Elaboração e validação de cartilha para prevenção da diarreia infantil

Effects of Educational Interventions on Maternal Self-efficacy and Childhood Diarrhea: A Randomized Clinical Trial

OBJECTIVE

Diarrhea still causes high morbidity and mortality in children under five, requiring constant interventions. Thus, the study aims to evaluate the effects of educational technologies on maternal self-efficacy to prevent childhood diarrhea.

METHODS

Randomized clinical trial carried out in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil, with four randomized groups of mothers of children under 5 years of age, as follows: control group (n = 61), group A (booklet, n = 60), group B (video, n = 60), and group AB (booklet and video, n = 60). From June to October 2015, data collection was carried out in three moments (the first in person and the others by telephone monitoring).

RESULTS

All groups improved their self-efficacy after the intervention, with higher scores in the group AB (booklet and video). A statistically significant association was found between the occurrence of diarrhea and maternal self-efficacy in groups A (booklet) (p = 0.023) and AB (booklet and video) (p = 0.042) at the second moment of data collection. From the second moment to the third moment, the risk of diarrhea decreased in group A, from 12.8 to 1.3, and in group AB, from 8.5 to 1.1.

CONCLUSION

The technologies used, isolated or combined, were effective in improving maternal self-efficacy and decreasing the occurrence of childhood diarrhea; therefore, they can be used by nurses as health education tools.

Validation of a Brochure to Guide Health Professionals in the Dressing and Undressing of Personal Protective Equipment During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic

Objective To develop and validate a brochure to guide health professionals in properly dressing and undressing the personal protective equipment (PPE) used in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

Methods To develop the brochure, an integrative literature review was conducted after searching the following databases: SciELO, LILACS, and MEDLINE. The brochure was evaluated by 38 health professionals (nurses, physical therapists, and doctors) employing the Delphi technique. The results were analyzed using the Content Validity Index.

Results In the first evaluation cycle, the items in the brochure were considered by the panel of experts as ranging from “unsuitable” to “totally adequate”. After the appropriate corrections suggested by the experts, the brochure once again was sent to the second evaluation cycle, in which all items were rated as “adequate” or “totally adequate.” The result is a Content Validity Index of 1.0.

Conclusion The present study allowed the development of a brochure and its validation by consensus among the evaluation group. The developed and validated brochure presents the reliability of the technique of dressing and undressing the PPE used by health professionals during the pandemic of COVID-19. This information contributes to the management of assistance with quality and safety for the frontline workers and patients.

Audiovisual and printed technology to prevent childhood diarrhea: A clinical trial

OBJECTIVE

To compare the effect of using an educational booklet and a video alone or together in promoting maternal self-efficacy to prevent childhood diarrhea.

DESIGN AND SAMPLE

Randomized multicenter clinical trial with 522 mothers of children under 5 years of age from northeastern Brazil. They were allocated into eight groups, according to the city: metropolis - video alone (N = 61), booklet alone (N = 60), booklet and video along (N = 60), without intervention (N = 60); countryside - booklet alone (N = 70), video alone (N = 70), booklet and video along (N = 71), without intervention (N = 70).

MEASUREMENTS

A sociodemographic form and the Maternal Self-Efficacy Scale for preventing early childhood diarrhea.

RESULTS

Increases in self-efficacy scores were observed in all experimental groups after the educational intervention. Urban mothers living had greater self-efficacy than rural mothers. This result was verified in the video alone group (p = .036) and without intervention group (p = .003). Mothers in all intervention groups, regardless of the educational intervention used, had higher self-efficacy scores than the comparison group mothers (p < .05).

CONCLUSION

The tested educational technologies promoted maternal self-efficacy to prevent childhood diarrhea, regardless of whether they are applied alone or in combination.

Educational interventions using a primer and motivational interviewing: randomized clinical trial

BACKGROUND

Many educational technologies have been used to promote the health of the population. Thus, the objective was to assess the effect of using an individual educational primer along with the Brief Motivational Interviewing (BMI) for increasing maternal self-efficacy for preventing childhood diarrhoea.

METHODS

Randomized clinical trial, conducted in Fortaleza/Ceará-Brazil, composed of 181 mothers and/or guardians of children under five years, who were randomized into three groups: experimental group A (EG A)-who read the primer, experimental group B (EG B)-application of the primer and BMI and the control group (CG). The participants' assessment was based on the Maternal Self-Efficacy Scale for Preventing Childhood Diarrhoea and the diarrhoea Investigation Form at the beginning of the intervention and then 30 and 60 days after the first contact with the participants.

RESULTS

There were 60 participants in EG A and CG and 61 in EG B. It was noted a greater incidence of participants with high self-efficacy in EG B after applying the technologies. All groups manifested diarrhoea among children after the interventions, although with a lower number in EG B, one-month post-intervention (P = 0.025).

CONCLUSIONS

The combined use of the primer and the BMI contributed significantly over time to increase maternal self-efficacy in preventing childhood diarrhoea and reduce cases of this disease.

Tecnologia Educacional sobre limpeza e desinfecção de brinquedos para ambientes escolares frente à pandemia da COVID-19

RESUMO Objetivo descrever a construção e validação do conteúdo e aparência de tecnologia educacional sobre limpeza e desinfecção de brinquedos para ambientes escolares e creches, no contexto de pandemia do coronavírus. Método Pesquisa metodológica de validação, orientada pela teoria da Psicometria. Realizada em três fases: (1) revisão bibliográfica (2) elaboração da tecnologia educacional (3) avaliação, aperfeiçoamento e validação do conteúdo e aparência da cartilha. Participaram 20 juízes e 16 profissionais da educação infantil. Para garantir a validação, consideramos o índice de validade de conteúdo de, no mínimo, 0,8. Os dados foram tratados no software Statistical Package for Social Science e submetidos à análise descritiva de distribuição de frequências. Resultados O índice de validade de conteúdo global foi de 0,99 para juízes e 0,96 para o público-alvo. Os domínios da cartilha apresentaram índice de validade de conteúdo superior a 0,8 sugerindo que é um material representativo, quanto à aparência e conteúdo. Conclusão e implicações para prática A cartilha digital pode ser considerada, no contexto das atividades educativas em enfermagem, instrumento capaz de favorecer orientações claras e confiáveis sobre a limpeza e desinfecção de brinquedos, para ambientes escolares, no cenário de pandemia do novo coronavírus.