiological culture. Methodology: Extracted human mandibular incisors (n=84) were used. Suspensions of Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) were standardized and inserted along with the teeth immersed in brain-heart infusion (BHI) broth. The contamination was made following a protocol during 5 days. The teeth were randomly divided into six groups: G1, ProTaper Universal; G2, ProTaper Universal with US; G3, BioRaCe; G4, BioRaCe with US; G5, Reciproc; and G6, Reciproc with US. Irrigation was performed with saline solution. After biomechanical preparation, microbiological samples were performed with sterilized paper points, which were diluted and spread on BHI agar; after 48 h, the colony forming units (CFU/mL) were counted for each sample. Results: Groups using ultrasonic agitation presented a greater antibacterial effect than the other ones, even using saline solution as irrigant. The ProTaper Universal system showed the best antibacterial activity of the tested systems (median of 0 CFU/mL with and without surfactant or ultrasonic activation [PUI]). Even with PUI, Reciproc (median of 2.5 CFU/mL with PUI and 5 without it) could not reduce as many colonies as ProTaper Universal without US. The BioRaCe system had greater bacterial reduction when using US (median of 0 CFU/mL with PUI and 30 without it). Conclusions: US promoted greater reduction in the number of bacteria in the flattened root canals prepared with nickel-titanium mechanized systems. Regarding the instruments used, the ProTaper Universal system was the most effective in reducing the bacterial number.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raquel Zanin Midena
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Dentística, Endodontia e Materiais Odontológicos, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - Paloma Gagliardi Minotti
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Dentística, Endodontia e Materiais Odontológicos, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - Thais Cristina Pereira
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Dentística, Endodontia e Materiais Odontológicos, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - Marco Antonio Hungaro Duarte
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Dentística, Endodontia e Materiais Odontológicos, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - Flaviana Bombarda de Andrade
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Dentística, Endodontia e Materiais Odontológicos, Bauru, SP, Brasil
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Giardino L, Del Fabbro M, Cesario F, Fernandes FS, Andrade FB. Antimicrobial effectiveness of combinations of oxidant and chelating agents in infected dentine: an ex vivo
confocal laser scanning microscopy study. Int Endod J 2017; 51:448-456. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Giardino
- School of Dentistry; University of Catanzaro Magna Graecia; Catanzaro Italy
| | - M. Del Fabbro
- Department of Biomedical; Surgical and Dental Sciences; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milan Italy
- IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute; Milan Italy
| | - F. Cesario
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials; Bauru School of Dentistry; University of São Paulo; Bauru SP Brazil
| | - F. S. Fernandes
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials; Bauru School of Dentistry; University of São Paulo; Bauru SP Brazil
| | - F. B. Andrade
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials; Bauru School of Dentistry; University of São Paulo; Bauru SP Brazil
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Cavenago BC, del Carpio-Perochena AE, Ordinola-Zapata R, Estrela C, Garlet GP, Tanomaru-Filho M, Weckwerth PH, de Andrade FB, Duarte MAH. Effect of Using Different Vehicles on the Physicochemical, Antimicrobial, and Biological Properties of White Mineral Trioxide Aggregate. J Endod 2017; 43:779-786. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Arias MPC, Maliza AGA, Midena RZ, Graeff MSZ, Duarte MAH, Andrade FBD. Effect of ultrasonic streaming on intra-dentinal disinfection and penetration of calcium hydroxide paste in endodontic treatment. J Appl Oral Sci 2017; 24:575-581. [PMID: 28076462 PMCID: PMC5161256 DOI: 10.1590/1678-775720150553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The antimicrobial effect of ultrasonic agitation of calcium hydroxide (CH) pastes in infected bovine dentin and their penetrability were evaluated using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and microbiological culture. Material and Methods Fifty-two bovine teeth were infected with Enterococcus faecalis using a new contamination protocol; then they received CH paste and were divided into groups with or without ultrasound. Ultrasonic agitation was conducted for 1 min with a plain point insert. After 15 d, the CLSM analyzed the viable and dead bacteria with Live and Dead assay. The dentinal wall debris was collected by burs, and the colony forming units (CFU/mL) were counted. The penetrability of the paste inside dentinal tubules was tested using the B-rodamine dye. Results The calcium hydroxide paste showed better results with the use of ultrasonic agitation (p<0.05). Conclusion The ultrasonic agitation of CH paste increased its antimicrobial action and was responsible for intradentinal penetration with the fulfilment of the tubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Paola Castro Arias
- - Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Dentística, Endodontia e Materiais Odontológicos, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - Amanda Garcia Alves Maliza
- - Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Dentística, Endodontia e Materiais Odontológicos, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - Raquel Zanin Midena
- - Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Dentística, Endodontia e Materiais Odontológicos, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Marco Antonio Húngaro Duarte
- - Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Dentística, Endodontia e Materiais Odontológicos, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - Flaviana Bombarda de Andrade
- - Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Dentística, Endodontia e Materiais Odontológicos, Bauru, SP, Brasil
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Pereira TC, Vasconcelos LRSMD, Graeff MSZ, Duarte MAH, Bramante CM, Andrade FBD. Intratubular disinfection with tri-antibiotic and calcium hydroxide pastes. Acta Odontol Scand 2017; 75:87-93. [PMID: 27866468 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2016.1256427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare the in vitro intradentinal antimicrobial ability of the calcium hydroxide and tri-antibiotic pastes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Standard bovine dentin tubes were sterilized and then infected with Enterococcus faecalis by a new contamination protocol of great depths of dentin. The specimens were filled with the medications, divided into two test-groups: calcium hydroxide (Group 1) and tri-antibiotic (Group 2) pastes. After 15 days, the teeth were evaluated by microbiological culture and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) with viability dye assay LIVE/DEAD inside dentinal tubules. In experiment of culture, the bacterial collection of the dentin fragments was done for counting the colony-forming units. RESULTS The tri-antibiotic paste had a slightly greater antimicrobial effect; however, there was no statistical difference between the groups. CONCLUSIONS It was concluded that the tri-antibiotic paste and the calcium hydroxide paste exercise the same effect on intra-tubular decontamination against E. faecalis. So, due the multiples advantages, the calcium hydroxide paste can be the choice for dentinal decontamination in regenerative procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Cristina Pereira
- Department of Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Marcia Sirlene Zardin Graeff
- Department of Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Marco Antonio Hungaro Duarte
- Department of Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Clóvis Monteiro Bramante
- Department of Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Flaviana Bombarda De Andrade
- Department of Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
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Lei L, Shao M, Yang Y, Mao M, Yang Y, Hu T. Exopolysaccharide dispelled by calcium hydroxide with volatile vehicles related to bactericidal effect for root canal medication. J Appl Oral Sci 2016; 24:487-495. [PMID: 27812619 PMCID: PMC5083026 DOI: 10.1590/1678-775720160014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Enterococcus faecalis is the dominant microbial species responsible for persistent apical periodontitis with ability to deeply penetrate into the dentin. Exopolysaccharides (EPS) contribute to the pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance of E. faecalis. Our aim was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of calcium hydroxide (CH), camphorated parachlorophenol (CMCP), and chlorhexidine (CHX) against E. faecalis in dentinal tubules. Material and Methods: Decoronated single-canal human teeth and semicylindrical dentin blocks were incubated with E. faecalis for 3 weeks. Samples were randomly assigned to six medication groups for 1 week (n=10 per group): CH + 40% glycerin-water solution (1:1, wt/vol); CMCP; 2% CHX; CH + CMCP (1:1, wt/vol); CH + CMCP (2:3, wt/vol); and saline. Bacterial samples were collected and assayed for colony-forming units. After dentin blocks were split longitudinally, confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to assess the proportion of viable bacteria and EPS production in dentin. Results: CMCP exhibited the best antimicrobial activity, while CH was the least sensitive against E. faecalis (p<0.05). CHX showed similar antimicrobial properties to CH + CMCP (1:1, wt/vol) (p>0.05). CH combined with CMCP inhibited EPS synthesis by E. faecalis, which sensitized biofilms to antibacterial substances. Moreover, increasing concentrations of CMCP decreased EPS matrix formation, which effectively sensitized biofilms to disinfection agents. Conclusion: The EPS matrix dispelled by CH paste with CMCP may be related to its bactericidal effect; the visualization and analysis of EPS formation and microbial colonization in dentin may be a useful approach to verify medicaments for antimicrobial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Lei
- Sichuan University, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan, China.,The Forsyth Institute, Department of Microbiology, Cambridge, United States
| | - Meiying Shao
- Sichuan University, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Sichuan University, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan, China
| | - Mengying Mao
- Sichuan University, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan, China
| | - Yingming Yang
- Sichuan University, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Hu
- Sichuan University, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan, China.,Sichuan University, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Sichuan, China
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