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Uzun M, İkidağ MA, Ekmekyapar Fırat Y, Ergun N, Akbayrak T. The Effects of Cervical Mobilization with Clinical Pilates Exercises on Pain, Muscle Stiffness and Head and Neck Blood Flow in Cervicogenic Headache: Randomized Controlled Trial. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:852. [PMID: 38929469 PMCID: PMC11205762 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60060852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Physiotherapy approaches are used to eliminate the problems caused by cervicogenic headache (CHA), known as secondary headache associated with the structures of the upper cervical region. This study aimed to investigate the effects of cervical mobilization (CM) with clinical Pilates exercises (CPE) on pain, muscle stiffness and head-neck blood flow in CGH. Materials and Methods: A total of 25 patients participated in this randomized controlled study and were randomized into either the CM group or the CM+CPE group. All treatment methods were applied 3 days a week for 6 weeks. The outcome measure was headache intensity and frequency, the number of analgesics, muscle stiffness and vertebral artery (VA) and internal carotid artery (ICA) blood flow. Headache intensity was measured by a visual analogue scale, muscle stiffness by a myotonometer and blood flow by Doppler US. Evaluations were repeated after 6 weeks of treatment. Within-group comparisons were made by the Wilcoxon signed rank test, and between-group comparisons were made by the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: After treatments in the two groups, headache intensity and frequency and the number of analgesics decreased, the muscle stiffness of the suboccipital, upper trapezius and sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscles decreased, and the blood flow of the ICA and VA increased (p < 0.05). There was a significant difference between the groups in terms of headache intensity (p = 0.025) and muscle stiffness in SKM (p = 0.044) in favor of the CM+CPE group. Conclusions: Non-pharmacological treatment approaches have an important role in CHA related to the upper cervical region. This study suggests that it would be beneficial to add CM in combination with CPE to the non-pharmacological treatment of patients with CHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meltem Uzun
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, SANKO University, 27090 Gaziantep, Turkey;
| | - Mehmet Ali İkidağ
- Department of Radiology, SANKO University Hospital, 27090 Gaziantep, Turkey;
| | | | - Nevin Ergun
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, SANKO University, 27090 Gaziantep, Turkey;
| | - Türkan Akbayrak
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey;
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Godfrey N, Donovan-Hall M, Roberts L. A qualitative study exploring the ritual-like activity and therapeutic relationship between Pilates teachers and clients with persistent low back pain. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2024; 37:25-37. [PMID: 38432814 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Pilates is a commonly recommended exercise modality for the management of persistent low back pain. Whilst guidelines recommend the use of exercise for low back pain, research suggests that no one exercise is superior, creating a question over the mechanism of effect. The patient-practitioner relationship may be important in managing low back pain; however, the relationship between Pilates teachers and clients is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to identify the components of the relationship between Pilates teachers and clients with persistent low back pain, explore key influences on the relationship, and ascertain the nature of the relationship. METHOD We conducted a qualitative, ethnographically-informed study at eight sites in the South of England, observing 24 Pilates sessions and interviewing 9 Pilates teachers and 10 clients with persistent low back pain. Fieldnotes and interview transcripts were analysed thematically. RESULTS The findings demonstrate a complex, multi-faceted interaction that occurs during Pilates sessions, grounded within certain health perceptions, and predicated on expectations of individuality, choice and expertise. A key finding reveals the perceived importance of mastery of prescribed movements with control and precision, in which clients particularly value the authority of the teacher in a directive learning environment. CONCLUSION We contend that the role of the Pilates teacher in this study facilitated the alleviation of clients' distress through the application of ritual-like Pilates activity. We conclude that the relationship between Pilates teachers and clients with persistent low back pain may be considered a therapeutic relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Godfrey
- University of Southampton, Health Sciences, Highfield, Southampton, Hants, SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Maggie Donovan-Hall
- University of Southampton, Health Sciences, Highfield, Southampton, Hants, SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Lisa Roberts
- University of Southampton, Health Sciences, Highfield, Southampton, Hants, SO17 1BJ, UK.
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Asadi H, Darvishpour A, Ezzati K, Gholami-Chaboki B. The effect of corrective exercises on musculoskeletal disorders among the older adults residing in a nursing home in Rasht, Guilan, Iran. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2023; 24:820. [PMID: 37848869 PMCID: PMC10580666 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-06915-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ageing causes changes in the function of musculoskeletal systems and disability, and injury among older adults. This study aimed to determine the effect of corrective exercises on musculoskeletal disorders among older adults residing in a nursing home in Iran. METHOD This controlled clinical trial study was conducted on 58 older adults (29 samples in each group). The intervention group performed corrective exercises for 8 weeks and three sessions per week and each session lasted for one hour. The pre-test was performed one week before intervention and the post-test one week after the 8-week intervention. The research instruments included Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ), and the pain visual analog scale (VAS). Descriptive and inferential (Chi-square, Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon, and McNemar test) statistics were used to analyze the data using SPSS software version 19. RESULTS the majority of the participants were males (67.2%) and in the age range of 60-74 years (82.8%). The mean age of samples in intervention and control groups was 68.45 (SD = 5.38) and 69.17 (SD = 5.86), respectively. The results showed that the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) was decreased in the intervention group after the intervention (%Δ = -34.68, p < .05). The results also showed a statistically significant decrease in pain intensity of musculoskeletal in the intervention group, after the intervention (%Δ = -68.34, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS Corrective exercises reduce the prevalence of MSDs and the pain intensity among older adults. It is recommended to pay attention to these exercises to improve physical health and reduce the prevalence of MSDs among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Asadi
- Department of nursing, Zeyinab (P.B.U.H) School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Azar Darvishpour
- Department of nursing, Zeyinab (P.B.U.H) School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
- Social Determinants of Health (SDH) Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Kamran Ezzati
- Neuroscience Research Center, Poorsina Hospital, Faculty of medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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Sivrika AP, Papadamou E, Kypraios G, Lamnisos D, Georgoudis G, Stasinopoulos D. Comparability of the Effectiveness of Different Types of Exercise in the Treatment of Achilles Tendinopathy: A Systematic Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2268. [PMID: 37628466 PMCID: PMC10454459 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11162268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Achilles tendinopathy (AT) is a common condition both in athletes and the general population. The purpose of this study is to highlight the most effective form of exercise in managing pain-related symptoms and functional capacity as well as in a return to life activities, ensuring the quality of life of patients with AT, and creating a protocol to be used in rehabilitation. We conducted a systematic review of the published literature in Pubmed, Scopus, Science Direct, and PEDro for Randomised Controlled Trials concerning interventions that were based exclusively on exercise and delivered in patients 18-65 years old, athletes and non-athletes. An amount of 5235 research articles generated from our search. Five met our inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Research evidence supports the effectiveness of a progressive loading eccentric exercise program based on Alfredson's protocol, which could be modified in intensity and pace to fit the needs of each patient with AT. Future research may focus on the optimal dosage and load of exercise in eccentric training and confirm the effectiveness of other type of exercise, such as a combination of eccentric-concentric training or heavy slow resistance exercise. Pilates could be applied as an alternative, useful, and friendly tool in the rehabilitation of AT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Pantelis Sivrika
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of West Attica, 28 AgiouSpyridonos Str., Egaleo, 12243 Athens, Greece; (E.P.); (G.K.); (G.G.); (D.S.)
| | - Eleni Papadamou
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of West Attica, 28 AgiouSpyridonos Str., Egaleo, 12243 Athens, Greece; (E.P.); (G.K.); (G.G.); (D.S.)
| | - George Kypraios
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of West Attica, 28 AgiouSpyridonos Str., Egaleo, 12243 Athens, Greece; (E.P.); (G.K.); (G.G.); (D.S.)
| | - Demetris Lamnisos
- Department of Health Sciences, European University Cyprus, 6 Diogenous Str., Engomi, Nicosia 22006, Cyprus;
| | - George Georgoudis
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of West Attica, 28 AgiouSpyridonos Str., Egaleo, 12243 Athens, Greece; (E.P.); (G.K.); (G.G.); (D.S.)
| | - Dimitrios Stasinopoulos
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of West Attica, 28 AgiouSpyridonos Str., Egaleo, 12243 Athens, Greece; (E.P.); (G.K.); (G.G.); (D.S.)
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Kocyigit BF, Sagtaganov Z, Yessirkepov M, Akyol A. Assessment of complementary and alternative medicine methods in the management of ankylosing spondylitis, rheumatoid arthritis, and fibromyalgia syndrome. Rheumatol Int 2023; 43:617-625. [PMID: 36583800 PMCID: PMC9801164 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-022-05267-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A wide variety of musculoskeletal, arthritic, connective tissue, and vasculitic diseases fall under the umbrella of "rheumatic diseases". Ankylosing spondylitis, rheumatoid arthritis, and fibromyalgia syndrome are the three members of this disease group with relatively high prevalence. Pharmacological options are at the center of therapeutic algorithms in treating rheumatic diseases, particularly in reducing inflammation. Despite significant advances in pharmacological treatment in recent years, achieving complete treatment success in a group of patients is impossible. Therefore, patients with rheumatic diseases frequently utilize alternative treatment options, such as complementary and alternative medicine. Complementary and alternative medicine is a broad category of health practices not part of the leading health system. Patients with rheumatic diseases turn to complementary and alternative medicine for various reasons, including restricted access to some treatments due to high prices and rigorous regulations, worries about drug side effects, and symptoms that continue despite pharmacological treatment. In addition, because complementary and alternative medicine options are considered natural, they are frequently accepted as well tolerated and have few harmful effects. Ankylosing spondylitis, rheumatoid arthritis, and fibromyalgia syndrome are the primary foci of this comprehensive review. First, we attempted to summarize the non-traditional physical medicine and complementary and alternative medicine options that can be utilized to manage these diseases. Second, we addressed the link between exercise and inflammation in rheumatic diseases. We briefly discussed the possible benefits of exercise-based approaches. In addition, we highlighted the benefits of cooperation between rheumatology and physical medicine-rehabilitation clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burhan Fatih Kocyigit
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey.
| | - Zhaxybek Sagtaganov
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, South Kazakhstan Medical Academy, Shymkent, Kazakhstan
| | - Marlen Yessirkepov
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, South Kazakhstan Medical Academy, Shymkent, Kazakhstan
| | - Ahmet Akyol
- Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Application and Research Center, Hasan Kalyoncu University, Gaziantep, Turkey
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The Impact of Clinical Pilates Exercises on Tension-Type Headaches: A Case Series. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:bs13020105. [PMID: 36829334 PMCID: PMC9952654 DOI: 10.3390/bs13020105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Tension-type-headaches appear as the third most common disease in the general population and have a big impact on quality of life. The aim is to verify the impact of clinical Pilates exercises on pain intensity, impact headaches, neck disability, state of anxiety, depression, stress and quality of sleep in higher-education students. After a sample selection questionnaire was completed, a series of cases was carried out with 9 undergraduate students with tension-type headaches. Five instruments were applied before and after an intervention program: (i) Numerical Rating Scale-NRS, (ii) Headache Impact Test-HIT-6™, (iii) Neck Disability Index, (iv) Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scales and (v) Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Four sessions of 30 min classes of Pilates exercises were held for 2 weeks. The pain intensity decreased in only 2 participants. The impact of tension-type headaches on normal daily life and ability to function was improved in all patients, and only one patient's functional disability caused by pain in the cervical region did not improve. In regard to negative emotional states, 6 individuals reported improvements, and only one individual reported a lower quality of sleep after the program. The exercise program can induce positive effects on disorders associated with tension-type-headaches.
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Kolomiitseva O, Prikhodko A, Bodrenkova I, Hrynchenko I, Vashchenko I, Honchar R. Effect of Pilates training on respiration, joints mobility, and muscle strength in healthy middle-aged women with sedentary occupations. ACTA GYMNICA 2022. [DOI: 10.5507/ag.2022.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Vieira KJV, Carvalho LC, Carvalho Borges JB, José dos Reis C, Iunes DH. The respiratory effects of a Pilates method protocol: Randomized clinical trial. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2022; 32:149-155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2022.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bautista-Molano W, Saldarriaga-Rivera LM, Junca-Ramírez A, Fernández-Aldana AR, Fernández-Ávila DG, Jaimes DA, Jauregui EA, Segura-Charry JS, Romero-Sanchez C, Felipe-Diaz OJ. 2021 clinical practice guideline for the early detection, diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of patients with axial spondyloarthritis. Colombian Association of Rheumatology. REUMATOLOGIA CLINICA 2022; 18:191-199. [PMID: 35305953 DOI: 10.1016/j.reumae.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Axial Spondyloarthritis is a rheumatic condition affecting young patients with social and occupational consequences. Diagnosis delay is associated with functional impairment and impact on quality of life, requiring a multidisciplinary approach. OBJECTIVE To develop a set of recommendations based on the best available evidence for early detection, diagnosis, treatment and monitoring adult patients with axial spondyloarthritis. METHODS A working group was established, questions were developed, outcomes were graded, and a systematic search for evidence was conducted. A multidisciplinary panel of members was established (including patient representatives), minimizing bias in relation to conflicts of interest. The GRADE approach "Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation" was used to assess the quality of the evidence as well as the direction and strength of recommendations. In total, 11 recommendations with regard to diagnosis (n = 2), pharmacological treatment (n = 6), non-pharmacological treatment (n = 2) and monitoring (n = 1) are presented. RESULTS Sacroiliac joint radiography as the first diagnostic method, and the use of disease activity scales for patient monitoring (ASDAS or BASDAI), are recommended. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are the first treatment option; in case of intolerance or residual pain, acetaminophen or opioids are recommended. In patients with axial involvement, it is recommended not to use conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs or systemic or local glucocorticoids. In patients with failure to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, anti-TNF or anti-IL17A is recommended. In those patients presenting with anti-TNF failure, starting an anti-IL17A is recommended. Exercise, physical and occupational therapy are recommended as part of treatment. It is recommended not to use unconventional therapies as the only treatment option. CONCLUSIONS This set of recommendations provides an updated guide on the diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of patients with axial spondyloarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Bautista-Molano
- Sección de Reumatología, Hospital Universitario Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Lina M Saldarriaga-Rivera
- Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Universitario San Jorge, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Institución Universitaria Visión de las Américas, Clínica Los Rosales, Pereira, Colombia
| | - Alejandro Junca-Ramírez
- Servicio de Reumatología, Colsanitas, IPS Especializada, Colombia Bienestar IPS, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Daniel G Fernández-Ávila
- Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Diego A Jaimes
- Universidad de la Sabana, Clínicos IPS, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Edwin A Jauregui
- Servicio de Reumatología, Riesgo de Fractura SA, Cayre IPS, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan S Segura-Charry
- Servicio de Reumatología, Clínica Medilaser Neiva, Clínicos IPS, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Consuelo Romero-Sanchez
- Servicio de Reumatología e Inmunología, Hospital Militar Central, Grupo Inmunología Celular y Molecular, Universidad del Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Oscar J Felipe-Diaz
- Servicio de Reumatología, Medicarte SA, Clínica Las Vegas, Medellín, Colombia
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Giannakou I, Gaskell L. A qualitative systematic review of the views, experiences and perceptions of Pilates-trained physiotherapists and their patients. Musculoskeletal Care 2021; 19:67-83. [PMID: 32929888 DOI: 10.1002/msc.1511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A review of qualitative studies exploring Pilates-trained physiotherapists and their patients' perspectives and experiences of Pilates, aiming to improve practice and provide a deeper insight into the way this method is being utilized along with its effects on participants. DESIGN Qualitative evidence synthesis using meta-ethnography. DATA SOURCES A comprehensive search strategy, limited to English language articles, was conducted to MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, CINAHL, PEDro and Cochrane Central for the period of January 2000 (inception) to June 2020. This was supplemented by identification of Grey literature through Google Scholar, website searching and reference lists. STUDY SELECTION Qualitative studies reporting experiences and perceptions of patients' or Pilates-trained physiotherapists' regarding the efficacy of Pilates for the management of chronic musculoskeletal conditions. After a process of exclusion, eight studies were included in the synthesis. DATA EXTRACTION The textual data were analysed by a qualitative software program. Studies were critically appraised independently by two reviewers. DATA SYNTHESIS Articles were synthesized using a technique of meta-ethnography. Three themes emerged from the process of reciprocal translation: (1) Benefits of the Pilates approach; (2) most effective ways to utilize and most beneficial parameters and (3) risks, precautions, contraindications and indications. CONCLUSION This is the first qualitative evidence synthesis of practitioners' and patients' perspectives of Pilates. Findings support evidence for the various benefits of this approach and provide fresh insight into the way this method can be practiced to maximize efficiency and focus on the patients' needs. KEY RECOMMENDATIONS Pilates-trained physiotherapists identified that Pilates can be tailored to individual requirements, preferences and needs, to promote self-management to facilitate clinical and cost-effective care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Giannakou
- School of Health and Society, University of Salford, Manchester, UK
| | - Lynne Gaskell
- School of Health and Society, University of Salford, Manchester, UK
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Hornsby E, Johnston LM. Effect of Pilates Intervention on Physical Function of Children and Youth: A Systematic Review. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2019; 101:317-328. [PMID: 31152703 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2019.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review to evaluate the effectiveness of Pilates intervention on physical function in children and youth. DATA SOURCES Six electronic databases were searched from inception to June 2018 using the term Pilates. STUDY SELECTION Articles were included if they (1) reported original data for a Pilates-only intervention; (2) involved children or youth aged up to 22 years; (3) reported a musculoskeletal, pain, or function study outcome. Searches identified 2565 papers and 11 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. DATA EXTRACTION The 2 authors independently screened and assessed all studies and any discrepancies were resolved by consensus. DATA SYNTHESIS Level of evidence was classified using the Oxford Centre for Evidence Based Medicine. Study quality was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database for randomized controlled trials and Risk of Bias in N-of-1 Trials scale for single case experimental design studies. Four studies were high quality, 3 were fair quality, and 4 were of low quality. Findings showed that Pilates does appear to improve flexibility (n=6); muscle strength, power and movement speed (n=3); postural control, orientation and balance (n=3); metabolic cost (n=1); functional ability (n=1) and health related quality of life (n=1) and reduce pain (n=2) in children with musculoskeletal pathology, the majority with a large effect size. Pilates content varied from group-based mat classes to individualized programs using specialized equipment. Intervention dose and frequency varied widely. CONCLUSIONS This is the first systematic review of the effect of Pilates intervention for children and youth. Research is in the preliminary stages; however, Pilates does appear to improve flexibility, strength and postural control, and reduce pain in children with musculoskeletal pathology. Further research is warranted to determine the potential effectiveness of Pilates for children and youth for various population groups and to develop comprehensive treatment guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Hornsby
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Kids Care Physiotherapy, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Leanne M Johnston
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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