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Kou M, Jiao Y, Li Z, Wei B, Li Y, Cai Y, Wei W. Real-world safety and effectiveness of pirfenidone and nintedanib in the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2024; 80:1445-1460. [PMID: 38963453 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-024-03720-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Multiple randomized controlled studies have shown that pirfenidone and nintedanib are effective and safe for treating idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. This study aimed to evaluate their efficacy, safety, and tolerability in a real-world setting. METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases for real-world studies published up to March 3, 2023, on pirfenidone and nintedanib for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. RESULTS A total of 74 studies with 23,119 participants were included. After 12 months of treatment, the change from baseline in percent predicted FVC (%FVC) was - 0.75% for pirfenidone and - 1.43% for nintedanib. The change from baseline in percent predicted DLCO (%DCLO) was - 2.32% for pirfenidone and - 3.95% for nintedanib. The incidence of acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (AE-IPF) was 12.5% for pirfenidone and 14.4% for nintedanib. The IPF-related mortality rates of pirfenidone and nintedanib were 13.4% and 7.2%, respectively. The all-cause mortality was 20.1% for pirfenidone and 16.6% for nintedanib. In the pirfenidone group, 16.6% of patients discontinued treatment because of adverse events, and in the nintedanib group, 16.2% of patients discontinued treatment because of adverse events. The incidence of adverse events was 56.4% and 69.7% for pirfenidone and nintedanib, respectively. CONCLUSION The results of this study indicate that pirfenidone and nintedanib are both effective in slowing down the decline of lung function in IPF patients in real-world settings. The incidence of adverse events with pirfenidone is lower than that with nintedanib, but both are below the clinical trial data, and no new major adverse events have been observed. The discontinuation rates due to adverse reactions of the two drugs are consistent with clinical trial data, indicating good tolerability. However, the mortality rates and AE-IPF incidence rates of these two drugs in real-world settings are higher than those in previous clinical trials, with pirfenidone patients showing a higher mortality rate. Further large-sample studies are needed to investigate the risks of these drugs in these aspects. Additionally, we recommend that future real-world studies pay more attention to patients' subjective symptoms and conduct stratified analyses of the efficacy and safety of pirfenidone and nintedanib based on factors such as patients' baseline lung function, comorbidities, and age, in order to provide more personalized medication advice for IPF patients in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjia Kou
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- Department of Respiration, Dongfang Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100078, China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Bin Wei
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yang Li
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yaodong Cai
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wan Wei
- Department of Respiration, Dongfang Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100078, China.
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Yu WC, Yeh TY, Ye CH, Chong PCT, Ho YH, So DK, Yap KY, Peng GR, Shao CH, Jagtap AD, Chern JW, Lin CS, Lin SP, Lin SL, Yu SH, Yu CW. Discovery of HDAC6, HDAC8, and 6/8 Inhibitors and Development of Cell-Based Drug Screening Models for the Treatment of TGF-β-Induced Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. J Med Chem 2023; 66:10528-10557. [PMID: 37463500 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is incurable, and its progression is difficult to control and thus can lead to pulmonary deterioration. Pan-histone deacetylase inhibitors such as SAHA have shown potential for modulating pulmonary fibrosis yet with off-target effects. Therefore, selective HDAC inhibitors would be beneficial for reducing side effects. Toward this goal, we designed and synthesized 24 novel HDAC6, HDAC8, or dual HDAC6/8 inhibitors and established a two-stage screening platform to rapidly screen for HDAC inhibitors that effectively mitigate TGF-β-induced pulmonary fibrosis. The first stage consisted of a mouse NIH-3T3 fibroblast prescreen and yielded five hits. In the second stage, human pulmonary fibroblasts (HPFs) were used, and four out of the five hits were tested for caco-2 permeability and liver microsome stability to give two potential leads: J27644 (15) and 20. This novel two-stage screen platform will accelerate the discovery and reduce the cost of developing HDAC inhibitors to mitigate TGF-β-induced pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chieh Yu
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Yu Yeh
- National Taiwan University, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Ye
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | | | - Yi-Hsun Ho
- National Taiwan University, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Dorothy Kazuno So
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Kah Yi Yap
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Ru Peng
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsuan Shao
- National Taiwan University, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Ajit Dhananjay Jagtap
- National Taiwan University, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Wang Chern
- National Taiwan University, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Si Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Shau-Ping Lin
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Center of Systems Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- The Research Center of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Shuei-Liong Lin
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Department of Integrated Diagnostics & Therapeutics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Han Yu
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Wu Yu
- National Taiwan University, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
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Majewski S, Białas AJ, Barczyk A, Batura-Gabryel H, Buchczyk M, Doboszyńska A, Górska K, Grabowska-Skudlarz L, Jagielska-Len H, Jarzemska A, Jassem E, Jastrzębski D, Kania A, Koprowski M, Krawczyk M, Krenke R, Lewandowska K, Mackiewicz B, Martusewicz-Boros MM, Milanowski J, Noceń-Piskorowska M, Nowicka A, Roszkowski-Śliż K, Siemińska A, Sładek K, Sobiecka M, Stachura T, Tomczak M, Tomkowski W, Trzaska-Sobczak M, Ziora D, Żołnowska B, Piotrowski WJ. A Real-World Multicenter Retrospective Observational Study on Polish Experience with Nintedanib Therapy in Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: The PolExNIB Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4635. [PMID: 37510750 PMCID: PMC10381008 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12144635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Nintedanib is a disease-modifying agent licensed for the treatment of IPF. Data on Polish experience with nintedanib in IPF are lacking. The present study aimed to describe the safety and efficacy profiles of nintedanib in a large real-world cohort of Polish patients with IPF. This was a multicenter, retrospective, observational study of IPF patients treated with nintedanib between March 2018 and October 2021. Data collection included baseline clinical characteristics, results of pulmonary function tests (PFTs), and a six-minute walk test (6MWT). Longitudinal data on PFTs, 6MWT, adverse drug reactions (ADRs), and treatment persistence were also retrieved. A total of 501 patients (70% male) with a median age of 70.9 years (IQR 65-75.7) were included in this study. Patients were followed on treatment for a median of 15 months (7-25.5). The majority of patients (66.7%) were treated with the full recommended dose of nintedanib and 33.3% of patients were treated with a reduced dose of a drug. Intermittent dose reductions or drug interruptions were needed in 20% of patients. Over up to 3 years of follow-up, pulmonary function remained largely stable with the minority experiencing disease progression. The most frequent ADRs included diarrhea (45.3%), decreased appetite (29.9%), abdominal discomfort (29.5%), weight loss (32.1%), nausea (20.8%), fatigue (19.2%), increased liver aminotransferases (15.4%), and vomiting (8.2%). A total of 203 patients (40.5%) discontinued nintedanib treatment due to diverse reasons including ADRs (10.2%), death (11.6%), disease progression (4.6%), patient's request (6.6%), and neoplastic disease (2.2%). This real-world study of a large cohort of Polish patients with IPF demonstrates that nintedanib therapy is safe, and is associated with acceptable tolerance and disease stabilization. These data support the findings of previously conducted clinical trials and observational studies on the safety and efficacy profiles of nintedanib in IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Majewski
- Department of Pneumology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland
| | - Adam J Białas
- Department of Pneumology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland
| | - Adam Barczyk
- Department of Pneumonology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Halina Batura-Gabryel
- Department of Pulmonology, Allergology and Pulmonary Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-569 Poznan, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Buchczyk
- Department of Lung Diseases and Tuberculosis, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Anna Doboszyńska
- Department of Pulmonology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Pulmonology Hospital, 10-357 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Górska
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Luiza Grabowska-Skudlarz
- Department of Pulmonology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Pulmonology Hospital, 10-357 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Hanna Jagielska-Len
- Clinical Department of Lung Diseases, K. Marcinkowski University Hospital, 65-046 Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Jarzemska
- Department of Rapid Pulmonary Diagnostics, Kuyavian and Pomeranian Pulmonology Center, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Ewa Jassem
- Department of Pneumonology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Dariusz Jastrzębski
- Department of Lung Diseases and Tuberculosis, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Aleksander Kania
- Department of Pulmonology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Cracow, Poland
| | - Marek Koprowski
- Department of Civilization Diseases and Lung Diseases, John Paul II Specialist Hospital, 31-202 Cracow, Poland
| | - Michał Krawczyk
- 1st Department of Lung Diseases and Respiratory Allergy, Voivodeship Center for Lung Disease Treatment and Rehabilitation, 91-520 Lodz, Poland
| | - Rafał Krenke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Lewandowska
- 1st Department of Lung Diseases, National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Mackiewicz
- Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Magdalena M Martusewicz-Boros
- 3rd Lung Diseases and Oncology Department, National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janusz Milanowski
- Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Agata Nowicka
- Department of Pulmonology, Allergology and Pulmonary Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-569 Poznan, Poland
| | - Kazimierz Roszkowski-Śliż
- 3rd Lung Diseases and Oncology Department, National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alicja Siemińska
- Department of Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Sładek
- Department of Pulmonology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Cracow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Sobiecka
- 1st Department of Lung Diseases, National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Stachura
- Department of Pulmonology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Cracow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Tomczak
- Department of Pulmonology, E.J. Zeyland Wielkopolska Center of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery, 60-569 Poznan, Poland
| | - Witold Tomkowski
- 1st Department of Lung Diseases, National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marzena Trzaska-Sobczak
- Department of Pneumonology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Dariusz Ziora
- Department of Lung Diseases and Tuberculosis, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Beata Żołnowska
- 1st Department of Lung Diseases, National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland
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Podolanczuk AJ, Cottin V. A Narrative Review of Real-World Data on the Safety of Nintedanib in Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Adv Ther 2023; 40:2038-2050. [PMID: 36928494 PMCID: PMC10129989 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-023-02454-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Nintedanib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and other progressive fibrosing interstitial lung diseases. Placebo-controlled trials showed that the adverse event profile of nintedanib was characterised mainly by gastrointestinal events, particularly diarrhoea. We review the data from all published real-world studies of the safety of nintedanib in patients with IPF. These real-world data were consistent with the safety profile observed in clinical trials and described in the product label. The most common adverse events were diarrhoea, nausea and vomiting, but these infrequently led to permanent treatment discontinuation. Liver enzyme elevations were observed, supporting the recommendation for regular monitoring of liver enzymes, particularly in the first few months of treatment. Bleeding and cardiovascular adverse events were rarely reported. As in clinical trials, in real-world studies, reductions of the nintedanib dose, treatment interruptions and use of anti-diarrhoeal medications were frequently employed to manage adverse events. Few data are available on the use of nintedanib in patients who are elderly or have advanced disease, but there are some data to suggest a greater rate of treatment discontinuation in these patients. Effective management of adverse events associated with nintedanib is important to minimise their impact.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vincent Cottin
- Coordinating Reference Center for Rare Pulmonary Diseases, Louis Pradel Hospital, University of Lyon, INRAE, Lyon, France
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Targeting fibrosis, mechanisms and cilinical trials. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:206. [PMID: 35773269 PMCID: PMC9247101 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01070-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is characterized by the excessive extracellular matrix deposition due to dysregulated wound and connective tissue repair response. Multiple organs can develop fibrosis, including the liver, kidney, heart, and lung. Fibrosis such as liver cirrhosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and cystic fibrosis caused substantial disease burden. Persistent abnormal activation of myofibroblasts mediated by various signals, such as transforming growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, and fibroblast growh factor, has been recongized as a major event in the occurrence and progression of fibrosis. Although the mechanisms driving organ-specific fibrosis have not been fully elucidated, drugs targeting these identified aberrant signals have achieved potent anti-fibrotic efficacy in clinical trials. In this review, we briefly introduce the aetiology and epidemiology of several fibrosis diseases, including liver fibrosis, kidney fibrosis, cardiac fibrosis, and pulmonary fibrosis. Then, we summarise the abnormal cells (epithelial cells, endothelial cells, immune cells, and fibroblasts) and their interactions in fibrosis. In addition, we also focus on the aberrant signaling pathways and therapeutic targets that regulate myofibroblast activation, extracellular matrix cross-linking, metabolism, and inflammation in fibrosis. Finally, we discuss the anti-fibrotic drugs based on their targets and clinical trials. This review provides reference for further research on fibrosis mechanism, drug development, and clinical trials.
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Cymbopogon winterianus Essential Oil Attenuates Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in a Murine Model. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13050679. [PMID: 34065064 PMCID: PMC8150729 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The essential oil of Cymbopogon winterianus (EOCW) is a natural product with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic properties. We studied the effect of EOCW in the progression of histological changes of pulmonary fibrosis (PF) in a rodent model. The oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and characterized using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Intratracheal instillation of bleomycin was performed in 30 rats to induce PF, while Sham animals were subjected to instillation of saline solution. The treatment was performed using daily oral administration of distilled water, EOCW at 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, and deflazacort (DFC). After 28 days, hemogram and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), tissue levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) were assayed. Histological grading of PF, immunohistochemical expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) were also analyzed. The EOCW major compounds were found to be citronellal, geraniol, and citronellol. EOCW significantly reduced inflammation in BALF, reduced MDA levels, and increased SOD activity. EOCW attenuated histological grading of PF and reduced immunohistochemical expression of α-SMA and TGF-β in a dose-dependent way, likely due to the reduction of oxidative stress, inflammation, and TGF-β-induced myofibroblast differentiation.
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Safety of Nintedanib in Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Global Pharmacovigilance Data. Adv Ther 2020; 37:4209-4219. [PMID: 32767182 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-020-01452-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The safety and tolerability of nintedanib in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) have been characterized using data from clinical trials. METHODS We further characterized the safety and tolerability of nintedanib in patients with IPF in clinical practice using the global pharmacovigilance database. The database included spontaneously reported adverse events and data collected via solicited reporting in patients treated with nintedanib from 15 October 2014 to 15 October 2018. Adverse events were coded using the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities. Cumulative exposure to nintedanib was estimated on the basis of sales data. RESULTS Cumulative exposure to nintedanib was estimated as 60,107 patient-years. Diarrhea was the most frequent event (301.6 events per 1000 patient-years). Most (97.0%) diarrhea events were non-serious. The median (25th, 75th percentile) time to onset of the first diarrhea event was 60 (11, 182) days. Elevated liver enzyme or bilirubin levels were reported at a rate of 31.5 events per 1000 patient-years. Bleeding was reported at a rate of 36.8 events per 1000 patient-years; 81.0% of events were non-serious. Major cardiovascular adverse events were reported at a rate of 13.4 events per 1000 patient-years and myocardial infarction at a rate of 4.3 events per 1000 patient-years. Gastrointestinal perforation was reported at a rate of 1.0 event per 1000 patient-years. CONCLUSIONS On the basis of pharmacovigilance data collected over 4 years, the safety profile of nintedanib in patients with IPF was consistent with that observed in clinical trials and described in the product label, with no new safety concerns observed.
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Zhu T, Ma Z, Wang H, Jia X, Wu Y, Fu L, Li Z, Zhang C, Yu G. YAP/TAZ affects the development of pulmonary fibrosis by regulating multiple signaling pathways. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 475:137-149. [PMID: 32813142 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03866-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
YAP and TAZ are important co-activators of various biological processes in human body. YAP/TAZ plays a vital role in the development of pulmonary fibrosis. Dysregulation of the YAP/TAZ signaling pathway is one of the most important causes of pulmonary fibrosis. Therefore, considering its crucial role, summary of the signal mechanism of YAP/TAZ is of certain guiding significance for the research of YAP/TAZ as a therapeutic target. The present review provided a detailed introduction to various YAP/TAZ-related signaling pathways and clarified the specific role of YAP/TAZ in these pathways. In the meantime, we summarized and evaluated possible applications of YAP/TAZ in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis. Overall, our study is of guiding significance for future research on the functional mechanism of YAP/TAZ underlying lung diseases as well as for identification of novel therapeutic targets specific to pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), No. 568 Zhongxing North Road, Yuecheng District, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Zhifeng Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), No. 568 Zhongxing North Road, Yuecheng District, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Haiyong Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), No. 568 Zhongxing North Road, Yuecheng District, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Jia
- Department of Pathology, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Yuanlin Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), No. 568 Zhongxing North Road, Yuecheng District, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Linhai Fu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), No. 568 Zhongxing North Road, Yuecheng District, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Zhupeng Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), No. 568 Zhongxing North Road, Yuecheng District, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Chu Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), No. 568 Zhongxing North Road, Yuecheng District, Shaoxing, 312000, China.
| | - Guangmao Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), No. 568 Zhongxing North Road, Yuecheng District, Shaoxing, 312000, China.
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Morais A. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: accurate diagnosis and early treatment. J Bras Pneumol 2019; 45:e20190353. [PMID: 31721894 PMCID: PMC7247766 DOI: 10.1590/1806-3713/e20190353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- António Morais
- . Grupo de Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Porto, Portugal.,. Faculdade de Medicina do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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