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Bernardes CP, Lopes Pinheiro E, Ferreira IG, de Oliveira IS, dos Santos NAG, Sampaio SV, Arantes EC, dos Santos AC. Fraction of C. d. collilineatus venom containing crotapotin protects PC12 cells against MPP + toxicity by activating the NGF-signaling pathway. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2024; 30:e20230056. [PMID: 38915449 PMCID: PMC11194915 DOI: 10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-2023-0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease. There is no effective treatment for neurodegenerative diseases. Snake venoms are a cocktail of proteins and peptides with great therapeutic potential and might be useful in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Crotapotin is the acid chain of crotoxin, the major component of Crotalus durissus collilineatus venom. PD is characterized by low levels of neurotrophins, and synaptic and axonal degeneration; therefore, neurotrophic compounds might delay the progression of PD. The neurotrophic potential of crotapotin has not been studied yet. Methods We evaluated the neurotrophic potential of crotapotin in untreated PC12 cells, by assessing the induction of neurite outgrowth. The activation of the NGF signaling pathway was investigated through pharmacological inhibition of its main modulators. Additionally, its neuroprotective and neurorestorative effects were evaluated by assessing neurite outgrowth and cell viability in PC12 cells treated with the dopaminergic neurotoxin MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium), known to induce Parkinsonism in humans and animal models. Results Crotapotin induced neuritogenesis in PC12 cells through the NGF-signaling pathway, more specifically, by activating the NGF-selective receptor trkA, and the PI3K/Akt and the MAPK/ERK cascades, which are involved in neuronal survival and differentiation. In addition, crotapotin had no cytotoxic effect and protected PC12 cells against the inhibitory effects of MPP+ on cell viability and differentiation. Conclusion These findings show, for the first time, that crotapotin has neurotrophic/neuroprotective/neurorestorative potential and might be beneficial in Parkinson's disease. Additional studies are necessary to evaluate the toxicity of crotapotin in other cell models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Petri Bernardes
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Science, School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP),
Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ernesto Lopes Pinheiro
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP,
Brazil
| | - Isabela Gobbo Ferreira
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP,
Brazil
| | - Isadora Sousa de Oliveira
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP,
Brazil
| | - Neife Aparecida Guinaim dos Santos
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Science, School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP),
Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Suely Vilela Sampaio
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Science, School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP),
Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Eliane Candiani Arantes
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP,
Brazil
| | - Antonio Cardozo dos Santos
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Science, School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP),
Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Galizio NC, Moraes-Santos LS, Yabunaka AC, Demico PJ, Torres-Bonilla KA, Varón JCG, Silva NJD, Tanaka-Azevedo AM, Rocha MMTD, Hyslop S, Floriano RS, Morais-Zani KD. Biochemical and toxicological profiles of venoms from an adult female South American bushmaster (Lachesis muta rhombeata) and her offspring. Toxicon 2024; 241:107680. [PMID: 38452976 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we compared the biochemical and toxicological profiles of venoms from an adult female specimen of Lachesis muta rhombeata (South American bushmaster) and her seven offspring born in captivity, based on SDS-PAGE, RP-HPLC, enzymatic, coagulant, and hemorrhagic assays. Although adult and juvenile venoms showed comparable SDS-PAGE profiles, juveniles lacked some chromatographic peaks compared with adult venom. Adult venom had higher proteolytic (caseinolytic) activity than juvenile venoms (p < 0.05), but there were no significant inter-venom variations in the esterase, PLA2, phosphodiesterase and L-amino acid oxidase (LAAO) activities, although the latter activity was highly variable among the venoms. Juveniles displayed higher coagulant activity on human plasma, with a minimum coagulant dose ∼42% lower than the adult venom (p < 0.05), but there were no age-related differences in thrombin-like activity. Adult venom was more fibrinogenolytic (based on the rate of fibrinogen chain degradation) and hemorrhagic than juvenile venoms (p < 0.05). The effective dose of Bothrops/Lachesis antivenom (produced by the Instituto Butantan) needed to neutralize the coagulant activity was ∼57% greater for juvenile venoms (p < 0.05), whereas antivenom did not attenuate the thrombin-like activity of juvenile and adult venoms. Antivenom significantly reduced the hemorrhagic activity of adult venom (400 μg/kg, i. d.), but not that of juvenile venoms. Overall, these data indicate a compositional and functional ontogenetic shift in L. m. rhombeata venom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathália C Galizio
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Interunits Graduate Program in Biotechnology, University of São Paulo, Butantan Institute and Technological Research Institute of the State of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Herpetology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Laura S Moraes-Santos
- Laboratory of Toxinology and Cardiovascular Research, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana C Yabunaka
- Laboratory of Toxinology and Cardiovascular Research, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Poliana J Demico
- Laboratory of Toxinology and Cardiovascular Research, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Kristian A Torres-Bonilla
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Julian C G Varón
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Nelson J da Silva
- Graduate Program in Environmental Sciences and Health, School of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás (PUC-GO), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Anita M Tanaka-Azevedo
- Interunits Graduate Program in Biotechnology, University of São Paulo, Butantan Institute and Technological Research Institute of the State of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Herpetology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marisa M Teixeira da Rocha
- Interunits Graduate Program in Biotechnology, University of São Paulo, Butantan Institute and Technological Research Institute of the State of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Stephen Hyslop
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael S Floriano
- Laboratory of Toxinology and Cardiovascular Research, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Karen de Morais-Zani
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Interunits Graduate Program in Biotechnology, University of São Paulo, Butantan Institute and Technological Research Institute of the State of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Herpetology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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3
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da Silva WRGB, de Siqueira Santos L, Lira D, de Oliveira Luna KP, Fook SML, Alves RRN. Who are the most affected by Bothrops snakebite envenoming in Brazil? A Clinical-epidemiological profile study among the regions of the country. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011708. [PMID: 37856557 PMCID: PMC10617728 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Snakebite envenoming represents an important Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD) that mainly affects tropical and subtropical developing countries according to the World Health Organization (WHO). As a priority issue in the tropics, it is estimated that accidental encounter between snakes and humans is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among all NTDs in the world. In Brazil, an extremely diverse country with continental dimensions, snakebite envenoming is the second leading cause of reported human envenoming. Treating the disease has been an unprecedented challenge for Brazilian Health Systems for decades. Despite access to Antivenom therapy and distributing it free of charge across the country, Brazil faces numerous issues regarding the notification process and accurate treatment targeting for at-risk populations. Thus, this study aimed to identify the temporal epidemiological dynamics of accidents caused by Bothrops snakes in Brazil, the country's major group of venomous snakes, based on secondary information from the online database provided by The Brazilian Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN). For this purpose, reported Bothrops snakebites between 2012 and 2021 were counted, then the data were analyzed. We looked at the frequency, occurrence, mortality rates, case fatality rate (CFR), age and gender distribution, and the time lapse between the incident and the initiation of Antivenom therapy. The data were also organized considering regional variations of the country. Throughout the studied period, a total of 202,604 cases of envenoming caused by Bothrops spp. were notified, resulting in 766 fatalities. These accidents were found to occur in variable proportions across different regions in Brazil, with notable concentrations observed in the North, Northeast, and Southeast regions. The epidemiological profile of patients varied greatly between the regions, revealing that snake envenoming is much more a social, economic, and ecological problem than a medical one. In conclusion, our study provides an overview of the clinical and epidemiological profile of envenoming by Bothrops snakes in Brazil. Notably, this is the first study to present such information in a country as vast and diverse as Brazil, encompassing a comparative analysis of its regions using SINAN data, that proves to be a very useful national tool to improve the control and management of envenoming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weslley Ruan Guimarães Borges da Silva
- Department of Biology, Center of Biological and Health Sciences, Paraíba State University, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Lucas de Siqueira Santos
- Graduate Program in Geodetic Sciences and Geoinformation Technologies, Department of Cartographic Engineering, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Derick Lira
- Department of Biology, Center of Biological and Health Sciences, Paraíba State University, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Ecology and Conservation, Department of Biology, Paraíba State University, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Karla Patrícia de Oliveira Luna
- Department of Biology, Center of Biological and Health Sciences, Paraíba State University, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Science Teaching and Mathematics Education, Department of Biology, Paraíba State University, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Sayonara Maria Lia Fook
- Graduate Program in Public Health, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Paraíba, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Rômulo Romeu Nóbrega Alves
- Department of Biology, Center of Biological and Health Sciences, Paraíba State University, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Ecology and Conservation, Department of Biology, Paraíba State University, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Ethnobiology and Nature Conservation, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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de Souza J, Oliveira IC, Yoshida EH, Cantuaria NM, Cogo JC, Torres-Bonilla KA, Hyslop S, Silva Junior NJ, Floriano RS, Gutiérrez JM, Oshima-Franco Y. Effect of the phospholipase A2 inhibitor Varespladib, and its synergism with crotalic antivenom, on the neuromuscular blockade induced by Crotalus durissus terrificus venom (with and without crotamine) in mouse neuromuscular preparations. Toxicon 2022; 214:54-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Melo Araújo SC, Ceron K, Guedes TB. Use of geospatial analyses to address snakebite hotspots in mid-northern Brazil - A direction to health planning in shortfall biodiversity knowledge areas. Toxicon 2022; 213:43-51. [PMID: 35390425 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Knowing the distribution of venomous snakes of medical importance is essential to identify areas at risk for snakebites. Thus, we used an integrative approach based on the application of geographic distribution data of venomous snakes, species distribution modeling (SDM), spatial organization of snakebites, and information on human population density for mapping the potential distribution of snakes and identifying areas at risk of snakebites in the state of Maranhão (mid-northern Brazil). From a compiled a database of venomous snake records deposited in biological collections and the literature, we predict the potential distribution of venomous snakes in Maranhão, a state whose diversity and geographic distribution of venomous snake species are poorly known. With this, we constructed potential distribution maps for each venomous snake species with at least one occurrence record within state boundaries, as well as generalized maps by family (Viperidae and Elapidae) and the total number of venomous snakes in Maranhão State. We also obtained data on the number of snakebites recorded in each municipality of Maranhão over a decade (2009-2019) and we ran a Generalized Linear Model to test for relationships between the number of venomous snakebites, the area of occurrence of snakes, and human population density. We obtained 1046 records of venomous snake species for Maranhão, represented by 17 viperid and elapid species. Most of the records were from Viperidae (mostly Bothrops atrox and B. marajoensis) and were concentrated mainly in the Amazonia of the northern portion of the state. The models showed accurate predictive performance for all modeled species. The entire area of Maranhão exhibits environmental conditions for the occurrence of venomous snakes, with higher suitability indices in the northern region, in the Amazon rainforest. The number of snakebites was positively correlated with high-risk areas (i.e., greater distribution of venomous snakes) and human population density. Our study is a pioneer in using species distribution modeling in mid-northern Brazil to address the scarcity of data on snakebite-causing species, directly contributing to the theme of neglected tropical diseases of the World Health Organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sâmia Caroline Melo Araújo
- Universidade Estadual Do Maranhão, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biodiversidade, Ambiente e Saúde, Caxias, MA, 65604-380, Brazil
| | - Karoline Ceron
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia, 13083-872, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Thaís B Guedes
- Universidade Estadual Do Maranhão, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biodiversidade, Ambiente e Saúde, Caxias, MA, 65604-380, Brazil; University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Center and Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Box 461, SE-405-30, Göteborg, Sweden.
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6
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Damm M, Hempel BF, Süssmuth RD. Old World Vipers-A Review about Snake Venom Proteomics of Viperinae and Their Variations. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13060427. [PMID: 34204565 PMCID: PMC8235416 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13060427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fine-tuned by millions of years of evolution, snake venoms have frightened but also fascinated humanity and nowadays they constitute potential resources for drug development, therapeutics and antivenoms. The continuous progress of mass spectrometry techniques and latest advances in proteomics workflows enabled toxinologists to decipher venoms by modern omics technologies, so-called ‘venomics’. A tremendous upsurge reporting on snake venom proteomes could be observed. Within this review we focus on the highly venomous and widely distributed subfamily of Viperinae (Serpentes: Viperidae). A detailed public literature database search was performed (2003–2020) and we extensively reviewed all compositional venom studies of the so-called Old-World Vipers. In total, 54 studies resulted in 89 venom proteomes. The Viperinae venoms are dominated by four major, four secondary, six minor and several rare toxin families and peptides, respectively. The multitude of different venomics approaches complicates the comparison of venom composition datasets and therefore we differentiated between non-quantitative and three groups of quantitative workflows. The resulting direct comparisons within these groups show remarkable differences on the intra- and interspecies level across genera with a focus on regional differences. In summary, the present compilation is the first comprehensive up-to-date database on Viperinae venom proteomes and differentiating between analytical methods and workflows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maik Damm
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Benjamin-Florian Hempel
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, (BCRT), 10117 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Roderich D. Süssmuth
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)30-314-24205
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Pucca MB, Bernarde PS, Rocha AM, Viana PF, Farias RES, Cerni FA, Oliveira IS, Ferreira IG, Sandri EA, Sachett J, Wen FH, Sampaio V, Laustsen AH, Sartim MA, Monteiro WM. Crotalus Durissus Ruruima: Current Knowledge on Natural History, Medical Importance, and Clinical Toxinology. Front Immunol 2021; 12:659515. [PMID: 34168642 PMCID: PMC8219050 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.659515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Crotalus durissus ruruima is a rattlesnake subspecies mainly found in Roraima, the northernmost state of Brazil. Envenomings caused by this subspecies lead to severe clinical manifestations (e.g. respiratory muscle paralysis, rhabdomyolysis, and acute renal failure) that can lead to the victim’s death. In this review, we comprehensively describe C. d. ruruima biology and the challenges this subspecies poses for human health, including morphology, distribution, epidemiology, venom cocktail, clinical envenoming, and the current and future specific treatment of envenomings by this snake. Moreover, this review presents maps of the distribution of the snake subspecies and evidence that this species is responsible for some of the most severe envenomings in the country and causes the highest lethality rates. Finally, we also discuss the efficacy of the Brazilian horse-derived antivenoms to treat C. d. ruruima envenomings in Roraima state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela B Pucca
- Medical School, Federal University of Roraima, Boa Vista, Brazil
| | - Paulo Sérgio Bernarde
- Laboratório de Herpetologia, Centro Multidisciplinar, Universidade Federal do Acre, Cruzeiro do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Patrik F Viana
- National Institute of Amazonian Research, Biodiversity Coordination, Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Raimundo Erasmo Souza Farias
- National Institute of Amazonian Research, Biodiversity Coordination, Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Felipe A Cerni
- Medical School, Federal University of Roraima, Boa Vista, Brazil.,Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Isadora S Oliveira
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Isabela G Ferreira
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Eliseu A Sandri
- Insikiram Institute of Indigenous Higher Studies, Federal University of Roraima, Boa Vista, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Sachett
- Department of Medicine and Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Amazonas State University, Manaus, Brazil.,Department of Teaching and Research, Alfredo da Matta Foundation, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Fan Hui Wen
- Antivenom Production Section, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanderson Sampaio
- Department of Teaching and Research, Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Andreas H Laustsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Marco A Sartim
- Department of Teaching and Research, Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation, Manaus, Brazil.,Institute of Biological Sciences, Amazonas Federal University, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Wuelton M Monteiro
- Department of Medicine and Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Amazonas State University, Manaus, Brazil.,Department of Teaching and Research, Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation, Manaus, Brazil
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