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Sun Y, Zhao Z, Qiao Q, Li S, Yu W, Guan X, Schneider A, Weir MD, Xu HHK, Zhang K, Bai Y. Injectable periodontal ligament stem cell-metformin-calcium phosphate scaffold for bone regeneration and vascularization in rats. Dent Mater 2023; 39:872-885. [PMID: 37574338 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Injectable and self-setting calcium phosphate cement scaffold (CPC) capable of encapsulating and delivering stem cells and bioactive agents would be highly beneficial for dental and craniofacial repairs. The objectives of this study were to: (1) develop a novel injectable CPC scaffold encapsulating human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) and metformin (Met) for bone engineering; (2) test bone regeneration efficacy in vitro and in vivo. METHODS hPDLSCs were encapsulated in degradable alginate fibers, which were then mixed into CPC paste. Five groups were tested: (1) CPC control; (2) CPC + hPDLSC-fibers + 0% Met (CPC + hPDLSCs + 0%Met); (3) CPC + hPDLSC-fibers + 0.1% Met (CPC + hPDLSCs + 0.1%Met); (4) CPC + hPDLSC-fibers + 0.2% Met (CPC + hPDLSCs + 0.2%Met); (5) CPC + hPDLSC-fibers + 0.4% Met (CPC + hPDLSCs + 0.4%Met). The injectability, mechanical properties, metformin release, and hPDLSC osteogenic differentiation and bone mineral were determined in vitro. A rat cranial defect model was used to evaluate new bone formation. RESULTS The novel construct had good injectability and physical properties. Alginate fibers degraded in 7 days and released hPDLSCs, with 5-fold increase of proliferation (p<0.05). The ALP activity and mineral synthesis of hPDLSCs were increased by Met delivery (p<0.05). Among all groups, CPC+hPDLSCs+ 0.1%Met showed the greatest cell mineralization and osteogenesis, which were 1.5-10 folds those without Met (p<0.05). Compared to CPC control, CPC+hPDLSCs+ 0.1%Met enhanced bone regeneration in rats by 9 folds, and increased vascularization by 3 folds (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The novel injectable construct with hPDLSC and Met encapsulation demonstrated excellent efficacy for bone regeneration and vascularization in vivo in an animal model. CPC+hPDLSCs+ 0.1%Met is highly promising for dental and craniofacial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxi Sun
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zeqing Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Qingchen Qiao
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shengnan Li
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenting Yu
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuchen Guan
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Abraham Schneider
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, USA
| | - Michael D Weir
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yuxing Bai
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Yaralı Çevik ZB, Karaman O, Topaloğlu N. Synergistic effects of integrin binding peptide (RGD) and photobiomodulation therapies on bone-like microtissues to enhance osteogenic differentiation. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 149:213392. [PMID: 36965403 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering aims to diversify and enhance the strategies for bone regeneration to overcome bone-related health problems. Bone mimetic peptides such as Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (RGD) are useful tools for osteogenic differentiation. Similarly, photobiomodulation (PBM) at 600-800 nm of wavelength range improves bone tissue healing via the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), ATP synthesis, and nitric oxide (NO) release. Besides, traditional monolayer cell culture models have limited conditions to exhibit the details of a mechanism such as a peptide or PBM therapy. However, scaffold-free microtissues (SFMs) can mimic a tissue more properly and be an efficient way to understand the mechanism of therapy via cell-cell interaction. Thus, the synergistic effects of RGD peptide (1 mM) and PBM applications (1 J/cm2 energy density at 655 nm of wavelength and 5 J/cm2 energy density at 808 nm of wavelength) were evaluated on SFMs formed with the co-culture of Human Bone Marrow Stem Cells (hBMSC) and Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC) for osteogenic differentiation. Cell viability assays, mechanistic analysis, and the evaluation of osteogenic differentiation markers were performed. Combined therapies of RGD and PBM were more successful to induce osteogenic differentiation than single therapies. Especially, RGD + PBM at 655 nm group exhibited a higher capability of osteogenic differentiation via ROS production, ATP synthesis, and NO release. It can be concluded that the concomitant use of RGD and PBM may enhance bone regeneration and become a promising therapeutic tool to heal bone-related problems in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyşan Buse Yaralı Çevik
- Biomedical Test Calibration Application and Research Center, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Çiğli, Izmir 35620, Turkey; Department of Biomedical Technologies, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Çiğli, Izmir 35620, Turkey.
| | - Ozan Karaman
- Biomedical Test Calibration Application and Research Center, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Çiğli, Izmir 35620, Turkey; Department of Biomedical Technologies, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Çiğli, Izmir 35620, Turkey; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Çiğli, Izmir 35620, Turkey.
| | - Nermin Topaloğlu
- Department of Biomedical Technologies, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Çiğli, Izmir 35620, Turkey; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Çiğli, Izmir 35620, Turkey.
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Osteogenesis in human periodontal ligament stem cell sheets is enhanced by the protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) in vivo. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15637. [PMID: 36117187 PMCID: PMC9482923 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19520-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) have been studied as a promising strategy in regenerative approaches. The protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) plays a key role in osteogenesis and has been shown to induce osteogenesis and increase bone formation in PDLSCs. However, little is known about its effects when activated in PDLSCs as a cell sheet construct and how it would impact bone formation as a graft in vivo. Here, PDLSCs were obtained from 3 patients. Groups were divided into control, osteogenic medium and osteogenic medium + PAR1 activation by TFLLR-NH2 peptide. Cell phenotype was determined by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. Calcium deposition was quantified by Alizarin Red Staining. Cell sheet microstructure was analyzed through light, scanning electron microscopy and histology and transplanted to Balb/c nude mice. Immunohistochemistry for bone sialoprotein (BSP), integrin β1 and collagen type 1 and histological stains (H&E, Van Giesson, Masson’s Trichrome and Von Kossa) were performed on the ex-vivo mineralized tissue after 60 days of implantation in vivo. Ectopic bone formation was evaluated through micro-CT. PAR1 activation increased calcium deposition in vitro as well as BSP, collagen type 1 and integrin β1 protein expression and higher ectopic bone formation (micro-CT) in vivo.
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