1
|
Pierce ES, Jindal C, Choi YM, Cassidy K, Efird JT. Pathogenic mechanisms and etiologic aspects of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis as an infectious cause of cutaneous melanoma. MEDCOMM - ONCOLOGY 2024; 3:e72. [PMID: 38831791 PMCID: PMC11145504 DOI: 10.1002/mog2.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Infectious etiologies have previously been proposed as causes of both melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. This exploratory overview explains and presents the evidence for the hypothesis that a microorganism excreted in infected ruminant animal feces, Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), is the cause of some cases of cutaneous melanoma (CM). Occupational, residential, and recreational contact with MAP-contaminated feces, soil, sand, and natural bodies of water may confer a higher rate of CM. Included in our hypothesis are possible reasons for the differing rates and locations of CM in persons with white versus nonwhite skin, why CM develops underneath nails and in vulvar skin, why canine melanoma is an excellent model for human melanoma, and why the Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine has demonstrated efficacy in the prevention and treatment of CM. The pathogenic mechanisms and etiologic aspects of MAP, as a transmittable agent underlying CM risk, are carefully deliberated in this paper. Imbalances in gut and skin bacteria, genetic risk factors, and vaccine prevention/therapy are also discussed, while acknowledging that the evidence for a causal association between MAP exposure and CM remains circumstantial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen S. Pierce
- Independent Physician Researcher, Spokane Valley, Washington, USA
| | - Charulata Jindal
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yuk Ming Choi
- Provider Services, Signify Health, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Kaitlin Cassidy
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jimmy T. Efird
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
da Costa NS, da Silva MVGB, Panetto JCDC, Machado MA, Seixas L, Peripolli V, Guimarães RF, Carvalho OA, Vieira RA, McManus C. Spatial dynamics of the Girolando breed in Brazil: analysis of genetic integration and environmental factors. Trop Anim Health Prod 2020; 52:3869-3883. [PMID: 33094421 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02426-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Brazil is one of the world's largest milk producers. Several scientific studies have been developed related to landscape analyses that combine genetic with landscape structure data. In the present study, we aimed to analyze the relationship between genetic, environmental, and socioeconomic aspects of production in Girolando cattle in Brazil, as well as verify the spatial patterns of its genetic diversity. Genetic values and accuracy of 46,289 animals were used as well as information from DNA of 310 Girolando animals. Canonic, discriminant, and cluster analyses were conducted in SAS® and K-means method in ArcGIS 10.3 software. The relationship between genetic and geographic distance was analyzed using different methods in software Alleles in Space®. Clusters with animals with higher genetic values for milk production are located in municipalities with lower gross domestic product, fewer family-based establishments, and lower human development index. These clusters are associated with regions with higher area planted with crops, lower percentage of pastures that were less degraded, higher humidity, lower temperature range, and lower normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values. The greater the geographical distance between groups of animals, the greater the genetic distance between them with a significant distinction over 504 km. There is high genetic heterogeneity among animals. From these results, it will be possible to develop methodologies for better evaluation of the animals within the production systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia Silva da Costa
- Humanities Institute, University of Brasilia, Darcy Ribeiro Campus, Brasilia, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marco Antonio Machado
- Embrapa Gado de Leite, Av. Eugênio do Nascimento, 610 - Aeroporto, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36038-330, Brazil
| | - Luiza Seixas
- Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia, Darcy Ribeiro Campus, Brasilia, DF, 70910-900,, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Peripolli
- Instituto Federal Catarinense - Campus Araquari, Araquari, SC, 89245-000, Brazil
| | - Renato Fontes Guimarães
- Humanities Institute, University of Brasilia, Darcy Ribeiro Campus, Brasilia, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Osmar Abilio Carvalho
- Humanities Institute, University of Brasilia, Darcy Ribeiro Campus, Brasilia, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Renata Augusto Vieira
- Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia, Darcy Ribeiro Campus, Brasilia, DF, 70910-900,, Brazil
| | - Concepta McManus
- Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia, Darcy Ribeiro Campus, Brasilia, DF, 70910-900,, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|