Sintomas depressivos e fragilidade física em pessoas idosas: revisão integrativa

Clinical predictors of frailty in users of Secondary Care in Geriatrics and Gerontology

Abstract Objective To analyze the health predictors associated with frailty in the older population treated at a Secondary Care Service in Geriatrics and Gerontology, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Methods A cross-sectional observational study involving a sample of 4,323 individuals aged 60 years or older that underwent a clinical-functional evaluation was conducted. Sociodemographic and clinical-functional variables were analyzed and compared against the dependent variable of the study: clinical-functional stratum, as measured by the Visual Frailty Scale, dichotomized into frail and non-frail. Univariate logistic regressions were performed and the variables with p-value <0.2 were submitted to multivariate regression by stepwise and forward methods of selecting variables in the equation. Results The potential explanatory value of the model was 70.4%. Seven variables were associated with frailty: age (OR 1.016; 95%CI: 1.001–1.028; p<0.001), dementia (OR 5.179; 95%CI: 3.839–5.961; p<0.001), depressive symptoms (OR 1.268; 95%CI: 1.090–1.475; p=0.002), urinary incontinence (OR 1.330; 95%CI: 1.153–1.535; p<0.001), changes in gait speed (OR 1.483; 95%CI: 1.287–1.709; p<0.001), calf circumference (OR 0.956; 95%CI: 0.932–0.982; p=0.001), and BMI (OR 1.026; 95%CI: 1.008–1.044; p=0.005). Conclusion Advanced age, dementia, depressive symptoms, and continence and gait changes were associated with frailty. The study results reveal an association of reduced calf circumference and increased BMI values with frailty in older adults and that dementia diagnosis had the strongest association with the frailty syndrome.

Preditores clínicos de fragilidade em usuários de serviço de Atenção Secundária em Geriatria e Gerontologia

Resumo Objetivo Analisar os preditores de saúde associados à fragilidade na população idosa atendida em um serviço de Atenção Secundária em Geriatria e Gerontologia, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Métodos Estudo observacional transversal, envolvendo amostra de 4.323 indivíduos com idade igual ou superior a 60 anos, submetidos a avaliação clínico-funcional. Selecionou-se variáveis sociodemográficas e clínico-funcionais que foram analisadas em comparação à variável dependente do estudo: estrato clínico-funcional por meio da Escala Visual de Fragilidade de forma dicotomizada em frágil e não frágil. Foram realizadas regressões logísticas univariadas. As variáveis com valor p<0,2 foram submetidas à regressão multivariada por meio dos métodos de stepwise e forward de seleção de variáveis na equação. Resultados O valor potencial de explicação do modelo foi de 70,4%. Sete variáveis relacionaram-se à fragilidade: idade (OR 1,016; IC 95%: 1,00–1,028; p<0,001), demência (OR 5,179; IC 95%: 3,839–5,961; p<0,001), sintomatologia depressiva (OR 1,268; IC 95: 1,090–1,475; p=0,002), incontinência urinária (OR 1,330; IC 95%: 1,153–1,535; p<0,001), alterações no padrão de marcha (OR 1,483; IC 95%: 1,287–1,709; p<0,001), circunferência de panturrilha (OR 0,956; IC 95%: 0,932–0,982; p=0,001), IMC (OR 1,026; IC 95%: 1,008–1,044; p=0,005). Conclusão A idade avançada, os quadros demenciais, sintomatologia depressiva, alterações esfincterianas e da marcha associaram-se com fragilidade. Destacam-se a associação entre fragilidade com mensurações reduzidas da circunferência de panturrilha e valores aumentados de IMC e o diagnóstico de demência como a maior força de associação com a síndrome de fragilidade.

Frailty in younger-old and oldest-old adults in a context of high social vulnerability

Objective: To analyze the factors associated with physical frailty in community-dwelling younger-old (60 to 74 years) and oldest-old (75 years or older) adults in a region of high social vulnerability. Social vulnerability refers to the absence of or difficulty obtaining social support from public institutions, situations that hinder the realization of or deny citizens their social rights and affect their social cohesion, and the ability to react to high-risk social situations – associated health and illness. In this study, we used the São Paulo Social Vulnerability Index developed by the SEADE Foundation, which classifies social vulnerability based on socioeconomic and demographic conditions. Methods: Quantitative analytical study of 303 older adults. Fried frailty phenotype assessment was performed and the Mini Mental State Examination, Geriatric Depression Scale, Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living, and the Lawton Scale of Instrumental Activities of Daily Living were administered. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used to analyze data. Results: Of the older adults, 12.21% were nonfrail, 60.72% were prefrail, and 27.06% were frail. The single factor most associated with frailty was depressive symptoms (OR = 2.65; 95%CI 1.38 – 5.08) in the younger-old and illiteracy (OR = 14.64; 95%CI 1.82 – 116.51) in the oldest old. Conclusion: The factor most associated with frailty in younger-old adults (aged 60 to 74 years) was depressive symptoms, whereas in the oldest old (aged 75 or older), the factor most associated with frailty was being illiterate. The results of this investigation should prompt health professionals and managers to discuss and program new strategies for health promotion and prevention of factors that may aggravate frailty, respecting the differences found between older adults in early and later old age.