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Rueda JR, Porto CD, Franco RP, da Costa IB, Bueno LMC, Girio RJS, Manhoso FFR, Bueno PCDS, Repetti CSF. Mammary neoplasms in female dogs: Clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects. VET MED-CZECH 2024; 69:99-114. [PMID: 38751991 PMCID: PMC11093647 DOI: 10.17221/4/2024-vetmed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
With the increase in the life expectancy of domestic animals and their increasingly affectionate relationship with their owners, it is possible to observe an increase in cases of neoplasms in these animals. Mammary neoplasia mainly affects older females who have not been castrated, due to hormonal dependence for the development of the tumour. The main form of treatment is surgery. This study aims to carry out an updated review on mammary neoplasms in female dogs covering the anatomy, physiology, prevalence, causes, diagnoses, treatments, prevention and prognosis, based on scientific articles by renowned researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaina Reato Rueda
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Marilia – UNIMAR, Marilia/SP, Brazil
| | - Camila Dias Porto
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Marilia – UNIMAR, Marilia/SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Raul Jose Silva Girio
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Marilia – UNIMAR, Marilia/SP, Brazil
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2
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Schouw HM, Huisman LA, Janssen YF, Slart RHJA, Borra RJH, Willemsen ATM, Brouwers AH, van Dijl JM, Dierckx RA, van Dam GM, Szymanski W, Boersma HH, Kruijff S. Targeted optical fluorescence imaging: a meta-narrative review and future perspectives. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 48:4272-4292. [PMID: 34633509 PMCID: PMC8566445 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05504-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this review is to give an overview of the current status of targeted optical fluorescence imaging in the field of oncology, cardiovascular, infectious and inflammatory diseases to further promote clinical translation. Methods A meta-narrative approach was taken to systematically describe the relevant literature. Consecutively, each field was assigned a developmental stage regarding the clinical implementation of optical fluorescence imaging. Results Optical fluorescence imaging is leaning towards clinical implementation in gastrointestinal and head and neck cancers, closely followed by pulmonary, neuro, breast and gynaecological oncology. In cardiovascular and infectious disease, optical imaging is in a less advanced/proof of concept stage. Conclusion Targeted optical fluorescence imaging is rapidly evolving and expanding into the clinic, especially in the field of oncology. However, the imaging modality still has to overcome some major challenges before it can be part of the standard of care in the clinic, such as the provision of pivotal trial data. Intensive multidisciplinary (pre-)clinical joined forces are essential to overcome the delivery of such compelling phase III registration trial data and subsequent regulatory approval and reimbursement hurdles to advance clinical implementation of targeted optical fluorescence imaging as part of standard practice. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00259-021-05504-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Schouw
- Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - L A Huisman
- Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Y F Janssen
- Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - R H J A Slart
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Biomedical Photonic Imaging, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - R J H Borra
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - A T M Willemsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - A H Brouwers
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J M van Dijl
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - R A Dierckx
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Gent, Belgium
| | - G M van Dam
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,AxelaRx/TRACER Europe BV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - W Szymanski
- Department of Radiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - H H Boersma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - S Kruijff
- Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. .,Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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3
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Frountzas M, Theodoropoulos C, Karathanasis P, Nikolaou C, Zografos CG, Larentzakis A, Zografos GC, Michalopoulos NV. Severe anaphylactic reaction after blue dye injection for sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast surgery: Report of two cases and literature review. Clin Case Rep 2021; 9:CCR33904. [PMID: 34322237 PMCID: PMC8301567 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.3904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaphylactic reactions, and especially the severe ones (types III and IV), should be kept in mind as considerable adverse effects while using blue dyes for SLNB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximos Frountzas
- 1st Department of Propaedeutic SurgeryMedical SchoolUniversity of Athens“Hippocratio” General HospitalAthensGreece
| | - Charalampos Theodoropoulos
- 1st Department of Propaedeutic SurgeryMedical SchoolUniversity of Athens“Hippocratio” General HospitalAthensGreece
| | - Panagiotis Karathanasis
- 1st Department of Propaedeutic SurgeryMedical SchoolUniversity of Athens“Hippocratio” General HospitalAthensGreece
| | - Christina Nikolaou
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research “N. S. Christeas”Medical SchoolUniversity of AthensAthensGreece
| | | | - Andreas Larentzakis
- 1st Department of Propaedeutic SurgeryMedical SchoolUniversity of Athens“Hippocratio” General HospitalAthensGreece
| | - George C. Zografos
- 1st Department of Propaedeutic SurgeryMedical SchoolUniversity of Athens“Hippocratio” General HospitalAthensGreece
| | - Nikolaos V. Michalopoulos
- 1st Department of Propaedeutic SurgeryMedical SchoolUniversity of Athens“Hippocratio” General HospitalAthensGreece
- 4th Department of SurgeryMedical SchoolUniversity of Athens“Attikon” University HospitalChaidariGreece
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4
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Sun Y, Cui L, Wang S, Shi T, Hao Y, Lei Y. Comparative study of two contrast agents for intraoperative identification of sentinel lymph nodes in patients with early breast cancer. Gland Surg 2021; 10:1638-1645. [PMID: 34164308 DOI: 10.21037/gs-21-87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background The use of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) to locate sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) in breast cancer has been studied more and more in recent years. This prospective study aimed to compare periareolar injection of two different contrast agents, SonoVue® (SNV) and Sonazoid® (SNZ), followed by CEUS to identify SLNs in breast cancer patients with clinically negative nodes. Methods A total of 205 patients with T1-2N0M0 breast cancer were divided into the SNV group and SNZ group. All were administered a periareolar injection of SNV or SNZ and underwent US to identify contrast-enhanced SLNs. Each contrast-enhanced SLN underwent a biopsy with blue dye and examined again by CEUS in vitro. Results In all cases, contrast-enhanced lymphatic vessels were clearly visualized using US soon after the periareolar injection of SNZ, and the SLNs were easily identified. The SLN identification rates were 75.27% (210/279) for SNV and 93.58% (102/109) for SNZ. Although the accuracy of detecting SLN metastasis was slightly different between the two groups, there was no statistically significant difference between those groups (P=0.615). Moreover, it was possible to identify SLNs in vitro in the SNZ group, and these could be compared with the lymph nodes (LNs) located using SNZ during the preoperative stage and with blue dye during the procedure. This helped in determining the resection requirements. Conclusions When comparing the subdermal use of SNV and SNZ, no significant differences in the number of detected SLNs and the diagnosis of metastatic LNs were observed. Because SLNs can be detected for a longer time in living tissues with SNZ, this contrast agent may provide more intraoperative information for complete resection of all preoperative localization of SLN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ligang Cui
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shunmin Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tan Shi
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yunxia Hao
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yutao Lei
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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5
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Ye JM, Guo BL, Liu Q, Ma F, Liu HJ, Wu Q, Xin L, Cheng YJ, Zhang H, Zhang S, Duan XN, Zhang JG, Liu YH. Clinical practice guidelines for sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with early-stage breast cancer: Chinese Society of Breast Surgery (CSBrS) practice guidelines 2021. Chin Med J (Engl) 2021; 134:886-894. [PMID: 33813512 PMCID: PMC8078330 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000001410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ming Ye
- Breast Disease Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Bao-Liang Guo
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Breast Disease Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Fei Ma
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Hong-Jin Liu
- Breast Disease Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Breast Disease Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Ling Xin
- Breast Disease Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Yuan-Jia Cheng
- Breast Disease Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Xue-Ning Duan
- Breast Disease Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Yin-Hua Liu
- Breast Disease Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
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6
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Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Early Breast Cancer Using Methylene Blue Dye Alone: a Safe, Simple, and Cost-Effective Procedure in Resource-Constrained Settings. Indian J Surg Oncol 2021; 12:210-217. [PMID: 33814855 DOI: 10.1007/s13193-020-01273-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is done by different techniques in clinically node-negative patients with early breast cancer. In this study, we aim to estimate the identification rates, positivity rates, cost-effectiveness, and outcomes for patients who underwent sentinel node biopsy using methylene blue dye alone. This was a retrospective review of 172 patients with early breast cancer (cT1-3, N0) who underwent SLNB using methylene blue dye alone between January 2014 and December 2018 including their follow-up details until December 2019. The mean age was 51 ± 10.3 (range: 28 to 76) years. There were 63 (36.6%) patients with cT1 tumor, 108 (62.7%) with cT2, and only 1 patient with cT3 tumor. Breast conservation surgery was performed in 62 (36%) while the remaining 110 (64%) underwent simple mastectomy. Sentinel nodes were successfully identified in 165 (95.9%) with a positivity rate of 23.6%. There was no dye-related adverse reactions intra-operatively. The mean duration of follow-up was 26.68 ± 15.9 months (range: 1-60). Chronic arm pain was present in 7 (4%) while none of the patients had lymphedema or restriction of shoulder joint motion. There were no documented axillary nodal recurrences in this cohort. Eight (4.65%) patients were detected to have systemic metastasis. One patient died of brain metastasis from bilateral breast cancer. The mean disease-free survival was 57 months (95% CI: 55-59). Sentinel lymph node biopsy using methylene dye alone is a safe, simple, and cost-effective alternative to isosulfan blue or radio isotope technique in surgical centers with resource constraints.
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7
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Liang Y, Xu S. Nonliposuction Endoscopic Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy Through the Periareolar Incision. Surg Innov 2020; 27:570-579. [PMID: 32687735 DOI: 10.1177/1553350620942983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has been an alternative to axillary lymph node dissection as a standard procedure for breast cancer patients with clinically negative lymph nodes. Endoscopic technique has been developed for over 20 years but remains to be mastered by a slice of surgeons. Suction and squeezing in the liposuction endoscopic procedures may increase risk of local recurrence and metastasis. In this study, we present our method of SLNB procedure through the periareolar incision which improves the shape of the breast-conserving surgery. Patients and Procedures. Twenty-eight breast cancer patients with clinically negative lymph nodes received this procedure. Methylene blue dye and technetium-99m sulfur colloid were used to be the tracker of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs). Periareolar incision was the main surgical technique. The STORZ HD endoscopic system and some special instruments were used during the operation. Results. SLNs can be accurately located and biopsied under an endoscope without additional incisions. The SLNs detection rate, sensitivity, and false-negative rate are 88%, 80%, and 11.1%, respectively. And, the complications such as paresthesia and upper limb lymphedema are similar compared with traditional breast-conserving surgery (10.7% vs 9.8% and 7.1% vs 7.8%). Conclusion. Endoscopic technique can be used to accurately assess the status of SLNs in patients with breast cancer. Nonliposuction endoscopic breast-conserving surgery is one of the safe and alternative surgical procedures for early breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Liang
- 117889Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shuangta Xu
- 117889Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
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8
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Frountzas M, Karathanasis P, Vrakopoulou GZ, Theodoropoulos C, Zografos CG, Schizas D, Zografos GC, Michalopoulos NV. Kounis syndrome after patent blue dye injection for sentinel lymph node biopsy. Breast Cancer 2020; 27:1191-1197. [PMID: 32601801 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-020-01129-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kounis syndrome (KS) has been described as an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) associated with an anaphylactic reaction. Several triggers have been identified and the diagnostic and treatment process can be challenging. CASE A 58-year-old, female patient diagnosed with breast cancer and no history of allergies had subcutaneous injection of patent blue V dye for sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). Intraoperatively, she developed anaphylactic shock and was transferred to the intensive care unit (ICU). A few hours later, electrocardiographic alterations and elevation of blood troponin were observed. Emergency coronary angiography revealed no occlusive lesions in coronary vessels. Further investigation in the allergy department set the diagnosis of KS. CONCLUSION There are just ten cases of perioperative KS in the literature so far and here we present the first one triggered by patent blue V dye for sentinel node biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximos Frountzas
- 1st Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Medical School, "Hippocratio" General Hospital, University of Athens, 114 Vas. Sophias Av, 11527, Athens, Greece.
| | - Panagiotis Karathanasis
- 1st Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Medical School, "Hippocratio" General Hospital, University of Athens, 114 Vas. Sophias Av, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Gavriella Zoi Vrakopoulou
- 1st Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Medical School, "Hippocratio" General Hospital, University of Athens, 114 Vas. Sophias Av, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Charalampos Theodoropoulos
- 1st Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Medical School, "Hippocratio" General Hospital, University of Athens, 114 Vas. Sophias Av, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Constantinos G Zografos
- 1st Department of Surgery, Medical School, University of Athens, "Laiko" General Hospital, 17 Agiou Thoma St, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Schizas
- 1st Department of Surgery, Medical School, University of Athens, "Laiko" General Hospital, 17 Agiou Thoma St, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - George C Zografos
- 1st Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Medical School, "Hippocratio" General Hospital, University of Athens, 114 Vas. Sophias Av, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos V Michalopoulos
- 1st Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Medical School, "Hippocratio" General Hospital, University of Athens, 114 Vas. Sophias Av, 11527, Athens, Greece
- 4th Dept. of Surgery, Medical School, "Attikon" University Hospital, University of Athens, 1 Rimini St, 12462, Chaidari, Greece
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9
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Chen SY, Tran KD, Wehrer S, Potts LB, Bauer AJ, Straiko MD, Terry MA. Patent Blue V as an Alternative Stain for DMEK Grafts: Safety, Stain Retention, and Feasibility. Cornea 2019; 38:1322-1327. [PMID: 31205156 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000002023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether Patent Blue V (PB) can be used as an alternative dye for staining Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) grafts. METHODS DMEK grafts from donor corneas were stained with 2.5% PB for 4 minutes (n = 2), 2.5% PB for 10 minutes (n = 2), or 0.06% trypan blue (TB) for 4 minutes (n = 1). The stain intensity of the grafts was compared initially and at different time points over a 15-minute period of balanced salt solution wash using a grading scale based on a serial dilution series of PB. Three additional grafts were stained with 2.5% PB for 10 minutes and used in mock surgeries to assess stain retention after injection and manipulation in a donor eye model for 25 minutes. To assess the safety of PB, DMEK grafts were prepared from 10 pairs of corneas where one cornea was stained with 0.06% TB for 4 minutes and the mate cornea was stained with 2.5% PB for 10 minutes. The grafts were preloaded and stored for 5 days in Optisol-GS at 2°C to 8°C, and endothelial cell loss was quantified using Calcein-AM staining and FIJI segmentation by 2 masked readers. RESULTS PB stain intensities were lighter than TB-stained grafts. Grafts stained with 2.5% PB for 10 minutes retained sufficient color for the 25-minute duration of mock surgery. The average endothelial cell loss for PB versus TB grafts was 21.6% ± 5.3% versus 20.2% ± 5.4% (P = 0.202) as determined by reader 1 and 23.6% ± 4.8% versus 21.2% ± 5.8% (P = 0.092) as determined by reader 2. CONCLUSIONS PB is a viable alternative dye in DMEK grafts for applications where TB may not be available or approved for use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Yi Chen
- Cornea Service, Devers Eye Institute, Portland, OR.,Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Luke B Potts
- Cornea Service, Devers Eye Institute, Portland, OR
| | | | | | - Mark A Terry
- Cornea Service, Devers Eye Institute, Portland, OR
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10
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Hentzen JE, de Jongh SJ, Hemmer PH, van der Plas WY, van Dam GM, Kruijff S. Molecular fluorescence-guided surgery of peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal origin: A narrative review. J Surg Oncol 2018; 118:332-343. [PMID: 29938400 PMCID: PMC6174973 DOI: 10.1002/jso.25106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) from colorectal origin may undergo cytoreductive surgery (CRS) with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) as a curative approach. One major prognostic factor that affects survival is completeness of cytoreduction. Molecular Fluorescence Guided Surgery (MFGS) is a novel intraoperative imaging technique that may improve tumor identification in the future, potentially preventing over- and under-treatment in these patients. This narrative review outlines a chronological overview of MFGS development in patients with PC of colorectal origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith E.K.R. Hentzen
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University Medical Centre GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Steven J. de Jongh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Patrick H.J. Hemmer
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University Medical Centre GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Willemijn Y. van der Plas
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University Medical Centre GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Gooitzen M. van Dam
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University Medical Centre GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging and Intensive Care, University of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Schelto Kruijff
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University Medical Centre GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
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