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Berglund G, Lennon CD, Badu P, Berglund JA, Pager CT. Zika virus infection in a cell culture model reflects the transcriptomic signatures in patients. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.25.595842. [PMID: 38826459 PMCID: PMC11142252 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.25.595842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV), a re-emerging flavivirus, is associated with devasting developmental and neurological disease outcomes particularly in infants infected in utero. Towards understanding the molecular underpinnings of the unique ZIKV disease pathologies, numerous transcriptome-wide studies have been undertaken. Notably, these studies have overlooked the assimilation of RNA-seq analysis from ZIKV-infected patients with cell culture model systems. In this study we find that ZIKV-infection of human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells, mirrored both the transcriptional and alternative splicing profiles from previously published RNA-seq data of peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected from pediatric patients during early acute, late acute, and convalescent phases of ZIKV infection. Our analyses show that ZIKV infection in cultured cells correlates with transcriptional changes in patients, while the overlap in alternative splicing profiles was not as extensive. Overall, our data indicate that cell culture model systems support dissection of select molecular changes detected in patients and establishes the groundwork for future studies elucidating the biological implications of alternative splicing during ZIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Berglund
- RNA Institute, College of Arts and Sciences, University at Albany-SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Claudia D. Lennon
- RNA Institute, College of Arts and Sciences, University at Albany-SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Pheonah Badu
- RNA Institute, College of Arts and Sciences, University at Albany-SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University at Albany-SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - J. Andrew Berglund
- RNA Institute, College of Arts and Sciences, University at Albany-SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University at Albany-SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Cara T. Pager
- RNA Institute, College of Arts and Sciences, University at Albany-SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University at Albany-SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA
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Minatel VM, Prudencio CR, Barraviera B, Ferreira RS. Nanobodies: a promising approach to treatment of viral diseases. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1303353. [PMID: 38322011 PMCID: PMC10844482 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1303353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Since their discovery in the 1990s, heavy chain antibodies have garnered significant interest in the scientific community. These antibodies, found in camelids such as llamas and alpacas, exhibit distinct characteristics from conventional antibodies due to the absence of a light chain in their structure. Furthermore, they possess a single antigen-binding domain known as VHH or Nanobody (Nb). With a small size of approximately 15 kDa, these Nbs demonstrate improved characteristics compared to conventional antibodies, including greater physicochemical stability and enhanced biodistribution, enabling them to bind inaccessible epitopes more effectively. As a result, Nbs have found numerous applications in various medical and veterinary fields, particularly in diagnostics and therapeutics. Advances in biotechnology have made the production of recombinant antibodies feasible and compatible with large-scale manufacturing. Through the construction of immune phage libraries that display VHHs and subsequent selection through biopanning, it has become possible to isolate specific Nbs targeting pharmaceutical targets of interest, such as viruses. This review describes the processes involved in nanobody production, from hyperimmunization to purification, with the aim of their application in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitória Meneghetti Minatel
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP—Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Benedito Barraviera
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP—Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University (UNESP—Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rui Seabra Ferreira
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP—Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University (UNESP—Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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Combining Immunoassays to Identify Zika Virus Infection in Dengue-Endemic Areas. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 7:tropicalmed7100254. [PMID: 36287995 PMCID: PMC9610724 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7100254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that has recently emerged as a global health threat. The rise in ZIKV infections has driven an increased incidence of neonates born with microcephaly or other neurological malformations. Therefore, screening for ZIKV infection can considerably impact pregnant women, especially during the first trimester. The majority of ZIKV infections are mild or asymptomatic, and clinical diagnosis is inaccurate. Moreover, given the high level of cross-reactivity among flaviviruses, serological approaches to distinguish ZIKV from dengue virus (DENV) infections are complicated. We used the combination of DENV and ZIKV nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and ZIKV NS1 blockade-of-binding (BOB) ELISA to test the convalescent sera of non-flavivirus, primary DENV, secondary DENV, and ZIKV infections. Our findings indicate that primary testing using a ZIKV NS1 IgG ELISA, the test of choice for large-scale ZIKV serosurvey studies, provided relatively high sensitivity. Moreover, the confirmation of positive ELISA results using the ZIKV NS1 BOB ELISA increased average specificity to 94.59% across serum samples. The combined use of two simple ELISAs for ZIKV serosurveys and the monitoring of ZIKV infection during pregnancy can elucidate the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and complications of ZIKV in DENV-endemic areas.
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Yadav PD, Kaur H, Gupta N, Sahay RR, Sapkal GN, Shete AM, Deshpande GR, Mohandas S, Majumdar T, Patil S, Pandit P, Kumar A, Nyayanit DA, Sreelatha KH, Manjusree S, Sami H, Khan HM, Malhotra A, Dhingra K, Gadepalli R, Sudha Rani V, Singh MK, Joshi Y, Dudhmal M, Duggal N, Chabbra M, Dar L, Gawande P, Yemul J, Kalele K, Arjun R, Nagamani K, Borkakoty B, Sahoo G, Praharaj I, Dutta S, Barde P, Jaryal SC, Rawat V. Zika a Vector Borne Disease Detected in Newer States of India Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:888195. [PMID: 35756041 PMCID: PMC9226610 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.888195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background During the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, outbreaks of Zika were reported from Kerala, Uttar Pradesh, and Maharashtra, India in 2021. The Dengue and Chikungunya negative samples were retrospectively screened to determine the presence of the Zika virus from different geographical regions of India. Methods During May to October 2021, the clinical samples of 1475 patients, across 13 states and a union territory of India were screened and re-tested for Dengue, Chikungunya and Zika by CDC Trioplex Real time RT-PCR. The Zika rRTPCR positive samples were further screened with anti-Zika IgM and Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test. Next generation sequencing was used for further molecular characterization. Results The positivity was observed for Zika (67), Dengue (121), and Chikungunya (10) amongst screened cases. The co-infections of Dengue/Chikungunya, Dengue/Zika, and Dengue/Chikungunya/Zika were also observed. All Zika cases were symptomatic with fever (84%) and rash (78%) as major presenting symptoms. Of them, four patients had respiratory distress, one presented with seizures, and one with suspected microcephaly at birth. The Asian Lineage of Zika and all four serotypes of Dengue were found in circulation. Conclusion Our study indicates the spread of the Zika virus to several states of India and an urgent need to strengthen its surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya D Yadav
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | - Harmanmeet Kaur
- Indian Council of Medical Research, V. Ramalingaswami Bhawan, New Delhi, India
| | - Nivedita Gupta
- Indian Council of Medical Research, V. Ramalingaswami Bhawan, New Delhi, India
| | - Rima R Sahay
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | - Gajanan N Sapkal
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | - Anita M Shete
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | - Gururaj R Deshpande
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | | | - Triparna Majumdar
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | - Savita Patil
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | - Priyanka Pandit
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | - Abhinendra Kumar
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | - Dimpal A Nyayanit
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | - K H Sreelatha
- Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - S Manjusree
- Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Hiba Sami
- Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh, India
| | - Haris Mazoor Khan
- Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh, India
| | - Anuradha Malhotra
- Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Government Medical College, Amritsar, India
| | - Kanwardeep Dhingra
- Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Government Medical College, Amritsar, India
| | - Ravisekhar Gadepalli
- Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - V Sudha Rani
- Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Osmania Medical College Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Singh
- Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, India
| | - Yash Joshi
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | - Manisha Dudhmal
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | - Nandini Duggal
- Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences & Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Mala Chabbra
- Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences & Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Lalit Dar
- Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Pranita Gawande
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | - Jyoti Yemul
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | - Kaumudi Kalele
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | | | - K Nagamani
- Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Gandhi Medical College, Secunderabad, India
| | - Biswa Borkakoty
- Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Dibrugarh, India
| | - Ganesh Sahoo
- Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, ICMR-Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| | - Ira Praharaj
- Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Shanta Dutta
- Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Pradip Barde
- Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute of Research in Tribal Health, Jabalpur, India
| | - S C Jaryal
- Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College, Tanda, India
| | - Vinita Rawat
- Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Government Medical College, Haldwani, India
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Prates JWO, Xisto MF, Rodrigues JVDS, Colombari JPC, Meira JMA, Dias RS, da Silva CC, de Paula ESO. Zika Virus Envelope Protein Domain III Produced in K. phaffii Has the Potential for Diagnostic Applications. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12051198. [PMID: 35626353 PMCID: PMC9139701 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12051198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) represents a global human health threat and it is related to severe diseases such as congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) and Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). There is no vaccine available nor specific antiviral treatment, so developing sensitive, specific, and low-cost diagnostic tests is necessary. Thus, the objective of this work was to produce the Zika virus envelope protein domain III (ZIKV-EDIII) in Komagataella phaffii KM71H and evaluate its potential for diagnostic applications. After the K. phaffii had been transformed with the pPICZαA-ZIKV-EDIII vector, an SDS-PAGE and Western Blot were performed to characterize the recombinant protein and an ELISA to evaluate the antigenic potential. The results show that ZIKV-EDIII was produced in the expected size, with a good purity grade and yield of 2.58 mg/L. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed 90% sensitivity and 87.5% specificity for IgM, and 93.33% sensitivity and 82.76% specificity for IgG. The ZIKV-EDIII protein was efficiently produced in K. phaffi, and it has the potential for diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Willians Oliveira Prates
- Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (J.W.O.P.); (J.V.d.S.R.); (C.C.d.S.)
| | - Mariana Fonseca Xisto
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunovirology, Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (M.F.X.); (R.S.D.)
| | - João Vitor da Silva Rodrigues
- Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (J.W.O.P.); (J.V.d.S.R.); (C.C.d.S.)
| | - João Pedro Cruz Colombari
- Department of Medicine and Nursing, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (J.P.C.C.); (J.M.A.M.)
| | - Júlia Maria Alves Meira
- Department of Medicine and Nursing, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (J.P.C.C.); (J.M.A.M.)
| | - Roberto Sousa Dias
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunovirology, Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (M.F.X.); (R.S.D.)
| | - Cynthia Canedo da Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (J.W.O.P.); (J.V.d.S.R.); (C.C.d.S.)
| | - e Sérgio Oliveira de Paula
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunovirology, Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (M.F.X.); (R.S.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-31-36125015
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New insights into the recombinant proteins and monoclonal antibodies employed to immunodiagnosis and control of Zika virus infection: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 200:139-150. [PMID: 34998869 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
An emergent positive-stranded RNA virus, transmitted by mosquitoes with its first case of vertical transmission confirmed in 2015 in Brazil. The Zika virus (ZIKV) fever has received particular attention, mainly related to neurological diseases such as microcephaly in newborns. However, the laboratory diagnosis for ZIKV still faces some challenges due to its cross-reactivity with other flaviviruses, requiring a correct and differential diagnosis, contributing to the good prognosis of patients, especially in pregnant women. Among these, for early diagnosis, the CDC considers the RT-PCR the gold standard, more sensitive and specific, but expensive. Serological tests for the diagnosis of ZIKV can also be found beyond the period when the viral components are detectable in the serum. Inputs to produce more sensitive and specific diagnostic kits and the possibility of viral detection in less invasive samples are among the objectives of recent research on ZIKV. This review outlines recent advances in developing recombinant antigen and antibody-based diagnostic tools for the main flaviviruses in Northeast Brazil, such as ZIKV and Dengue virus (DENV).
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Vue D, Tang Q. Zika Virus Overview: Transmission, Origin, Pathogenesis, Animal Model and Diagnosis. ZOONOSES (BURLINGTON, MASS.) 2021; 1:10.15212/zoonoses-2021-0017. [PMID: 34957474 PMCID: PMC8698461 DOI: 10.15212/zoonoses-2021-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) was first discovered in 1947 in Uganda. ZIKV did not entice much attention until Brazil hosted the 2016 Summer Olympics Game, where ZIKV attracted a global audience. ZIKV is a flavivirus that can be transmitted chiefly through the biting of the mosquito or sexually or by breastfeeding at a lower scale. As time passed, the recent discovery of how the ZIKV causes congenital neurodevelopmental defects, including microcephaly, makes us reevaluate the importance of ZIKV interaction with centrosome organization because centrosome plays an important role in cell division. When the ZIKV disrupts centrosome organization and mitotic abnormalities, this will alter neural progenitor differentiation. Altering the neural progenitor differentiation will lead to cell cycle arrest, increase apoptosis, and inhibit the neural progenitor cell differentiation, as this can lead to abnormalities in neural cell development resulting in microcephaly. Understanding the importance of ZIKV infection throughout the years, this review article gives an overview of the history, transmission routes, pathogenesis, animal models, and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dallas Vue
- Department of Microbiology, Howard University College of Medicine, 520 W Street NW Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Qiyi Tang
- Department of Microbiology, Howard University College of Medicine, 520 W Street NW Washington, DC 20059, USA
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Jayachandran B, Chanda K, Balamurali MM. Overview of Pathogenesis, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics of Infectious Diseases: Dengue and Zika. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:22487-22496. [PMID: 34514221 PMCID: PMC8427640 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of more virulent SARS virus has made scientists look back at other so-called neglected diseases such as dengue, Zika, and chikungunya, etc. Until recently these neglected diseases have not received much attention for their control or elimination from society. Over the past decade several attempts to investigate the pathogenicity, diagnostic, and therapeutic strategies for flavivirus caused diseases have been made. Herein we have reviewed the progress made toward the detection and treatment of two diseases-dengue and Zika. The above flavivirus related pathogenesis is concerned with the host immune system and known to be mediated through various receptors along with antibody-mediated disease enhancement. Moreover, researchers have been progressing toward discovering new drugs and therapeutic methods that target various stages of the flavivirus life cycle to minimize the above caused mortality and morbidity. The available diagnostics are based on serological, small molecule detection systems and point-of-care sensing devices. In this work, we have reviewed the advancements made toward understanding the pathogenesis, diagnostics, and therapeutics of the viral diseases caused by dengue and Zika.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brindha Jayachandran
- Chemistry
Division, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore
Institute of Technology, Chennai Campus, Vandalur-Kelambakkam Road, Chennai 600 127, Tamil
Nadu, India
| | - Kaushik Chanda
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
- (K.C.)
| | - Musuvathi Motilal Balamurali
- Chemistry
Division, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore
Institute of Technology, Chennai Campus, Vandalur-Kelambakkam Road, Chennai 600 127, Tamil
Nadu, India
- (M.M.B.)
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