1
|
Leal DF, Viana CHC, Almond GW, Monteiro MS, Garbossa CAP, Carnevale RF, Muro BBD, Poor AP, Pugliesi G, Nichi M, Watanabe TTN, Marques MG. Estrus Synchronization of Replacement Gilts Using Estradiol Cipionate and PGF 2α and Its Effects on Reproductive Outcomes. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12233393. [PMID: 36496915 PMCID: PMC9741136 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of using estrogen-induced prolonged luteal function followed by prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2α) treatment to synchronize estrus in gilts. On day12 of the estrus cycle (D0 = first day of standing estrus), 52 gilts were assigned at random to two experimental groups: non-treated gilts (CON, n = 22), serving as controls, and prolonged luteal function group (CYP, n = 30), receiving a single treatment with 10 mg of estradiol cypionate intramuscularly Starting on day 12, blood samples were collected for estradiol and progesterone assays. Estrus detection started on day 17. Gilts from the CON group were inseminated at the onset of natural estrus. On day 28 CYP gilts were treated with PGF2α to induce luteolysis and inseminated at the onset of estrus. Gilts were slaughtered 5 d after the last insemination. A single treatment with estradiol cypionate prolonged luteal function in 90% of treated gilts. The duration of the estrous cycle was longer (p < 0.0001) for CYP gilts compared to CON gilts. CYP gilts showed synchronized estrus 3.96 ± 0.19 d after induction of luteolysis. The conception rate was similar (p = 0.10) for CON and CYP gilts. No difference was observed in the embryo recovery rate (p = 0.18) and total number of embryos per female (p = 0.06). The percentage of unfertilized oocytes, fragmented embryos and viable embryos was similar among females from CON and CYP groups (p > 0.05). The treatment of gilts with a single application of 10 mg of estradiol cypionate on day 12 of the estrous cycle was effective in prolonging luteal function and treatment with PGF2α resulted in synchronized estrus. Additionally, the synchronization protocol had no deleterious effect on fertility and embryonic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Feitosa Leal
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Glen William Almond
- Department of Population Health & Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University (NCSU), Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Matheus Saliba Monteiro
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Cesar Augusto Pospissil Garbossa
- Department of Nutrition and Animal Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Rafaella Fernandes Carnevale
- Department of Nutrition and Animal Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Bruno Bracco Donatelli Muro
- Department of Nutrition and Animal Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil
| | - André Pegoraro Poor
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Pugliesi
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Marcílio Nichi
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Terumi Negrão Watanabe
- Department of Population Health & Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University (NCSU), Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Mariana Groke Marques
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Concórdia 89715-899, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Production and Health, Instituto Federal Catarinense, Concórdia 89703-720, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gajęcka M, Zielonka Ł, Babuchowski A, Gajęcki MT. Exposure to Low Zearalenone Doses and Changes in the Homeostasis and Concentrations of Endogenous Hormones in Selected Steroid-Sensitive Tissues in Pre-Pubertal Gilts. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14110790. [PMID: 36422963 PMCID: PMC9692984 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14110790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was undertaken to analyze whether prolonged exposure to low-dose zearalenone (ZEN) mycotoxicosis affects the concentrations of ZEN, α-zearalenol (α-ZEL), and β-zearalenol (β-ZEL) in selected reproductive system tissues (ovaries, uterine horn-ovarian and uterine sections, and the middle part of the cervix), the hypothalamus, and pituitary gland, or the concentrations of selected steroid hormones in pre-pubertal gilts. For 42 days, gilts were administered per os different ZEN doses (MABEL dose [5 µg/kg BW], the highest NOAEL dose [10 µg/kg BW], and the lowest LOAEL dose [15 µg/kg BW]). Tissue samples were collected on days seven, twenty-one, and forty-two of exposure to ZEN (exposure days D1, D2, and D3, respectively). Blood for the analyses of estradiol and progesterone concentrations was collected in vivo on six dates at seven-day intervals (on analytical dates D1-D6). The analyses revealed that both ZEN and its metabolites were accumulated in the examined tissues. On successive analytical dates, the rate of mycotoxin accumulation in the studied tissues decreased gradually by 50% and proportionally to the administered ZEN dose. A hierarchical visualization revealed that values of the carry-over factor (CF) were highest on exposure day D2. In most groups and on most exposure days, the highest CF values were found in the middle part of the cervix, followed by the ovaries, both sections of the uterine horn, and the hypothalamus. These results suggest that ZEN, α-ZEL, and β-ZEL were deposited in all analyzed tissues despite exposure to very low ZEN doses. The presence of these undesirable compounds in the examined tissues can inhibit the somatic development of the reproductive system and compromise neuroendocrine coordination of reproductive competence in pre-pubertal gilts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Gajęcka
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Łukasz Zielonka
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Andrzej Babuchowski
- Dairy Industry Innovation Institute Ltd., Kormoranów 1, 11-700 Mrągowo, Poland
| | - Maciej Tadeusz Gajęcki
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Muro BBD, Oliveira ACR, Carnevale RF, Leal DF, Monteiro MS, Poor AP, Pereira FA, de Souza LJ, Ferreira JB, Almond GW, Garbossa CAP. Altrenogest Supplementation during Early Pregnancy Improves Reproductive Outcome in Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12141801. [PMID: 35883348 PMCID: PMC9312252 DOI: 10.3390/ani12141801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Progesterone plays an important role in initial conceptus development and in a successful pregnancy, but results related to progesterone or its analogues (altrenogest) supplementation in early pregnancy of pigs are conflicting. The present study evaluated the effects of altrenogest supplementation in sows during days 6 and 12 of pregnancy on reproductive performance. On day 6 of pregnancy, 301 females were allocated at random to one of the following treatments: CON (Control: non-supplemented females, n = 163) or ALT (females daily supplemented with 20 mg of altrenogest, orally, from day 6 to 12 of pregnancy, n = 138). Ovulation was considered as occurred at 48 h after the first estrus detection to standardize the first day of pregnancy. The supplementation increased the number of total piglets born (ALT: 17.3 ± 0.4; CON: 16.6 ± 0.4), piglets born alive (ALT: 15.6 ± 0.4; CON: 14.8 ± 0.3), and placenta weight (ALT: 4.2 ± 0.1; CON: 3.8 ± 0.1) and decreased the stillbirth rate (ALT: 5.9 ± 0.6; CON: 7.6 ± 0.6) and the number of piglets born weighing less than 800 g (ALT: 6.6 ± 0.6; CON: 8.0 ± 0.6), without impairment on farrowing rate. These results demonstrated that altrenogest supplementation on swine females between days 6 and 12 of pregnancy may be used to improve reproductive performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Bracco Donatelli Muro
- Department of Nutrition and Animal Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil; (A.C.R.O.); (R.F.C.); (F.A.P.); (C.A.P.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ana Clara Rodrigues Oliveira
- Department of Nutrition and Animal Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil; (A.C.R.O.); (R.F.C.); (F.A.P.); (C.A.P.G.)
| | - Rafaella Fernandes Carnevale
- Department of Nutrition and Animal Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil; (A.C.R.O.); (R.F.C.); (F.A.P.); (C.A.P.G.)
| | - Diego Feitosa Leal
- Department of Population Health & Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University (NCSU), Raleigh, NC 27607, USA; (D.F.L.); (J.B.F.); (G.W.A.)
| | - Matheus Saliba Monteiro
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil; (M.S.M.); (A.P.P.)
| | - André Pegoraro Poor
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil; (M.S.M.); (A.P.P.)
| | - Francisco Alves Pereira
- Department of Nutrition and Animal Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil; (A.C.R.O.); (R.F.C.); (F.A.P.); (C.A.P.G.)
| | - Leury Jesus de Souza
- Luiz Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba 13418-900, Brazil;
| | - Juliana Bonin Ferreira
- Department of Population Health & Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University (NCSU), Raleigh, NC 27607, USA; (D.F.L.); (J.B.F.); (G.W.A.)
| | - Glen William Almond
- Department of Population Health & Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University (NCSU), Raleigh, NC 27607, USA; (D.F.L.); (J.B.F.); (G.W.A.)
| | - Cesar Augusto Pospissil Garbossa
- Department of Nutrition and Animal Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil; (A.C.R.O.); (R.F.C.); (F.A.P.); (C.A.P.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Adur MK, Seibert JT, Romoser MR, Bidne KL, Baumgard LH, Keating AF, Ross JW. Porcine endometrial heat shock proteins are differentially influenced by pregnancy status, heat stress, and altrenogest supplementation during the peri-implantation period. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:6620802. [PMID: 35772767 PMCID: PMC9246672 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) deleteriously affects multiple components of porcine reproduction and is causal to seasonal infertility. Environment-induced hyperthermia causes a HS response (HSR) typically characterized by increased abundance of intracellular heat shock proteins (HSP). Gilts exposed to HS during the peri-implantation period have compromised embryo survival, however if (or how) HS disrupts the porcine endometrium is not understood. Study objectives were to evaluate the endometrial HSP abundance in response to HS during this period and assess the effect of oral progestin (altrenogest; ALT) supplementation. Postpubertal gilts (n = 42) were artificially inseminated during behavioral estrus (n = 28) or were kept cyclic (n = 14), and randomly assigned to thermal neutral (TN; 21 ± 1 °C) or diurnal HS (35 ± 1 °C for 12 h/31.6 ± 1 °C for 12 h) conditions from day 3 to 12 postestrus (dpe). Seven of the inseminated gilts from each thermal treatment group received ALT (15 mg/d) during this period. Using quantitative PCR, transcript abundance of HSP family A (Hsp70) member 1A (HSPA1A, P = 0.001) and member 6 (HSPA6, P < 0.001), and HSP family B (small) member 8 (HSB8, P = 0.001) were increased while HSP family D (Hsp60) member 1 (HSPD1, P = 0.01) was decreased in the endometrium of pregnant gilts compared to the cyclic gilts. Protein abundance of HSPA1A decreased (P = 0.03) in pregnant gilt endometrium due to HS, while HSP family B (small) member 1 (HSPB1) increased (P = 0.01) due to HS. Oral ALT supplementation during HS reduced the transcript abundance of HSP90α family class B member 1 (HSP90AB1, P = 0.04); but HS increased HSP90AB1 (P = 0.001), HSPA1A (P = 0.02), and HSPA6 (P = 0.04) transcript abundance irrespective of ALT. ALT supplementation decreased HSP90α family class A member 1 (HSP90AA1, P = 0.001) protein abundance, irrespective of thermal environment, whereas ALT only decreased HSPA6 (P = 0.02) protein abundance in TN gilts. These results indicate a notable shift of HSP in the porcine endometrium during the peri-implantation period in response to pregnancy status and heat stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malavika K Adur
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Jacob T Seibert
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Matthew R Romoser
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Katie L Bidne
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Lance H Baumgard
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Aileen F Keating
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Jason W Ross
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhao S, Guo Z, Xiang W, Wang P. The neuroendocrine pathways and mechanisms for the control of the reproduction in female pigs. Anim Reprod 2021; 18:e20210063. [PMID: 34925558 PMCID: PMC8677349 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2021-0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Within the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad (HPG) axis, the major hierarchical component is gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons, which directly or indirectly receive regulatory inputs from a wide array of regulatory signals and pathways, involving numerous circulating hormones, neuropeptides, and neurotransmitters, and which operate as a final output for the brain control of reproduction. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in neuropeptides that have the potential to stimulate or inhibit GnRH in the hypothalamus of pigs. Among them, Kisspeptin is a key component in the precise regulation of GnRH neuron secretion activity. Besides, other neuropeptides, including neurokinin B (NKB), neuromedin B (NMB), neuromedin S (NMS), α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), Phoenixin (PNX), show potential for having a stimulating effect on GnRH neurons. On the contrary, RFamide-related peptide-3 (RFRP-3), endogenous opioid peptides (EOP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and Galanin (GAL) may play an inhibitory role in the regulation of porcine reproductive nerves and may directly or indirectly regulate GnRH neurons. By combining data from suitable model species and pigs, we aim to provide a comprehensive summary of our current understanding of the neuropeptides acting on GnRH neurons, with a particular focus on their central regulatory pathways and underlying molecular basis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhao
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Zongyi Guo
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Wei Xiang
- School of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, Fuling of Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Pingqing Wang
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|